Foreign Bodies Causing Asphyxiation in Children: The Experience of the Buenos Aires Paediatric ORL Clinic

Inhalation or aspiration of a foreign body (FB) occurs relatively frequently in young children. The size, shape, type and site of arrest of the FB lead to variability in the clinical picture. The present study included data from 65 cases of FB inhalation presenting over 1 year at the Children's Hospital Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina, compared with information from four well-known published case series chosen as representative of other cultural and geographical backgrounds: the USA, Europe, North Africa (Egypt) and Asia (India). The mean age of children studied was 4.03 years. Injuries happened mainly at home (53 cases [81.54%]) and under adult supervision (59 cases [90.77%]). The most frequently inhaled FB was nuts, however, in contrast to previous reports, the majority of incidents involved inhalation of an inorganic, rather than an organic (food) FB. Complications included pneumonia (three cases), atelectasis (two cases) and pneumonitis (one case). No deaths were recorded. These data suggest that children play with objects inappropriate for their age, such as pins and nails, that adults may not be aware of the choking risks, and that more effort is required in educating caregivers about these risks

Volatile organic compounds detection by electrical sensors using polyalkylthiophene-based Langmuir–Blodgett films

Despite their environmental and health hazards, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present in our everyday life (e.g., fuels and solvents). Their detection is of paramount importance for environmental and occupational hazards monitoring. Among other technologies, semiconducting polymers show good capabilities in VOCs detection and identification, thanks to the variation of their electronic properties upon VOC exposure. We fabricated and characterized VOCs sensors depositing thin films of regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene) derivatives (rr-P3ATs) and stearic acid (SA) onto gold interdigitated electrodes by Langmuir–Blodgett technique. Poly(3-butylthiophene) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were mixed with SA at different ratios, and their electrical conductivity was used to optimize the film composition. We characterized the optoelectronic and morphological properties of these films, as well as their electrical response to dichloromethane (DCM), tetrahydrofuran and toluene VOC exposure. Both P3AT sensors showed distinct and characteristic responses, highlighting their ability to recognize different VOCs. Moreover, we investigated the sensors saturation and sensitivity to different VOCs. The sensors were still able to detect the VOCs after six cycles, with P3HT remarkably showing no saturation at all for DCM, and the characteristic single VOC response for subsequent exposure to the different VOCs

Red de Investigación en Sistemas Inteligentes. Evaluación continua mediante controles utilizando Moodle

Esta memoria corresponde al trabajo desarrollado durante el curso 2013-2014 por los componentes de la “Red de Investigación en Sistemas Inteligentes. Evaluación continua mediante controles utilizando Moodle”. Código de Red ICE: 3021. En la asignatura Sistemas Inteligentes del grado en Ingeniería Informática, durante el curso 2013-14, se planteó a los estudiantes un sistema de evaluación continua de la parte teórica consistente en la realización de controles on-line utilizando cuestionarios Moodle. En las normas de evaluación de la asignatura, los controles acumulaban toda la materia impartida hasta la fecha y su peso creciente de cara a la obtención de la nota final. Teníamos especial interés en determinar si el sistema resultaba estimulante para los estudiantes debido a considerar que este aspecto es fundamental en el proceso de aprendizaje. La memoria se organiza de la siguiente forma: se inicia analizando la viabilidad de la evaluación continua y su interés pedagógico en nuestro contexto, seguidamente se presenta la metodología empleada, las características de los cuestionarios Moodle, se aportan los estudios que nos han permitido validar nuestra propuesta, las conclusiones y las recomendaciones que permitirán mejorar los procesos y resultados en el futuro

Experimental Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Squirrel Monkeys:The Same Complex Proteinopathy Appearing after Very Different Incubation Times

Incubation periods in humans infected with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agents can exceed 50 years. In humans infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agents, the effects of a “species barrier,” often observed when TSE infections are transmitted from one species to another, would be expected to increase incubation periods compared with transmissions of same infectious agents within the same species. As part of a long-term study investigating the susceptibility to BSE of cell cultures used to produce vaccines, we inoculated squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sp., here designated SQ) with serial dilutions of a bovine brain suspension containing the BSE agent and monitored them for as long as ten years. Previously, we showed that SQ infected with the original “classical” BSE agent (SQ-BSE) developed a neurological disease resembling that seen in humans with variant CJD (vCJD). Here, we report the final characterization of the SQ-BSE model. We observed an unexpectedly marked difference in incubation times between two animals inoculated with the same dilution and volume of the same C-BSE bovine brain extract on the same day. SQ-BSE developed, in addition to spongiform changes and astrogliosis typical of TSEs, a complex proteinopathy with severe accumulations of protease-resistant prion protein (PrP(TSE)), hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), ubiquitin, and α-synuclein, but without any amyloid plaques or β-amyloid protein (Aβ) typical of Alzheimer’s disease. These results suggest that PrP(TSE) enhanced the accumulation of several key proteins characteristically seen in human neurodegenerative diseases. The marked variation in incubation periods in the same experimental TSE should be taken into account when modeling the epidemiology of human TSEs

Excretion of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Infectivity in Urine

