Traduire la poésie: l'action du style. Erba et Luzi traducteurs de Michaux.

Il testo rielabora un seminario tenuto all’Università di Bologna il 28 marzo 2012 nel quadro del corso di Traduzione francese di Giovanni Tallarico e sotto il patrocinio del CeSLiC. Accantonando il dibattito sull’intraducibilità della poesia, l’autrice si propone d’indagare che cosa la traduzione poetica possa effettivamente tradurre, articolando un percorso in due sezioni: un’introduzione a carattere teorico corredata da esempi, seguita da un saggio di analisi testuale. Nella prima sezione si individua nell’apertura metaforica il modo di significare caratteristico del testo poetico moderno (Renzi 1991). Si osserva il modo in cui questa apertura si genera nel testo attraverso l’azione dello stile. Rifiutando, sulla scorta di Meschonnic (1969), d’intendere lo stile come ‘scarto dalla norma’, si giunge a definirlo piuttosto come l’istituzione di un sistema di corrispondenza inedito tra significato e significante, in un processo di rimotivazione del rapporto segnico (Risset 2011) che è proprio del testo letterario. Lo stile investe perciò tutti i livelli del significante, dall’ordine delle parole al tratto pertinente del singolo fonema, e a tutti i livelli si può sorprenderne l’azione osservando l’intreccio tra il piano dell’equivalenza e quello della differenza (Jakobson 1987a). Proseguendo la riflessione, si osserva che le virtualità dello stile inscritte nel testo si dispiegano nello spazio e nel tempo di una particolare tradizione, assumendo in essa valori specifici differenti e mutevoli nel corso delle generazioni. L’incommensurabilità tra diverse tradizioni recide la possibilità di una qualsiasi sostituibilità o equivalenza tra testo originale e testo tradotto, che sono piuttosto termini distinti di una relazione. Questo aspetto è sviluppato con riferimento alla riflessione di Fortini (1987 e 2011) da cui viene mutuata la distinzione fra tre tipi di traduzione: parafrasi, traduzione d’arte e rifacimento. La riflessione introduttiva è illustrata, nella seconda parte, attraverso l’analisi di un componimento di Henri Michaux, La Cordillera de los Andes, a fronte delle traduzioni italiane di Luciano Erba e di Mario Luzi. La prima tende a levigare le asperità lessicali, metriche e sintattiche dell’originale, muta il quadro enunciativo del testo e ne scongolge l’impianto assiologico. La seconda opera più sottilmente con sfumature di registro e lievi sfasamenti semantici, aprendolo ad una dimensione trascendente. Lo studio fornisce alcuni punti di riferimento essenziali in merito al dibattito sulla traduzione poetica nel Novecento. Accetta l’ipotesi che la traduzione poetica possa mirare a tradurre un sistema stilistico, ferma restando la diversità dei valori che questo assumerà entro la letteratura della lingua d’arrivo. Illustra infine, attraverso un’analisi originale, i modi concreti e le diverse misure in cui due poeti-traduttori trasformano il medesimo testo originale attingendo alle proprie diverse poetiche e risorse stilistiche

Women in the Social Policy of the Second Polish Republic

The system of support for women within the framework of the social policy of the Second Polish Republic included: the adequate regulations of work legislation, the rules of social insurance, the activities towards the maternity protection of the insured and, finally, social services directly or indirectly provided to women by the central as well as local governments. These activities were extensive and, in many cases, very modern. What is more, they were directed towards solving the most important social problems of women. However, rather than common, the scope of those activities was very limited and selective. Moreover, the implementation of those activities was not always in accordance with the plans and expectations of their authors. From the point of view of the existing social needs, the most advanced solutions were those which resulted from a privileged position of women in the work legislation and the system of health insurance. The problem of the insignificant influence always had its roots in the socio-professional structure of the country. Only women in employment or covered by the insurance could receive the benefits. For the rest the offer was no longer that beneficial

Picnic Ingredients

With the coming of May everyone yields to the spell of the picnic atmosphere and mother and sister begin preparations for a picnic with the usual question, What shall we take? Most people make the mistake of having too great a variety. It is much better to have plenty of a few appropriate things rather than a small amount of many dishes. Why not apply the following general recipe to all of our picnics

Perbandingan Antara Perkiraan Umur Kehamilan Melalui Hpmt (Hari Pertama Menstruasi Terakhir) Dengan Ultrasonografi Diameter Biparietal Fetus Pada Trimester Ketiga Di Rsud Dr.Moewardi Surakarta

Menurut sabbagha (1997) mortalitas perinatal dapat terlihat empat kali lebih besar untuk ibu hamil yang tidak mengetahui secara pasti umur kehamilannya. Menurut pritchard (2006), resiko kematian perinatal dapat dikurangi dengan mengetahui secara pasti umur kehamilan ibu hamil. Ultrasonografi adalah sebuah alat yang dapat memberikan gambaran umur kehamilan secara akurat dengan menggunakan beberapa parameter antara lain BPD (Biparietal Diameter), FL (Femur Length), HC (Head circumference), AC (Abdomen Circumference). Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan parameter BPD karena menurut Prawirohardjo (2007) BPD adalah parameter yang sering digunakan untuk fetus trimester kedua dan ketiga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan hasil perkiraan umur kehamilan melalui HPMT dengan Ultrasonografi BPD di RSUD DR.MOEWARDI SURAKARTA. Jenis penelitian adalah analitik observasional. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diambil dari rekam medik Kebidanan dan Penyakit Kandungan RSUD DR.MOEWARDI SURAKARTA periode Januari 2010 sampai Desember 2010. Sampel sebanyak 50 sampel ibu hamil trimester ketiga. Uji statistik menggunakan uji Spearman (SPSS versi 17 for windows) dengan derajat kemaknaan p < 0,05. Dari 50 sampel, sebanyak 23 sampel (46%) ada kesesuaian hasil perkiraan umur kehamilan melalui BPD dan HPMT dan 27 sampel (54%) tidak sesuai perkiraan umur kehamilan melalui HPMT dan BPD. Uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara perkiraan umur kehamilan melalui HPMT dan BPD (p = 0,00)

