THE MANAGEMENT OF MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN AVIATION INDUSTRY

<p>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper reports on research into the technology transfer activities of South African aviation industry companies. The technologies surrounding the maintenance function were investigated, since this is one of the main functions in this industry. The investigation shows the extent to which technology is transferred from external sources to the individual companies. The investigation was also extended to cover internal technology transfer. The result of the investigation indicated the sources of technology, the mechanisms used for transfer, and the barriers to the transfer process both for internal and external technology transfer. The paper concludes with a look into what the future may hold for maintenance in the aviation industry given the current trend in technology development.</p><p>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie artikel beskryf navorsing oor die tegnologie-oordrag aktiwiteite van Suid-Afrikaanse lugvaartnywerheidmaatskappye. Die tegnologieë wat verband hou met die onderhoudfunksie is ondersoek, aangesien dit een van die hooffunksies in dié nywerheidsektor is. Die ondersoek toon die omvang van tegnologie-oordrag van eksterne bronne na individuele maatskappye. Die ondersoek is uitgebrei om ook interne tegnologie-oordrag in te sluit. Die resultaat van die ondersoek het die bronne van tegnologie, die oordrag-meganismes en die versperrings tot interne en eksterne oordrag, geïdentifiseer. Die artikel sluit af met n toekomsblik vir instandhouding vir die lugvaartnywerheid in die lig van huidige neigings in tegnologiese ontwikkeling.</p&gt

A REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER MECHANISMS

<p>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper gives a review of the theory of technology transfer mechanisms. It is intended as an overview for practitioners. Technology transfer is defined and the technology transfer process discussed. Various technology transfer management tools are presented, such as technology reviews, technology space maps, and technology balance sheets. It concludes with the application of the theory in the form of a new proposed model for technology transfer. The aim of the model is to introduce the basic activities involved in a technology transfer project. The model can be used in a formal technology transfer strategy from the early planning stages, through the measuring of progress and output of the project to the post review of the project.</p><p>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie artikel gee ‘n oorsig van tegnologie-oordrag meganismes. Dit word aangebied as ‘n oorsig vir praktisyns. Tegnologie-oordrag word gedefineer en die tegnologie-oordrag proses word in bespreek. Verskeie tegnologie-oordrag bestuursgereedskap, soos tegnologie oorsigte, tegnologie ruimtekaarte en tegnologie balansstate word voorgehou. Ter afsluiting word die toepassing van die teorie in die vorm van ‘n nuwe voorgestelde model vir tegnologie-oordrag voorgehou. Die doel van die model is om die basiese aktiwiteite waaruit ‘n tegnologie-oordrag projek bestaan duidelik na vore te bring. Die model is geskik vir gebruik as deel van ‘n formele tegnologie-oordrag strategie vanaf die vroeë beplanningsfases, deur die meting van vordering en die uitset van die projek, tot die nabetragting na afloop van die projek.</p&gt

A review of technology transfer mechanisms

This paper gives a review of the theory of technology transfer mechanisms. It is intended as an overview for practitioners. Technology transfer is defined and the technology transfer process discussed. Various technology transfer management tools are presented, such as technology reviews, technology space maps, and technology balance sheets. It concludes with the application of the theory in the form of a new proposed model for technology transfer. The aim of the model is to introduce the basic activities involved in a technology transfer project. The model can be used in a formal technology transfer strategy from the early planning stages, through the measuring of progress and output of the project to the post review of the project.Hierdie artikel gee ‘n oorsig van tegnologie-oordrag meganismes. Dit word aangebied as ‘n oorsig vir praktisyns. Tegnologie-oordrag word gedefineer en die tegnologie-oordrag proses word in bespreek. Verskeie tegnologie-oordrag bestuursgereedskap, soos tegnologie oorsigte, tegnologie ruimtekaarte en tegnologie balansstate word voorgehou. Ter afsluiting word die toepassing van die teorie in die vorm van ‘n nuwe voorgestelde model vir tegnologie-oordrag voorgehou. Die doel van die model is om die basiese aktiwiteite waaruit ‘n tegnologie-oordrag projek bestaan duidelik na vore te bring. Die model is geskik vir gebruik as deel van ‘n formele tegnologie-oordrag strategie vanaf die vroeë beplanningsfases, deur die meting van vordering en die uitset van die projek, tot die nabetragting na afloop van die projek

The management of maintenance technology transfer in the South African aviation industry

This paper reports on research into the technology transfer activities of South African aviation industry companies. The technologies surrounding the maintenance function were investigated, since this is one of the main functions in this industry. The investigation shows the extent to which technology is transferred from external sources to the individual companies. The investigation was also extended to cover internal technology transfer. The result of the investigation indicated the sources of technology, the mechanisms used for transfer, and the barriers to the transfer process both for internal and external technology transfer. The paper concludes with a look into what the future may hold for maintenance in the aviation industry given the current trend in technology development.Hierdie artikel beskryf navorsing oor die tegnologie-oordrag aktiwiteite van Suid-Afrikaanse lugvaartnywerheidmaatskappye. Die tegnologieë wat verband hou met die onderhoudfunksie is ondersoek, aangesien dit een van die hooffunksies in dié nywerheidsektor is. Die ondersoek toon die omvang van tegnologie-oordrag van eksterne bronne na individuele maatskappye. Die ondersoek is uitgebrei om ook interne tegnologie-oordrag in te sluit. Die resultaat van die ondersoek het die bronne van tegnologie, die oordrag-meganismes en die versperrings tot interne en eksterne oordrag, geïdentifiseer. Die artikel sluit af met 'n toekomsblik vir instandhouding vir die lugvaartnywerheid in die lig van huidige neigings in tegnologiese ontwikkeling

<i>De Novo</i> Mutations in Protein Kinase Genes <i>CAMK2A</i> and <i>CAMK2B</i> Cause Intellectual Disability

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) is one of the first proteins shown to be essential for normal learning and synaptic plasticity in mice, but its requirement for human brain development has not yet been established. Through a multi-center collaborative study based on a whole-exome sequencing approach, we identified 19 exceedingly rare de novo CAMK2A or CAMK2B variants in 24 unrelated individuals with intellectual disability. Variants were assessed for their effect on CAMK2 function and on neuronal migration. For both CAMK2A and CAMK2B, we identified mutations that decreased or increased CAMK2 auto-phosphorylation at Thr286/Thr287. We further found that all mutations affecting auto-phosphorylation also affected neuronal migration, highlighting the importance of tightly regulated CAMK2 auto-phosphorylation in neuronal function and neurodevelopment. Our data establish the importance of CAMK2A and CAMK2B and their auto-phosphorylation in human brain function and expand the phenotypic spectrum of the disorders caused by variants in key players of the glutamatergic signaling pathwa