10 research outputs found
New molecular approaches in adipogenesis regulation: The connexin 43 role
Indexación: Scopus; Redalyc.La prevalencia de la obesidad a nivel mundial se ha incrementado
rápidamente durante los últimos años debido principalmente
a los cambios en el estilo de vida de la población
con un aumento significativo en el consumo de energía y disminución
de los niveles de actividad física. Es por esto que
la comunidad científica está interesada en comprender de
forma más profunda los mecanismos que regulan la fisiopatología
de la obesidad. Dentro de los diferentes blancos de
estudio se encuentra la adipogénesis, cuyo entendimiento es
fundamental para comprender el desarrollo de la obesidad y
las patologías asociadas a esta. Recientemente ha surgido
importantes evidencias que involucran a la proteína de canales
de “Gap Junction” conexina 43 (Cx43) en la regulación
de los procesos relacionados con adipogénesis, cuyo papel
es básicamente anti-adipogénico, sin embargo, nuevas funciones
de Cx43 en la regulación de la formación del tejido
adiposo siguen descubriéndose.The global prevalence of obesity has been increased rapidly
over the past few years mainly due to changes in the lifestyle
of the population with a significant increase in energy
consumption and decreased levels of physical activity. As a
result, the scientific community is interested in a deeper understanding
of the mechanisms that regulate the pathophysiology
of obesity. In this context, adipogenesis process is an
important target of study to understand the obesity and associated
pathologies. Recently has been emerged important
evidence that involve gap junction channel protein connexin
43 (Cx43) in the regulation of processes related to adipogenesis,
whose role is fundamentally anti-adipogenic. However,
new functions of Cx43 in the regulation of adipose tissue
function also continued to emerge.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990800
Medical imaging: Foundations and scope
Indexación: Scopus; Radalyc.En la actualidad es innegable la utilidad de las diversas modalidades
de imagenología médica como apoyo clínico tanto en
la generación de diagnósticos de un buen número de enfermedades
como en la planeación de tratamientos tendientes a
proporcionar una alternativa de solución a las personas que,
por una u otra razón, manifiestan algún desequilibrio en su
salud. Entre las modalidades imagenológicas que, frecuentemente,
se utilizan en el ámbito médico se pueden mencionar:
Ultrasonido (US), Resonancia Magnética (MRI), Tomografía
Computarizada sencilla (CT) y multicapa (MSCT), Tomografía
Computarizada por Emisión de Positrones (PET) y Tomografía
Computarizada por Emisión de Fotones simples (SPECT).
En este sentido, este artículo tiene como finalidad presentar
una descripción ordenada, coherente y sistemática de cada
una de las mencionadas modalidades y establecer la vinculación
de la MSCT con situaciones clínicas íntimamente relacionadas
con la anatomía cardiaca y procesos de hipertensión.
La razón por la cual se hace énfasis en la MSCT es debido a
que, por una parte, se cuenta con un número importante de
bases de datos tanto de sujetos fisiológicos como de sujetos
patológicos y, por la otra, que se tiene previsto presentar un
conjunto de técnicas computacionales que serán exploradas
en el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones en el contexto de
aspectos anatómico-cardiológicos que influyen directa o indirectamente
en la aparición, desarrollo y prevalencia de procesos
hipertensivos.Nowdays, several forms of medical imaging are usefulness in
clinical support for both diagnostics diseases generation and
treatment planning designed to provide an alternative solution
to people who, for one or another reason, manifest an
imbalance in your health. Among the imaging modalities that
frequently are used in the medical field may include: Ultrasound
(US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), simple computed
tomography (CT) and multilayer computed tomography
(MSCT), CT positron emission tomography (PET) Computed
tomography and single photon emission (SPECT). In this sense,
this article presents an orderly, coherent and systematic
description of these modalities and it establishes relationship
with the MSCT modality and clinical situations closely related
to cardiac anatomy and hypertension processes. The reason
emphasis on MSCT is done is because, on the one hand, we
have a large number of databases both physiological subjects
and pathological subjects and, on the other, we plan to
present a set of computational techniques that will be explored
in future research, in the context of cardiologic anatomical
aspects, with directly or indirectly influence in the emergence,
development and prevalence of hypertensive processes.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990700
Comparison of fiber effect on glycemic index and glycemic load in differents types of bread
Indexación: Scopus; Redalyc.Existen diversos alimentos que contienen como nutriente
principal hidratos de carbono, destacando entre ellos el pan
por su masivo consumo a nivel mundial. Numerosos estudios
se han llevado a cabo con el fin de reducir su índice glicémico,
sin embargo, aún existe controversia sobre la acción de
la fibra dietética en la disminución del IG en este alimento.
