Dynamic Curves for Decentralized Autonomous Cryptocurrency Exchanges

One of the exciting recent developments in decentralized finance (DeFi) has been the development of decentralized cryptocurrency exchanges that can autonomously handle conversion between different cryptocurrencies. Decentralized exchange protocols such as Uniswap, Curve and other types of Automated Market Makers (AMMs) maintain a liquidity pool (LP) of two or more assets constrained to maintain at all times a mathematical relation to each other, defined by a given function or curve. Examples of such functions are the constant-sum and constant-product AMMs. Existing systems however suffer from several challenges. They require external arbitrageurs to restore the price of tokens in the pool to match the market price. Such activities can potentially drain resources from the liquidity pool. In particular dramatic market price changes can result in low liquidity with respect to one or more of the assets and reduce the total value of the LP. We propose in this work a new approach to constructing the AMM by proposing the idea of dynamic curves. It utilizes input from a market price oracle to modify the mathematical relationship between the assets so that the pool price continuously and automatically adjusts to be identical to the market price. This approach eliminates arbitrage opportunities and, as we show through simulations, maintains liquidity in the LP for all assets and the total value of the LP over a wide range of market prices

Correlation-Aware Neural Networks for DDoS Attack Detection In IoT Systems

We present a comprehensive study on applying machine learning to detect distributed Denial of service (DDoS) attacks using large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) systems. While prior works and existing DDoS attacks have largely focused on individual nodes transmitting packets at a high volume, we investigate more sophisticated futuristic attacks that use large numbers of IoT devices and camouflage their attack by having each node transmit at a volume typical of benign traffic. We introduce new correlation-aware architectures that take into account the correlation of traffic across IoT nodes, and we also compare the effectiveness of centralized and distributed detection models. We extensively analyze the proposed architectures by evaluating five different neural network models trained on a dataset derived from a 4060-node real-world IoT system. We observe that long short-term memory (LSTM) and a transformer-based model, in conjunction with the architectures that use correlation information of the IoT nodes, provide higher performance (in terms of F1 score and binary accuracy) than the other models and architectures, especially when the attacker camouflages itself by following benign traffic distribution on each transmitting node. For instance, by using the LSTM model, the distributed correlation-aware architecture gives 81% F1 score for the attacker that camouflages their attack with benign traffic as compared to 35% for the architecture that does not use correlation information. We also investigate the performance of heuristics for selecting a subset of nodes to share their data for correlation-aware architectures to meet resource constraints.Comment: 16 pages, 17 figures, journa

Problemas abiertos en tiempos de virtualidad

En la cátedra de Física I de la facultad de ingeniería desde hace años se viene realizando, a modo de prueba piloto en algunos cursos, además de los laboratorios convencionales, un cambio en la dinámica del aula orientado a la resolución de problemas mediante investigación. Para ello se le presenta a los alumnos dos o tres situaciones abiertas optativas, a ser resueltas con el acompañamiento del personal docente durante el desarrollo del proyecto. De esta forma se pretende actualizar la Educación en Ingeniería promoviendo un aprendizaje por competencias activo y centrado en el alumno. En 2020 este tipo de actividades debieron mutar y adaptarse a la virtualidad, metodologías que se debieron tomar para poder seguir adelante con la formación de los futuros ingenieros en tiempos de aislamiento. En este trabajo se realizará una descripción de los elementos y modalidades que se tuvieron en cuenta para adecuar este tipo de actividades a la virtualidad analizando los objetivos alcanzados y comparándolos con los alcanzados en la presencialidad.Facultad de Ingenierí

The physiological linkage between molar inclination and dental macrowear pattern

Objectives: Exact symmetry and perfect balance between opposite jaw halves, as well as between antagonistic teeth, is not frequently observed in natural masticatory systems. Research results show that asymmetry in our body, skull, and jaws is often related to genetic, epigenetic, environmental and individual ontogenetic factors. Our study aims to provide evidence for a significant link between masticatory asymmetry and occlusal contact between antagonist teeth by testing the hypothesis that tooth inclination is one of the mechanisms driving distribution of wear in masticatory phases in addition to dietary and cultural habits. Materials and Methods: The present work investigates the relationship between dental macrowear patterns and tooth inclinations on a sample of complete maxillary and mandibular 3D models of dental arches from 19 young and adult Yuendumu Aboriginal individuals. The analysis was carried out on first molars (M1) from all quadrants. Occlusal Fingerprint Analysis was used for the quantification of macrowear patterns, and 2D cross-sectional geometric analysis was carried out to investigate asymmetry in dental arches. Results: The asymmetry is highly variable on both arches, and it is associated with differences in the inclination of upper M1 crowns. Each molar has variable inclination (buccal/lingual) which influence tooth to tooth contact, producing greater or lesser variation in wear pattern. Interindividual variability of morphological variation of the occlusal relationship has to be considered in macrowear analysis. Discussion: Our results suggest that overall asymmetry in the masticatory apparatus in modern humans affects occlusal contact areas between antagonist teeth influencing macrowear and chewing efficiency during ontogeny

SSEP amplitude accurately predicts both good and poor neurological outcome early after cardiac arrest; a post-hoc analysis of the ProNeCA multicentre study

AIM: To assess if, in comatose resuscitated patients, the amplitude of the N20 wave (N20amp) of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) can predict 6-months neurological outcome.SETTING: Multicentre study in 13 Italian intensive care units.METHODS: The N20amp in microvolts (muV) was measured at 12h, 24h, and 72h from cardiac arrest, along with pupillary reflex (PLR) and a 30-min EEG classified according to the ACNS terminology. Sensitivity and false positive rate (FPR) of N20amp alone or in combination were calculated.RESULTS: 403 patients (age 69[58-68] years) were included. At 12h, an N20amp >3muV predicted good neurological outcome (Cerebral Performance Categories [CPC] 1-2) with 61[50-72]% sensitivity and 11[6-18]% FPR. Combining it with a benign (continuous or nearly continuous) EEG increased sensitivity to 91[82-96]%. For poor outcome (CPC 3-5), an N20Amp ≤0.38muV, ≤0.73muV and ≤1.01muV at 12h, 24h, and 72h, respectively, had 0% FPR with sensitivity ranging from 61[51-69]% and 82[76-88]%. Sensitivity was higher than that of a bilaterally absent N20 at all time points. At 12h and 24h, a highly malignant (suppression or burst-suppression) EEG and bilaterally absent PLR achieved 0% FPR only when combined with SSEP. A combination of all three predictors yielded a 0[0-4]% FPR, with maximum sensitivity of 44[36-53]%.CONCLUSION: At 12h from arrest, a high N20Amp predicts good outcome with high sensitivity, especially when combined with benign EEG. At 12h and 24h from arrest a low-voltage N20amp has a high sensitivity and is more specific than EEG or PLR for predicting poor outcome

Commento agli articoli 90-98 c.p.c., Delle responsabilità delle parti per le spese e per i danni processuali

Commento sistematico agli articoli da 90 a 98 del c.p.c. alla luce delle interpretazioni dottrinali e degli orientamenti giurisprudenzial

Commento agli articoli 75-81 c.p.c., Delle parti, in Codice di procedura civile. Commentario diretto da Claudio Consolo. Vol. 1

Commento sistematico agli articoli da 75 a 81 del c.p.c. alla luce delle interpretazioni dottrinali e degli orientamenti giurisprudenzial