L’inscription de l’équitation de tradition française à l’UNESCO

Fin 2011, l'équitation de tradition française a été inscrite sur la liste représentative du patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'UNESCO. Cet article a pour but de retracer la longue genèse du dossier, son contenu, et ses enjeux.At the end of 2011, the "equitation in the French tradition" was inscribed on the UNESCO representative list of intangible cultural heritage. This article aims at presenting the long history of the project, its content, and its issues

Stimulate feed intake before weaning and control intake after weaning to optimise health and growth performance

[EN] Post-weaning feed restriction is a common practice in rabbit farming to reduce mortality, but results in lower growth performance and slaughter weights. This study aimed to assess the influence of 2 diets both rich in fibre and low in starch, with high or low digestible energy (DE) and digestible protein (DP) contents for a constant DP/DE ratio offered from 18 to 70 d of age, on the growth performance and health parameters of rabbits. Eight hundred rabbit kits were divided in 2 experimental groups differing in the feed offered from 18 to 70 d: a high concentrate diet (HC group; 10.37 MJ DE/kg DM and 102 g DP/kg DM) or low concentrate diet (LC group; 9.63 MJ DE/kg DM and 95 g DP/kg DM). Feed was offered ad libitum before weaning (35 d) and from 63 to 70 d, while feed offered from 35 to 63 d was controlled to obtain similar DE intake in both groups. Feed intake, animal weights and health status were recorded weekly. Mortality was recorded daily. Feed intake was similar in both groups before weaning (P=0.204), and consequently the DE intake was higher in the HC group compared to the LC group before weaning (3.91 vs. 3.39 MJ, respectively; P=0.017). Feed intake from 63 to 70 d was lower in the HC than in the LC group (229 vs. 239 g/d/kit, respectively; P<0.001).Total DE ingested after weaning was similar in both groups (45.44 MJ; P=0.143). Kits were heavier in the HC group throughout the study (P<0.05). A higher average daily gain during the periods of 18-28, 35-42 and 56-63 d was seen in the HC group (+8.1%, +16.8% and +4.5%, respectively; P<0.05). Mortality and morbidity rates were similar between groups throughout the study (P=1.0 and P=0.104, respectively). Our results suggest that when the feed intake after weaning is controlled, i) the feeding strategy before weaning determines the weight at weaning and at slaughter age; and ii) rabbits fed a diet more highly concentrated but rich in fibre increase their growth performance without negative consequences on their digestive health.The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical help of C. Bannelier, B. Gabinaud and M. Segura (INRA, UMR 1388 GenPhySE), and the assistance of the staff at the rabbit experimental unit (PECTOUL, Toulouse, France).Read, T.; Combes, S.; Gidenne, T.; Destombes, N.; Grenet, L.; Fortun-Lamothe, L. (2015). Stimulate feed intake before weaning and control intake after weaning to optimise health and growth performance. World Rabbit Science. 23(3):145-153. doi:10.4995/wrs.2015.3977SWORD14515323

Establishment and analysis of a reference transcriptome for Spodoptera frugiperda

International audienceBackground Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae) is a major agricultural pest throughout the American continent. The highly polyphagous larvae are frequently devastating crops of importance such as corn, sorghum, cotton and grass. In addition, the Sf9 cell line, widely used in biochemistry for in vitro protein production, is derived from S. frugiperda tissues. Many research groups are using S. frugiperda as a model organism to investigate questions such as plant adaptation, pest behavior or resistance to pesticides.ResultsIn this study, we constructed a reference transcriptome assembly (Sf_TR2012b) of RNA sequences obtained from more than 35 S. frugiperda developmental time-points and tissue samples. We assessed the quality of this reference transcriptome by annotating a ubiquitous gene family - ribosomal proteins - as well as gene families that have a more constrained spatio-temporal expression and are involved in development, immunity and olfaction. We also provide a time-course of expression that we used to characterize the transcriptional regulation of the gene families studied.ConclusionWe conclude that the Sf_TR2012b transcriptome is a valid reference transcriptome. While its reliability decreases for the detection and annotation of genes under strong transcriptional constraint we still recover a fair percentage of tissue-specific transcripts. That allowed us to explore the spatial and temporal expression of genes and to observe that some olfactory receptors are expressed in antennae and palps but also in other non related tissues such as fat bodies. Similarly, we observed an interesting interplay of gene families involved in immunity between fat bodies and antennae

