44 research outputs found
Rule-based Test Generation with Mind Maps
This paper introduces basic concepts of rule based test generation with mind
maps, and reports experiences learned from industrial application of this
technique in the domain of smart card testing by Giesecke & Devrient GmbH over
the last years. It describes the formalization of test selection criteria used
by our test generator, our test generation architecture and test generation
framework.Comment: In Proceedings MBT 2012, arXiv:1202.582
Potential energy threshold for nano-hillock formation by impact of slow highly charged ions on a CaF(111) surface
We investigate the formation of nano-sized hillocks on the (111) surface of
CaF single crystals by impact of slow highly charged ions. Atomic force
microscopy reveals a surprisingly sharp and well-defined threshold of potential
energy carried into the collision of about 14 keV for hillock formation.
Estimates of the energy density deposited suggest that the threshold is linked
to a solid-liquid phase transition (``melting'') on the nanoscale. With
increasing potential energy, both the basal diameter and the height of the
hillocks increase. The present results reveal a remarkable similarity between
the present predominantly potential-energy driven process and track formation
by the thermal spike of swift ( GeV) heavy ions.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Search based algorithms for test sequence generation in functional testing
Information and Software Technology (DOI: 10.1016/j.infsof.2014.07.014)The generation of dynamic test sequences from a formal specification, complementing traditional testing methods in order to find errors in the source code.
Objective
In this paper we extend one specific combinatorial test approach, the Classification Tree Method (CTM), with transition information to generate test sequences. Although we use CTM, this extension is also possible for any combinatorial testing method.
Method
The generation of minimal test sequences that fulfill the demanded coverage criteria is an NP-hard problem. Therefore, search-based approaches are required to find such (near) optimal test sequences.
Results
The experimental analysis compares the search-based technique with a greedy algorithm on a set of 12 hierarchical concurrent models of programs extracted from the literature. Our proposed search-based approaches (GTSG and ACOts) are able to generate test sequences by finding the shortest valid path to achieve full class (state) and transition coverage.
Conclusion
The extended classification tree is useful for generating of test sequences. Moreover, the experimental analysis reveals that our search-based approaches are better than the greedy deterministic approach, especially in the most complex instances. All presented algorithms are actually integrated into a professional tool for functional testing.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER under contract TIN2011-28194 and fellowship BES-2012-055967. Project 8.06/5.47.4142 in collaboration with the VSB-Tech. Univ. of Ostrava, Universidad de MĂĄlaga, AndalucĂa Tech. and EU Grant ICT-257574 (FITTEST project)
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Automatic test case generation for WS-Agreements using combinatorial testing
In the scope of the applications developed under the service-based paradigm, Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are a standard mechanism used to flexibly specify the Quality of Service (QoS) that must be delivered. These agreements contain the conditions negotiated between the service provider and consumers as well as the potential penalties derived from the violation of such conditions. In this context, it is important to assure that the service based application (SBA) behaves as expected in order to avoid potential consequences like penalties or dissatisfaction between the stakeholders that have negotiated and signed the SLA. In this article we address the testing of SLAs specified using the WS-Agreement standard by means of applying testing techniques such as the Classification Tree Method and Combinatorial Testing to generate test cases. From the content of the individual terms of the SLA, we identify situations that need to be tested. We also obtain a set of constraints based on the SLA specification and the behavior of the SBA in order to guarantee the testability of the test cases. Furthermore, we define three different coverage strategies with the aim at grading the intensity of the tests. Finally, we have developed a tool named SLACT (SLA Combinatorial Testing) in order to automate the process and we have applied the whole approach to an eHealth case study
A preliminary dictionary of Maori gainwords compiled on historical principles
This thesis is a preliminary dictionary of Maori gainwords compiled on historical principles. It will serve as the starting point for a fully fledged historical dictionary of Maori gainwords. The sources are a selection of all those Maori language publications printed between the dates 1815 and 1899. A large number of source items were photocopied from other institutions, and the binding and subsequent availability of these was not always in the order wished for. The research therefore has its limitations (clearly indicated by the use of the word 'preliminary' in the thesis title). Full coverage of all printed Maori publications between 1815 and 1899 has not been possible. Despite this, this preliminary dictionary offers a good indication of the extent of new gainword vocabulary introduced within the time frame. This thesis suggests that the terms loanword and borrowing should
be replaced by the new term gainword or gain, and that the process
by which new items of vocabulary enter a language should be known
as gaining .. 'Gaining' is a positive process, and the word 'gainword' is
normally devoid of any negative connotations or implications of
cultural imperialism.