Infectivity in hamster urine indicates a possible route of horizontal transmission of natural sheep scrapie and poses a potential risk in human urine-derived pharmaceuticals

Degradation of carbon-based materials under ablative conditions produced by a high enthalpy plasma jet

A stationary experiment was performed to study the degradation of carbon-based materials by immersion in a plasma jet. In the experiment, graphite and C/C composite were chosen as the target materials, and the reactive plasma jet was generated by an air plasma torch. For macroscopic study of the material degradation, the sample’s mass losses were measured as function of the exposure time under various temperatures on the sample surface. A microscopic analysis was then carried out for the study of microscopic aspects of the erosion of material surface. These experiments showed that the mass loss per unit area is approximately proportional to the exposure time and strongly depends on the temperature of the material surface. The mass erosion rate of graphite was appreciably higher than the C/C composite. The ablation rate in the carbon matrix region in C/C composite was also noticeably higher than that in the fiber region. In addition, the latter varied according to the orientation of fibers relatively to the flow direction. These tests indicated an excellent ablation resistance of the C/C composite, thus being a reliable material for rocket nozzles and heat shielding elements of the protection systems of hypersonic apparatuses from aerodynamic heating

Ensino de artes como território de partilha e acolhimento do sujeito

O presente trabalho é um relato da experiência do Núcleo 1 PIBID Artes desenvolvido no Instituto Estadual Professora Gema Angelina Belia atendendo as séries finais do Ensino Fundamental de sexto a nono ano. As atividades foram realizadas de forma remota durante todo o projeto, em contexto pandêmico, apresentando desafios da situação atípica de aulas online, como a falta de acessibilidade dos estudantes à internet, a evasão escolar e, principalmente, a carência afetiva da interação presencial. O propósito deste trabalho é compartilhar as estratégias traçadas para criar alternativas de ensino e aprendizagem acessíveis, analisando os resultados de forma crítica considerando a realidade de cada aluno. As aulas foram estruturadas visando estimular a curiosidade; desenvolver o senso crítico; valorizar e incorporar o repertório cultural dos estudantes; e criar espaços integrativos, através de aulas visualmente atrativas, motivadas por perguntas e jogos expositivos (cênicos, práticos ou virtuais). Também foi produzido material avaliativo de aprendizagem equivalente para os estudantes que não pudessem participar sincronamente. Tendo em vista que os PIBIDianos se encontravam em uma condição semelhante como alunos dentro da universidade, foi natural a busca por abordagens mais sensíveis visando equalizar este fazer sem deixar de abordar as matrizes curriculares. Portanto, verificou-se que uma abordagem que coloca o aluno no centro foi de suma importância para a criação de um espaço, ainda que virtual, em que eles pudessem sentir-se acolhidos e ter liberdade de se expressar, criar e aprender de forma mais motivada, mesmo em situação adversa.This paper is an experience report from Arts’ teaching internship in final years of elementary in a public school. The activities were remotely developed across all the project, during the Covid-19 pandemic, imposing challenges from atypical situation, like the lack of internet access by most students, the school dropout and, mainly, the lack of face-to-face affection interaction. The intention of this paper is to share some applied strategies to create alternatives of accessible teaching and learning, analyzing the results, considering the reality of each student. The objectives of the classes' plans were to encourage curiosity; develop critical sense; worth and embody the cultural repertoire from students; and create integrative spaces, through visually attractive class material, motivated by questions and expositive games (scenics, practicals or virtuals). Also an equivalent evaluation was prepared for the students that can't participate in online classes. Considering that teaching internship was in a similar status as a university student, it was natural to search for a sensible approach aiming to balance the teaching process with the subject curriculum. Therefore, it was observed that an approach that focuses on the student was very important to create a safe space, even if virtual, that they can feel welcomed and free to express themselves, create and learn, despite the adverse situation

Detection of Prion Protein Particles in Blood Plasma of Scrapie Infected Sheep

Prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animals. The agent of the disease is the prion consisting mainly, if not solely, of a misfolded and aggregated isoform of the host-encoded prion protein (PrP). Transmission of prions can occur naturally but also accidentally, e.g. by blood transfusion, which has raised serious concerns about blood product safety and emphasized the need for a reliable diagnostic test. In this report we present a method based on surface-FIDA (fluorescence intensity distribution analysis), that exploits the high state of molecular aggregation of PrP as an unequivocal diagnostic marker of the disease, and show that it can detect infection in blood. To prepare PrP aggregates from blood plasma we introduced a detergent and lipase treatment to separate PrP from blood lipophilic components. Prion protein aggregates were subsequently precipitated by phosphotungstic acid, immobilized on a glass surface by covalently bound capture antibodies, and finally labeled with fluorescent antibody probes. Individual PrP aggregates were visualized by laser scanning microscopy where signal intensity was proportional to aggregate size. After signal processing to remove the background from low fluorescence particles, fluorescence intensities of all remaining PrP particles were summed. We detected PrP aggregates in plasma samples from six out of ten scrapie-positive sheep with no false positives from uninfected sheep. Applying simultaneous intensity and size discrimination, ten out of ten samples from scrapie sheep could be differentiated from uninfected sheep. The implications for ante mortem diagnosis of prion diseases are discussed