Este estudio determinó el efecto de la fibra dietética sobre el
índice glicémico y carga glicémica en dos tipos de panes comerciales
en 23 individuos sanos quienes consumieron aleatoriamente
3 diferentes productos, de 50 g de carbohidratos
cada uno, durante 6 días: pan blanco (PH), pan integral (PF),
y solución glucosada como producto de referencia (SG). Se
midió glicemia en ayunas y post-prandial a los tiempos 15,
30, 45, 60, 90 y 120 min. La insulina fue medida en el minuto
0 y 120 min. El área bajo la curva de glicemia resultó
más baja para ambos tipos de pan PH 13589 ±1557, PF
12005 ±1254 que para el producto de referencia SG 14089
±1245. Los valores del índice glicémico PH 68,55 ±1,2 y PF
62,10 ±1,3 y carga glicémica PH 16,45 ±1,4 resultaron más
bajos para el pan con mayor aporte de fibra 9,93 ± 1,1, sin
diferencias en la concentración de insulina, sugiriendo que
la cantidad de carbohidratos y tipo de fibra contenidos en el
pan integral, pueden considerarse factores intrínsecos en su
composición nutricional, capaces de afectar la respuesta glicémica
post- ingesta de estos productos en individuos sanos.There are several foods that contain carbohydrates as the
main nutrient, being one of the most important the bread for
its massive worldwide consumption. Numerous studies have
been done in order to reduce its glycemic index, however
there is still controversy about the action of dietary fiber in the
decrease of GI in this product. In this study, it was determined
the effect of dietetic fiber on glycemic index and glycemic load
in two types of commercial breads in 23 healthy individuals
who randomly consumed 3 different products during 6 days
of 50g of carbohydrates each: white bread (PH), whole wheat
bread (PE) and glucose solution as reference product (SG).
Fasting and postprandial glycemia was measured at times
15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Insuline was measured
at 0 min and 120 min. The area under de glycemia curve
was lower for both bread types PH 13589 ±1557, PF 12005
±1254 than for the reference product SG 14089 ±1245. The
values of the glycemic index PH 68,55 ±1,2 and PF 62,01
±1,3 and glycemic load PH 16.45 ±1,4 were lower for bread
with more amount fiber 9,93 ± 1,1, with no difference in insulin
concentration, suggesting that the amount of carbohydrates
and fiber type contained in whole wheat bread can
be considered intrinsic factors in bread composition, affecting
the post-intake glycemic response of this type of products in
healthy individuals.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990800
Effect of oat β-glucan on glycemic index and glycemic load of a nutritional supplement sweetened with sucralose in healthy adults: A randomized clinical trial
Indexación: Scopus; RedalycLas propiedades hipoglicemiantes del β-glucano de avena
son de interés para la industria alimentaria y el área clínica,
por sus potenciales beneficios sobre la salud al disminuir la
respuesta glicémica, el nivel sérico de lipoproteínas de baja
densidad y el índice glicémico de los alimentos. Existen suplementos
nutricionales específicos para diabéticos edulcorados
con sucralosa cuyo índice glicémico y carga glicémica
aún no han sido establecidos. El efecto del β-glucano de
avena sobre el índice glicémico y carga glicémica de un suplemento
nutricional edulcorado con sucralosa, fue determinado
en 13 adultos sanos (6 hombres y 7 mujeres), quienes
consumieron aleatoriamente 4 alimentos en días distintos, de
50 g de carbohidratos cada uno: suplemento nutricional para
diabéticos (FN), suplemento nutricional con β-glucano (FN-
β), y como productos de referencia: solución glucosada (SG)
y pan blanco (PB). Se midió glicemia en ayunas y post- prandial
a los tiempos 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 y 120 min. El área bajo
la curva de glicemia resultó más baja para ambas fórmulas
(FN) 12697±993, (FN-β) 11584 ±1171, que para los productos
de referencia:(SG) 13900±1245, y (PB) 13267 ± 1557.