This thesis is the first extended scholarly research into Maori
gainword lexicography. Although 'preliminary', the dictionary is the
first devoted solely to Maori gainwords - previous dictionaries of
Maori have had gainwords as appendices, or have listed small
numbers of gainwords in their general corpus. This dictionary builds
on those earlier dictionaries by giving gainwords their own
dictionary.
This thesis will indicate that nearly all new items of vocabulary
introduced into Maori language during the period researched were
introduced by English-speaking Pakeha. English-speaking (and some
few French-speaking) Pakeha controlled the printed word for some
considerable time - up until the first Maori-controlled publication,
Te Hokioi in 1861, in fact most gainwords were therefore imposed.
The frequency count for Maori-driven gains done for this thesis will
give only some slight indication of Maori use and acceptance of gains
between 1815 and 1899
Digitalisierung beruflicher Lern- und Arbeitsprozesse. Impulse aus der Bauwirtschaft und anderen gewerblich-technischen Sektoren
Der Sammelband stellt aktuelle AnsĂ€tze zum digital unterstĂŒtzten beruflichen Lernen dar. Die BeitrĂ€ge geben Einblicke in die dynamische Entwicklung der Schnittstellen von Erwerbsarbeit und beruflicher Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung im Kontext der Digitalisierung Arbeits- und Lernmitteln. Der Band schlieĂt damit an die 2019 ebenfalls im UniversitĂ€tsverlag der Technischen UniversitĂ€t Berlin erschienene Publikation âBerufsbildung am Bau digitalâ (hrsg. von Bernd Mahrin und Johannes Meyser) an. Das erste Kapitel erörtert grundsĂ€tzliche didaktische Fragen zu digital unterstĂŒtztem Lernen und Arbeiten einschlieĂlich der Rahmenbedingungen. Im zweiten Kapitel schlieĂen sich BeitrĂ€ge zur KapazitĂ€tsentwicklung, zu Standards und zu digitalen Werkzeugen an. Das dritte Kapitel widmet sich konkreten Einzellösungen mit starkem Praxisbezug und hohem Transferpotenzial zum digitalisierten Arbeiten und Lernen im Bausektor und im Metallbereich. Das abschlieĂende vierte Kapitel prĂ€sentiert ĂŒbergreifend nutzbare und frei zugĂ€ngliche Online-Angebote wie einen Medienpool fĂŒr Bildungszwecke, eine Lernmedien-Datenbank und ein hybrides Lernsystem mit virtuellem 3D-GebĂ€udemodell. Das Buch ist entstanden im Rahmen des durch das Bundesministerium fĂŒr Bildung und Forschung und den EuropĂ€ischen Sozialfonds geförderten Projektes DigiBAU â Digitales Bauberufliches Lernen und Arbeiten. (DIPF/Orig.)The anthology presents current approaches to digitally supported professional learning. The articles provide insights into the dynamic development of the interfaces between gainful employment and vocational training and further education in the context of digitization of work and learning aids. The volume is thus connected to the publication âBerufsbildung am Bau digitalâ (edited by Bernd Mahrin and Johannes Meyser), which was published in 2019 by the University Press of the Technische UniversitĂ€t Berlin. The first chapter discusses fundamental didactic questions about digitally supported learning and working, including the framework conditions. The second chapter picks contributions on capacity development, standards, and digital tools out as central themes. The third chapter is dedicated to concrete specific solutions with strong practical relevance and high transfer potential for digitized work and learning in the construction sector and in the metal sector. The final fourth chapter presents comprehensive and freely accessible online offers such as a media pool for educational purposes, a learning media database and a hybrid learning system with a virtual 3D building model. The book was created as part of the DigiBAU project - digital vocational learning and working in the field of construction - funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the European Social Fund. (DIPF/Orig.