An evaluation of the relationship between Gray’s revised RST and Eysenck’s PEN: distinguishing BIS and FFFS in Carver and White’s BIS/BAS scales

Recent revisions of Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) have important implications for self-report measures of approach and avoidance behaviours and how Gray's model relates to other personality models. In this paper, we examine the revised RST by comparing Carver and White's (1994) original one-factor solution of the BIS scale with two alternative two-factor solutions separating BIS-Anxiety and FFFS-Fear. We also examine the relationships between Eysenck's PEN and revised RST factors. Two hundred and twelve participants completed Carver and White's BIS/BAS scales and Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Confirmatory factor analyses of the original BIS scale showed that the hypothesized two-factor model of BIS-Anxiety and FFFS-Fear was the best fit to these data. Associations between the revised RST and Eysenck's PEN were examined using path analysis. In line with theoretical predictions, Psychoticism was related to revised BIS-Anxiety and BAS, Neuroticism to revised BIS-Anxiety and FFFS- Fear, and Extraversion to BAS and FFFS-Fear. Distinctions between BAS subscales and their associations to BIS, N and P were made in terms of past, present and future focus. Possible explanations for mixed findings in the literature and implications for future research are discussed

Stability of adversarial Markov chains, with an application to adaptive MCMC algorithms

We consider whether ergodic Markov chains with bounded step size remain bounded in probability when their transitions are modified by an adversary on a bounded subset. We provide counterexamples to show that the answer is no in general, and prove theorems to show that the answer is yes under various additional assumptions. We then use our results to prove convergence of various adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AAP1083 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Structure of dicarbonylbis-(μ-3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)-bis(4-tolyl diphenylphosphinite)diiridium(I)–dichloromethane (1/1)

In bis(μ-3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl-N:N')-bis[carbonyl( 4-tolyl diphenylphosphinite-P)iridium(I)] dichloromethane solvate, two Ir^I atoms are joined by two 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl bridges with one carbonyl and one 4-tolyl diphenylphosphinite ligand completing the square-planar geometry about each Ir atom. The Ir· · ·Ir distance of 3.307 (1) Å is greater than the distance of 3.22 Å found in a similar pyrazolyl-bridged iridium(I) dimer [Fox (1989). PhD dissertation, California Institute of Technology, USA]

Classification cards applied to team and individual learning.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Cultured Alveolar Epithelial Cells From Septic Rats Mimic In Vivo Septic Lung

Sepsis results in the formation of pulmonary edema by increasing in epithelial permeability. Therefore we hypothesized that alveolar epithelial cells isolated from septic animals develop tight junctions with different protein composition and reduced barrier function relative to alveolar epithelial cells from healthy animals. Male rats (200–300g) were sacrificed 24 hours after cecal ligation and double puncture (2CLP) or sham surgery. Alveolar epithelial cells were isolated and plated on fibronectin-coated flexible membranes or permeable, non-flexible transwell substrates. After a 5 day culture period, cells were either lysed for western analysis of tight junction protein expressin (claudin 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 18, occludin, ZO-1, and JAM-A) and MAPk (JNK, ERK, an p38) signaling activation, or barrier function was examined by measuring transepithelial resistance (TER) or the flux of two molecular tracers (5 and 20 Å). Inhibitors of JNK (SP600125, 20 µM) and ERK (U0126, 10 µM) were used to determine the role of these pathways in sepsis induced epithelial barrier dysfunction. Expression of claudin 4, claudin 18, and occludin was significantly lower, and activation of JNK and ERK signaling pathways was significantly increased in 2CLP monolayers, relative to sham monolayers. Transepithelial resistance of the 2CLP monolayers was reduced significantly compared to sham (769 and 1234 ohm-cm2, respectively), however no significant difference in the flux of either tracer was observed. Inhibition of ERK, not JNK, significantly increased TER and expression of claudin 4 in 2CLP monolayers, and prevented significant differences in claudin 18 expression between 2CLP and sham monolayers. We conclude that alveolar epithelial cells isolated from septic animals form confluent monolayers with impaired barrier function compared to healthy monolayers, and inhibition of ERK signaling partially reverses differences between these monolayers. This model provides a unique preparation for probing the mechanisms by which sepsis alters alveolar epithelium

Bespoke Photoreductants: Tungsten Arylisocyanides

Modular syntheses of oligoarylisocyanide ligands that are derivatives of 2,6-diisopropylphenyl isocyanide (CNdipp) have been developed; tungsten complexes incorporating these oligoarylisocyanide ligands exhibit intense metal-to-ligand charge-transfer visible absorptions that are red-shifted and more intense than those of the parent W(CNdipp)_6 complex. Additionally, these W(CNAr)_6 complexes have enhanced excited-state properties, including longer lifetimes and very high quantum yields. The decay kinetics of electronically excited W(CNAr)_6 complexes (*W(CNAr)_6) show solvent dependences; faster decay is observed in higher dielectric solvents. *W(CNAr)_6 lifetimes are temperature dependent, suggestive of a strong coupling nonradiative decay mechanism that promotes repopulation of the ground state. Notably, *W(CNAr)_6 complexes are exceptionally strong reductants: [W(CNAr)_6]+/*W(CNAr)_6 potentials are more negative than −2.7 V vs [Cp_2Fe]^+/Cp_2Fe

Emission Spectroscopic Properties of the Red Form of Dichloro(2,2‘-bipyridine)platinum(II). Role of Intermolecular Stacking Interactions

The structure of the red form of Pt(bpy)Cl_2 (bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine) has been studied by variable-temperature X-ray crystallography. The stack of square-planar Pt(bpy)Cl_2 units in the linear-chain material contracts with decreasing temperature; in the interval between 294 and 20 K, the platinum−platinum distance shortens from 3.449(1) to 3.370(2) Å. Both absorption and emission spectra of the red compound depend strikingly on temperature; as previously found for tetracyanoplatinate salts, the emission maximum red-shifts as the temperature drops (613 nm at 300 K; 651 nm at 10 K), with the peak energy decreasing linearly with the inverse cube of the metal−metal separation