La péninsule arabique aujourd’hui. Tome II

Voici le second tome de la péninsule Arabique d’aujourd’hui, ouvrage collectif s’adressant au public non spécialiste mais désireux de prendre une connaissance attentive de cette région du monde arabe, placée chaque jour au cœur de l’actualité économique, financière, stratégique, diplomatique et religieuse. Le tome I a tenté une présentation systématique de la péninsule prise dans son ensemble. Le tome II, Études par pays, offre, comme son nom l’indique, vingt-deux études sur les divers États de la péninsule Arabique. Elles sont regroupées en quatre ensembles : l’Arabie du Sud, le sultanat d’Oman, les États du Golfe et l’Arabie Saoudite. La présentation de chaque pays est accompagnée d’une carte et d’une chronologie, pour permettre au lecteur de le situer d’une orientation bibliographique. Nous espérons que ces études suggèreront la diversité géographique, historique, religieuse, économique et culturelle de cette région, une des plus mal connues du monde arabe

Paris et la Révolution

En avril 1989, une centaine de chercheurs se sont rencontrés à la Sorbonne pour discuter des 32 communications réunies dans ce volume sur Paris et la Révolution. Le programme qui s’orientait autour de trois axes principaux, le milieu parisien, le rôle de la capitale et les rapports de Paris avec la France révolutionnaire, a rencontré un large écho auprès des historiens français et étrangers. Loin de se cantonner dans l’histoire de la capitale, cette rencontre, tout à la fois bilan et perspective, apporte des vues neuves sur la société parisienne, sur son évolution et son rapport à la Révolution. L’étude du mouvement des hommes et la circulation des idées, souligne l’influence de Paris sous la Révolution, et son rayonnement en France et à l’étranger

Small wars in the age of Clausewitz: the watershed between partisan war and people's war

Around the time of Clausewitz’s writing, a new element was introduced into partisan warfare: ideology. Previously, under the ancien régime, partisans were what today we would call special forces, light infantry or cavalry, almost always mercenaries, carrying out special operations, while the main action in war took place between regular armies. Clausewitz lectured his students on such ‘small wars’. In the American War of Independence and the resistance against Napoleon and his allies, operations carried out by such partisans merged with counter-revolutionary, nationalist insurgencies, but these Clausewitz analysed in a distinct category, ‘people's war’. Small wars, people's war, etc. should thus not be thought of as monopoly of either the political Right or the Left

High Risk of Anal and Rectal Cancer in Patients With Anal and/or Perianal Crohn’s Disease

International audienceBackground & AimsLittle is known about the magnitude of the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with anal and/or perineal Crohn’s disease. We aimed to assess the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with Crohn’s perianal disease followed up in the Cancers Et Surrisque Associé aux Maladies Inflammatoires Intestinales En France (CESAME) cohort.MethodsWe collected data from 19,486 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) enrolled in the observational CESAME study in France, from May 2004 through June 2005; 14.9% of participants had past or current anal and/or perianal Crohn’s disease. Subjects were followed up for a median time of 35 months (interquartile range, 29–40 mo). To identify risk factors for anal cancer in the total CESAME population, we performed a case-control study in which participants were matched for age and sex.ResultsAmong the total IBD population, 8 patients developed anal cancer and 14 patients developed rectal cancer. In the subgroup of 2911 patients with past or current anal and/or perianal Crohn’s lesions at cohort entry, 2 developed anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 3 developed perianal fistula–related adenocarcinoma, and 6 developed rectal cancer. The corresponding incidence rates were 0.26 per 1000 patient-years for anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 0.38 per 1000 patient-years for perianal fistula–related adenocarcinoma, and 0.77 per 1000 patient-years for rectal cancer. Among the 16,575 patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease without anal or perianal lesions, the incidence rate of anal cancer was 0.08 per 1000 patient-years and of rectal cancer was 0.21 per 1000 patient-years. Among factors tested by univariate conditional regression (IBD subtype, disease duration, exposure to immune-suppressive therapy, presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions), the presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions at cohort entry was the only factor significantly associated with development of anal cancer (odds ratio, 11.2; 95% CI, 1.18-551.51; P = .03).ConclusionsIn an analysis of data from the CESAME cohort in France, patients with anal and/or perianal Crohn’s disease have a high risk of anal cancer, including perianal fistula–related cancer, and a high risk of rectal cancer