Two and One-half Miles Saved a Day - Feat of Mrs. Carl Rone of Worth County

What the efficiency engineer is to the . manufacturer the extension worker is to the housewife. How Mrs. Rone, an Iowa homemaker, saved an hour and a half a day, and cut in half the number of steps usually taken in preparing her daily meals, is the fascinating story brought in by Miss Gertrude Lynn of the extension department

The scope of responsibility of employers towards workers’ families in the Second Republic of Poland

The aim of this article is the presentation of the scope of responsibility of employers towards workers’ families in Poland in the interwar period. The article also shows how those duties were fulfilled. This issue appeared in Europe with the development of social insurance programmes and labour laws. The Second Republic of Poland built its own legal system for employees’ families. It included health insurance and benefits, families’ pensions and funeral allowances. Certain obligations were also imposed on employers in the context of labour law. The most important was the obligation to open nursery schools for the children of women who worked in factories.Publication of English-language versions of the volumes of the "Annales. Ethics in Economic Life" financed through contract no. 501/1/P-DUN/2017 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education devoted to the promotion of scholarship

ALONG THE ROAD TO STALINISM: SOCIAL POLICY IN POLAND BETWEEN 1944 AND 1950

This article presents the transformations that occurred in Polish social policy between 1944 and 1950. The aim is to show the evolution of a fundamental reorientation of the ideas, objectives, and activities of Polish social policy, or even the actual dismantling of its many traditional elements, brought about by an ideological rationale. Through this process, the activities of the state authorities, instead of being aimed at solving social issues, became an instrument for supporting the processes of Socialist industrialization. This was yet another element of the socioeconomic transformations that took place in Poland, with the aim of adapting the system to the Soviet model. Towards the end of the period in question, Polish social policy became a part of the Stalinist system. The result was not only the redefinition of its objectives, but also fundamental changes to the way the social activities of the state were undertaken. This led to the use of fewer instruments, and a noticeable limitation to activities aimed at minimizing the numerous postwar social problems

De l’inspiration musicale au tableau impressionniste : la fin du symbolisme dans le recueil Ossi di seppia d’Eugenio Montale

On décèle une sensibilité impressionniste dans les poèmes les plus anciens de Ossi di seppia (1925), influencés par la musique de Claude Debussy. Cette première manière, théorisée dans le journal du poète dans l’année 1917, est bientôt abandonnée dans la recherche d’un style plus narratif, à l’articulation logique plus complexe. Dès les poèmes marins des années vingt, on observe des sortes de brefs tableaux qui mettent à distance l’inspiration impressionniste, en l’associant à une vision paradisiaque et illusoire, de même qu’ils expriment la prise de congé par rapport à la poésie symboliste.Although, under the influence of the music of Claude Debussy, an impressionistic sensibility can be discerned in the early poems of Ossi di seppia (1925), this first manner, theorised in the poet’s diary in 1917, is soon abandoned for a more narrative style with more logical articulations. As early as the first years of the nineteen twenties, one can observe in the marine poems, brief sketches which distance themselves from impressionistic inspiration which is henceforth associated with an idyllic and deceptive vision of reality, these poems also show also a certain distancing from symbolist poetry

The Range of Responsibility of Employers Towards Workers’ Families in the Second Republic of Poland

The aim of this article is the presentation of the range of responsibility of employers towards workers’ families in Poland in the interwar period. The article also shows how these duties were realised. This problem appeared in Europe with the development of a social insurance programme and labour law. The Second Republic of Poland built its own law system for employees’ families. It included health insurance and benefits, families’ pensions and funeral allowances. Certain obligations were also imposed on employers in the context of labour law. The most important was the obligation to open nursery schools for children of women who worked in factories

Analisis Terhadap Data Penjualan Produk Kebutuhan Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Algoritma Apriori

Data mining merupakan teknik penambangan informasi dan pengetahuan berharga dari suatu database yang besar jumlahnya. Data mining mampu menganalisa data yang besar menjadi informasi berupa pola yang mempunyai makna sebagai alat pendukung keputusan. Salah satu teknik data mining yang dapat digunakan adalah association data mining atau yang biasa disebut dengan istilah market basket analysis. Market basket didefinisikan sebagai suatu itemset yang dibeli secara bersamaan oleh pelanggan dalam suatu transaksi. Market basket analysis adalah suatu alat yang ampuh untuk pelaksanaan strategi cross-selling. Metode ini dimulai dengan mencari sejumlah frequent itemset dan dilanjutkan dengan pembentukan aturan-aturan asosiasi (association rules). Dalam penelitian ini akan digunakan algoritma Apriori untuk membantu menemukan sejumlah aturan asosiasi dari kumpulan data transaksi penjualan produk rumah tangga di Toko Horas, sehingga output yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam menerapkan strategi penjualan yang lebih baik