Histoire, patrimoine immatériel et identité : la question religieuse au Québec

Le but de cet article est de fournir quelques pistes d’analyse sur la question religieuse au Québec, en étudiant les oscillations constantes entre histoire, patrimonialisation et reconnaissance identitaire, qui traversent cette partie francophone du Canada. Nous tenterons de rendre compte de la manière dont est en train de se définir le patrimoine religieux au Québec, en étudiant le rôle des administrations culturelles, et tout particulièrement du ministère de la Culture québécois. Après un survol rapide de la situation des religions au Québec, cet article abordera ensuite plus précisément les mesures mises en place par le ministère de la Culture québécois pour identifier et faire connaître le patrimoine religieux, tout particulièrement immatériel, de la province.<br>The aim of this article is to display some elements that will help analyzing the religious issue in Quebec, through a study of the lasting interactions between history, heritage building and identity recognition. It will try to assess the way religious heritage is being defined in Quebec, through the study of the role of cultural administrations, more particularly the Ministry of Culture in Québec. After a quick survey of the situation of the various religions in Quebec, it will study more precisely the measures put forward by the Quebec Ministry of Culture in order to identify and let religious heritage of the province (and more particularly its intangible aspects) be more widely known

Un livre politique

Il y a beau temps que la collection «  Cahiers d’ethnologie de la France » n’avait accueilli un ouvrage entrant à ce point en résonance avec les occupations – les préoccupations – de l’institution patrimoniale. Depuis l’orée du siècle et la mise en sommeil du Conseil du patrimoine ethnologique, pour être précis. Créés initialement comme une collection de publication et de diffusion de travaux collectifs (séminaires, actes de colloques), les «  Cahiers » sont progressivement devenus un espace ..

Raconter ou prouver. Récits de découvertes et de non-découvertes de grottes ornées

National audienceStarting in 1879, with the discovery of the paintings of the Altamira cave in Spain, the debate over the antiquity and authenticity of cave art developed in Europe for more than twenty years. The length of this debate reveals the difficulty for prehistorians of the late 19th century to integrate cave art into the scientificity regime, as defined by prehistorian practice since the late 1850s. The story of the discovery was quickly summoned to form the elements of a demonstration of another order, establishing a legend that continued to develop, even when the authenticity was closed.Faced with this model in which the legend stems from the scientificity regime, the numerous stories of the discovery of Lascaux, Montignac (Dordogne), in 1940, reveal a different configuration. At the moment when the cave was immediately inserted, and without questioning, in prehistoric knowledge, the stories of the discovery had to deal with stories of authentication and analysis of the parietal device, making the Lascaux cave reach the rank of a social myth. With Lascaux, the story is based on an interweaving between scientific construction, event narrative, and storytelling.The two archetypes of Altamira and Lascaux's cave discovery narrative weave a grid of analysis that enable us to address the development and treatment of a rumor that spread at the end of 2013 in the region of Montignac, about a "new Lascaux", said to have been seen in the early 1960s but never revealed and then lost. The process is reversed here: it is no longer a question of telling the story of an unexpected discovery, but of bringing about the possibility contained in the story. The search resulted in a non-discovery, but this lack of scientific validation was not unanimously considered as a demonstration that could cut the story short. The story continues to develop, in a process where telling is equivalent to proving.Le débat sur l’ancienneté et l’authenticité de l’art pariétal se développe en Europe pendant plus de vingt ans, à partir de 1879 où se place la découverte des peintures de la grotte d’Altamira en Espagne. La durée de ce débat révèle la difficulté pour les préhistoriens de la fin du XIXe siècle d’intégrer l’art pariétal dans le régime de scientificité, tel que la pratique préhistorienne l’a défini depuis la fin des années 1850. Mais le récit des conditions de la découverte va rapidement être convoqué pour constituer les éléments d’une démonstration d’un autre ordre, instituant une légende qui continuera à se développer, une fois le débat tranché. Face à ce modèle dans lequel la légende naît du régime de scientificité, les nombreux récits de la découverte de Lascaux, à Montignac (Dordogne), intervenue en 1940, révèlent une configuration différente. Au moment où la grotte s’insère aussitôt et sans questionnement dans la connaissance, les récits de découverte composent avec les récits d’authentification et d’analyse du dispositif pariétal, faisant accéder la grotte de Lascaux au rang de mythe social. A Lascaux, le récit se fonde sur une imbrication entre construction scientifique, récit événementiel, et conte.Les deux archétypes de récit de découverte de grottes ornées d’Altamira et Lascaux tissent une grille d’analyse pour aborder le développement et le traitement de la rumeur qui se répand fin 2013 dans la région de Montignac, à propos d’une « nouvelle Lascaux », aperçue au début des années 1960 mais non révélée et aujourd’hui perdue. Le processus est ici inversé : il ne s’agit plus de faire le récit d’une découverte advenue, mais de faire advenir la possibilité contenue dans le récit. La recherche se soldera par une non-découverte, mais cette absence de validation scientifique ne sera pas unanimement considérée comme une démonstration pouvant couper court au récit. Celui-ci continue à se développer, dans un processus où raconter équivaut à prouver