Los valores de índice glicémico (FN) 67,02 ± 5,69, así como
la carga glicémica resultaron intermedios y más bajos para el
suplemento con β-glucano incorporado (FN –β) 59,8 ± 6,2;
sin diferencias en la concentración de insulina, sugiriendo
que la adición del β-glucano derivado de la avena reduce la
velocidad de absorción intestinal de la glucosa, efecto que
podría estudiarse en diabéticos.The hypoglycemic properties of oat β-glucan is of interest
for the food industry and clinical area, for potencial health
benefits by reducing glycemic response, serum low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol, and glycemic index of meals. There
are specific nutritional supplements for diabetics sweetened
with sucralose whose glycemic index and glycemic load has
not been established. Effect of oat β-glucan on glycemic
index and glycemic load of a nutritional supplement sweetened
with sucralose in healthy adults was determined in 13
healthy subjects (6 men and 7 women) old that consumed
randomly 4 meals of 50 g of carbohydrates each in different
days: a nutritional supplement for diabetics (FN), the nutritional
supplement with β-glucan incorporated (FN-β) and two
reference food, glucose solution (SG) and white bread (PB).
Fasting and postprandial glycemia was measured at times
15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The area under the glycemia
curve was lower for both formulas (FN) 12697±993, (FN-β)
11584 ±1171 than for reference products (SG) 13900±1245,
y (PB) 13267 ± 1557. The values of glycemic index (GI) (FN)
67, 02 ± 5,69 and glycemic load were intermediate and more
lower for the supplement with β-glucan incorporated (FN –β)
59, 8 ± 6,2, with no difference of insulin concentration . Suggesting
that the addition of oat-derived β-glucan reduces the
rate of intestinal absorption of glucose. This effect should be
studied in diabetic.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990800
Effect of Intraoperative High Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) with Recruitment Maneuvers vs Low PEEP on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Obese Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Importance: An intraoperative higher level of positive end-expiratory positive pressure (PEEP) with alveolar recruitment maneuvers improves respiratory function in obese patients undergoing surgery, but the effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain. Objective: To determine whether a higher level of PEEP with alveolar recruitment maneuvers decreases postoperative pulmonary complications in obese patients undergoing surgery compared with a lower level of PEEP. Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized clinical trial of 2013 adults with body mass indices of 35 or greater and substantial risk for postoperative pulmonary complications who were undergoing noncardiac, nonneurological surgery under general anesthesia. The trial was conducted at 77 sites in 23 countries from July 2014-February 2018; final follow-up: May 2018. Interventions: Patients were randomized to the high level of PEEP group (n = 989), consisting of a PEEP level of 12 cm H2O with alveolar recruitment maneuvers (a stepwise increase of tidal volume and eventually PEEP) or to the low level of PEEP group (n = 987), consisting of a PEEP level of 4 cm H2O. All patients received volume-controlled ventilation with a tidal volume of 7 mL/kg of predicted body weight. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was a composite of pulmonary complications within the first 5 postoperative days, including respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchospasm, new pulmonary infiltrates, pulmonary infection, aspiration pneumonitis, pleural effusion, atelectasis, cardiopulmonary edema, and pneumothorax. Among the 9 prespecified secondary outcomes, 3 were intraoperative complications, including hypoxemia (oxygen desaturation with Spo2 ≤92% for >1 minute). Results: Among 2013 adults who were randomized, 1976 (98.2%) completed the trial (mean age, 48.8 years; 1381 [69.9%] women; 1778 [90.1%] underwent abdominal operations). In the intention-to-treat analysis, the primary outcome occurred in 211 of 989 patients (21.3%) in the high level of PEEP group compared with 233 of 987 patients (23.6%) in the low level of PEEP group (difference, -2.3% [95% CI, -5.9% to 1.4%]; risk ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.83 