18,828 research outputs found
Theories of Technological Progress and the British Textile Industry from Kay to Cartwright
Editada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaLa industria textil británica continúa en el centro del debate sobre la revolución industrial. Las innovaciones técnicas en el período produjeron una aceleración extraordinaria del crecimiento del output y una considerable reducción de los precios de los tejidos. En este trabajo presentamos un estudio de la comunidad de los inventores responsables de la transformación tecnológica, lo que nos permite alcanzar una serie de conclusiones nuevas sobre el ritmo y dirección de la actividad innovadora durante la revolución industrialThe cotton textile industry remains central to all accounts of the first industrial revolution. Innovations in this period precipitated an extraordinary acceleration in the growth of output and a steep decline in the cost of producing all varieties of cloth. In this paper we outline an explanation through an analysis of the community of inventors responsible for the technological transformation, which enables us to offer some generalizations of the pace and pattern of the inventive activity in this period.Publicad
Educational weight loss interventions in obese and overweight adults with type 2 diabetes : a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Aim
The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing, with most individuals with the disease being overweight or obese. Weight loss can reduce disease‐related morbidity and mortality and weight losses of 10–15 kg have been shown to reverse type 2 diabetes. This review aimed to determine the effectiveness of community‐based educational interventions for weight loss in type 2 diabetes.
Methods
This is a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) in obese or overweight adults, aged 18–75 years, with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Primary outcomes were weight and/or BMI. CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from inception to June 2019. Trials were classified into specified a priori comparisons according to intervention type. A pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) (from baseline to follow‐up) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between trial groups (difference‐in‐difference) were estimated through random‐effects meta‐analyses using the inverse variance method. Heterogeneity was quantified using I2 and publication bias was explored visually using funnel plots.
Results
Some 7383 records were screened; 228 full‐text articles were assessed and 49 RCTs (n = 12 461 participants) were included in this review, with 44 being suitable for inclusion into the meta‐analysis. Pooled estimates of education combined with low‐calorie, low‐carbohydrate meal replacements (SMD = –2.48, 95% CI –3.59, –1.49, I2 = 98%) or diets (SMD = –1.25, 95% CI –2.11, –0.39, I2 = 95%) or low‐fat meal replacements (SMD = –1.15, 95%CI –2.05, –1.09, I2 = 85%) appeared most effective.
Conclusion
Low‐calorie, low‐carbohydrate meal replacements or diets combined with education appear the most promising interventions to achieve the largest weight and BMI reductions in people with type 2 diabetes
Participatory Design in a compressed timeframe, through an unConference format
The paper proposes a model - the 4 Es - for delivery of co-design activity over a short timeframe. This is discussed through the context of a case-study around an unConference event in Nairobi with the Fuel from Waste Network
Combining Thesaurus Knowledge and Probabilistic Topic Models
In this paper we present the approach of introducing thesaurus knowledge into
probabilistic topic models. The main idea of the approach is based on the
assumption that the frequencies of semantically related words and phrases,
which are met in the same texts, should be enhanced: this action leads to their
larger contribution into topics found in these texts. We have conducted
experiments with several thesauri and found that for improving topic models, it
is useful to utilize domain-specific knowledge. If a general thesaurus, such as
WordNet, is used, the thesaurus-based improvement of topic models can be
achieved with excluding hyponymy relations in combined topic models.Comment: Accepted to AIST-2017 conference (http://aistconf.ru/). The final
publication will be available at link.springer.co
Collision of plane gravitational and electromagnetic waves in a Minkowski background: solution of the characteristic initial value problem
We consider the collisions of plane gravitational and electromagnetic waves
with distinct wavefronts and of arbitrary polarizations in a Minkowski
background. We first present a new, completely geometric formulation of the
characteristic initial value problem for solutions in the wave interaction
region for which initial data are those associated with the approaching waves.
We present also a general approach to the solution of this problem which
enables us in principle to construct solutions in terms of the specified
initial data. This is achieved by re-formulating the nonlinear dynamical
equations for waves in terms of an associated linear problem on the spectral
plane. A system of linear integral ``evolution'' equations which solve this
spectral problem for specified initial data is constructed. It is then
demonstrated explicitly how various colliding plane wave space-times can be
constructed from given characteristic initial data.Comment: 33 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX. Accepted for publication in Classical and
Quantum Gravit
Two qubit copying machine for economical quantum eavesdropping
We study the mapping which occurs when a single qubit in an arbitrary state
interacts with another qubit in a given, fixed state resulting in some unitary
transformation on the two qubit system which, in effect, makes two copies of
the first qubit. The general problem of the quality of the resulting copies is
discussed using a special representation, a generalization of the usual Schmidt
decomposition, of an arbitrary two-dimensional subspace of a tensor product of
two 2-dimensional Hilbert spaces. We exhibit quantum circuits which can
reproduce the results of any two qubit copying machine of this type. A simple
stochastic generalization (using a ``classical'' random signal) of the copying
machine is also considered. These copying machines provide simple embodiments
of previously proposed optimal eavesdropping schemes for the BB84 and B92
quantum cryptography protocols.Comment: Minor changes. 26 pages RevTex including 7 PS figure
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Exercise addiction – the emergence of a new disorder
An optimal level of regular physical activity plays an important role in the maintenance of physical and mental health. However, excessive exercise in a minority of individuals can have adverse effects on health and lead to exercise addiction. Exercise addiction can be conceptualised as a behavioural addiction. The aim of this paper is to outline the current knowledge on the concept, epidemiology, aetiology, comorbidity, and possible interventions of exercise addiction
A collaborative approach to embedding academic literacies in first year grant projects
This paper describes the collaborative approach that Academic Language and Learning developers are using as part of a university’s First Year Experience project. This project draws on the idea of a third generation approach which utilises a bottom-up and top-down institutional framework. Intrinsic to this framework at UTS is a small grant scheme devised to support academics in designing curricula which facilitate first year students’ transition. However, smooth transition can be affected by the academic and linguistic capital of the increasingly diverse student population. This has provided the opportunity for ALL developers to become active participants in the small grant scheme and to work collaboratively with academics on the seamless integration of domain specific academic literacy. Two case studies of FYE grants illustrate the parameters and benefits of such an approach and how it may enable a discursive space to support sustainable practice
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