Généralités sur la convention de l'UNESCO pour la sauvegarde du Patrimoine culturel immatériel

Cette conférence a été donnée pendant la tenue du 4e séminaire d'ethnomusicologie de la Caraïbe (organisé par la médiathèque Caraïbe), en lien avec la 20e édition du festival de musiques traditionnelles de Sainte-Anne (Guadeloupe)On se fixe pour but dans ce court exposé de donner des informations générales sur la convention de l'UNESCO pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel : quelles ont été les raisons de sa création, quel a été le contexte de son élaboration, quels sont les points essentiels du texte ? En conclusion, on évoquera les transformations induites par cette convention dans les pratiques et les représentations du patrimoine

Le cheval & ses patrimoines

The horse and its heritage, a web site of the French Ministry of Culture devoted to the horse and to equestrian culture. This article describes briefly the contents of an original website, dedicated to the heritage associated with horses. It gives some information on the issues and orientations that presided over its realisation

Tourisme en préhistoire, l’identité au-delà de toute mémoire

National audienc

Raconter ou prouver. Récits de découvertes et de non-découvertes de grottes ornées

Starting in 1879, with the discovery of the paintings of the Altamira cave in Spain, the debate over the antiquity and authenticity of cave art developed in Europe for more than twenty years. The length of this debate reveals the difficulty for prehistorians of the late 19th century to integrate cave art into the scientificity regime, as defined by prehistorian practice since the late 1850s. The story of the discovery was quickly summoned to form the elements of a demonstration of another order, establishing a legend that continued to develop, even when the authenticity debate was closed.Faced with this model in which the legend stems from the scientificity regime, the numerous stories of the discovery of Lascaux, Montignac (Dordogne), in 1940, reveal a different configuration. At the moment when the cave was immediately inserted, and without questioning, in prehistoric knowledge, the stories of the discovery had to deal with stories of authentication and analysis of the parietal device, making the Lascaux cave reach the rank of a social myth. With Lascaux, the story is based on an interweaving between scientific construction, event narrative, and storytelling.The two archetypes of Altamira and Lascaux's cave discovery narrative weave a grid of analysis that enable us to address the development and treatment of a rumor that spread at the end of 2013 in the region of Montignac, about a « new Lascaux », said to have been seen in the early 1960s but never revealed and then lost. The process is reversed here : it is no longer a question of telling the story of an unexpected discovery, but of bringing about the possibility contained in the story. The search resulted in a non-discovery, but this lack of scientific validation was not unanimously considered as a demonstration that could cut the story short. The story continues to develop, in a process where telling is equivalent to proving