to 1.04]; P =.23). Among the 9 prespecified secondary outcomes, 6 were not significantly different between the high and low level of PEEP groups, and 3 were significantly different, including fewer patients with hypoxemia (5.0% in the high level of PEEP group vs 13.6% in the low level of PEEP group; difference, -8.6% [95% CI, -11.1% to 6.1%]; P <.001). Conclusions and Relevance: Among obese patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, an intraoperative mechanical ventilation strategy with a higher level of PEEP and alveolar recruitment maneuvers, compared with a strategy with a lower level of PEEP, did not reduce postoperative pulmonary complications. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02148692
Effect of Intraoperative High Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) With Recruitment Maneuvers vs Low PEEP on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Obese Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
IMPORTANCE An intraoperative higher level of positive end-expiratory positive pressure (PEEP) with alveolar recruitment maneuvers improves respiratory function in obese patients undergoing surgery, but the effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain
Effect of intraoperative high Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) with recruitment maneuvers vs low PEEP on postoperative pulmonary complications in obese patients : a randomized clinical trial
IMPORTANCE An intraoperative higher level of positive end-expiratory positive pressure (PEEP) with alveolar recruitment maneuvers improves respiratory function in obese patients undergoing surgery, but the effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain.
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a higher level of PEEP with alveolar recruitment maneuvers decreases postoperative pulmonary complications in obese patients undergoing surgery compared with a lower level of PEEP.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized clinical trial of 2013 adults with body mass indices of 35 or greater and substantial risk for postoperative pulmonary complications who were undergoing noncardiac, nonneurological surgery under general anesthesia. The trial was conducted at 77 sites in 23 countries from July 2014-February 2018; final follow-up: May 2018.
INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to the high level of PEEP group (n = 989), consisting of a PEEP level of 12 cm H2O with alveolar recruitment maneuvers (a stepwise increase of tidal volume and eventually PEEP) or to the low level of PEEP group (n = 987), consisting of a PEEP level of 4 cm H2O. All patients received volume-controlled ventilation with a tidal volume of 7 mL/kg of predicted body weight.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomewas a composite of pulmonary complications within the first 5 postoperative days, including respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchospasm, new pulmonary infiltrates, pulmonary infection, aspiration pneumonitis, pleural effusion, atelectasis, cardiopulmonary edema, and pneumothorax. Among the 9 prespecified secondary outcomes, 3 were intraoperative complications, including hypoxemia (oxygen desaturation with SpO(2) 1 minute).
RESULTS Among 2013 adults who were randomized, 1976 (98.2%) completed the trial (mean age, 48.8 years; 1381 [69.9%] women; 1778 [90.1%] underwent abdominal operations). In the intention-to-treat analysis, the primary outcome occurred in 211 of 989 patients (21.3%) in the high level of PEEP group compared with 233 of 987 patients (23.6%) in the low level of PEEP group (difference, -2.3%[95% CI, -5.9% to 1.4%]; risk ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.83 to 1.04]; P =.23). Among the 9 prespecified secondary outcomes, 6 were not significantly different between the high and low level of PEEP groups, and 3 were significantly different, including fewer patients with hypoxemia (5.0% in the high level of PEEP group vs 13.6% in the low level of PEEP group; difference, -8.6%[95% CI, -11.1% to 6.1%]; P <.001).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among obese patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, an intraoperative mechanical ventilation strategy with a higher level of PEEP and alveolar recruitment maneuvers, compared with a strategy with a lower level of PEEP, did not reduce postoperative pulmonary complications