Efectos de los compost sobre las propiedades del suelo : evaluación comparativa de compost con separación en origen y sin separación en orgien

El objetivo global de este trabajo es la evaluación comparativa de los efectos, a corto y medio plazo, que se producen en las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas de un suelo típico semiárido (calcisol), tras la aplicación de 2 diferentes compost de RSU: uno procedente de una planta en la que los residuos han sido recogidos de forma separada (Barcelona), y otra, en la que no ha existido separación en la recogida (Murcia). Los objetivos específicos son: 1. Determinar los cambios, a corto y medio plazo, en los contenidos en carbono orgánico, macro y micronutrientes y propiedades físicas del suelo, con la adición de ambos tipos de residuo. 2. Establecer la efectividad, en cuanto al tiempo de permanencia, de los cambios producidos. 3. Evaluar el efecto en la contaminación del suelo por metales pesados, en función de la dosis y tipo de residuo. 4. Comparar los efectos positivos y negativos de cada tipo de residuo, para determinar la eficiencia de la separación en origen. 34Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería IndustrialUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagen

Is the Voter Model a model for voters?

The voter model has been studied extensively as a paradigmatic opinion dynamics' model. However, its ability for modeling real opinion dynamics has not been addressed. We introduce a noisy voter model (accounting for social influence) with agents' recurrent mobility (as a proxy for social context), where the spatial and population diversity are taken as inputs to the model. We show that the dynamics can be described as a noisy diffusive process that contains the proper anysotropic coupling topology given by population and mobility heterogeneity. The model captures statistical features of the US presidential elections as the stationary vote-share fluctuations across counties, and the long-range spatial correlations that decay logarithmically with the distance. Furthermore, it recovers the behavior of these properties when a real-space renormalization is performed by coarse-graining the geographical scale from county level through congressional districts and up to states. Finally, we analyze the role of the mobility range and the randomness in decision making which are consistent with the empirical observations.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figure

Luces y sombras en el Franquismo: relaciones entre arte y prensa

El Franquismo fue un sistema totalitario marcado por la Guerra Civil y la Iglesia, por lo que tendrá un aparato ideológico apoyado en ideas de Antiguo Régimen. Esto le llevo a poder controlar todas las cuestiones del Estado sin encontrarse prácticamente con ningún tipo de resistencias, pues el haber ganado una guerra le daba la legitimación suficiente como para poder ejercer su poder sin miedo a que nadie se planteara si quiera oponerse a este. Así mismo, este carácter militarista apoyado en ideas ya más que superadas, le llevó a preocuparse poco a nada por todo arte que no fuera “español”, sobre todo su restauración, y mucho menos sobre la literatura al respecto, si bien esto iría cambiando a la par que la política franquista se fuera abriendo poco a poco al exterior, llegando incluso a abrir museos y realizar exposiciones internacionales. Por otro lado veremos cómo, si bien la prensa vivió un férreo control sobre ella, este no fue exactamente de la manera que suelen contarnos, pues incluso nacieron medios críticos en el seno del Régimen, tal y como podremos ver. Así, con este breve trabajo se buscará tratar de llegar a soluciones sobre cómo, cuándo o porque se llevaba a cabo este control y si de verdad fue tan terrible como solemos tener en mente, buscando ser lo más objetivos posible, superando los prejuicios y la crítica individual para alcanzar unas conclusiones eficaces

Polar decomposition of the Mueller matrix: a polarimetric rule of thumb for square-profile surface structure recognition

In this research, the polar decomposition (PD) method is applied to experimental Mueller matrices (MMs) measured on two-dimensional microstructured surfaces. Polarization information is expressed through a set of parameters of easier physical interpretation. It is shown that evaluating the first derivative of the retardation parameter, δ, a clear indication of the presence of defects either built on or dug in the scattering flat surface (a silicon wafer in our case) can be obtained. Although the rule of thumb thus obtained is established through PD, it can be easily implemented on conventional surface polarimetry. These results constitute an example of the capabilities of the PD approach to MM analysis, and show a direct application in surface characterization

Polar decomposition of Mueller matrices for 2D-structured surfaces

In this research, the Polar Decomposition (PD) has been applied to the Mueller matrices (MMs) of the light scattered by linear ribs of rectangular profile on a flat substrate. Although photo-lithographic technique produces a silicon surface, metallic character is acquired by sputtering with gold some of the samples. With a dual rotating compensator polarimeter the MMs are obtained by Fourier Transform analysis. The samples have been numerically modeled by using both FDTD and Extinction Theorem (ET) and MMs have been computed from the results. The scattering depends strongly on the geometry and composition of the ribs, and this sensitivity is noticed for instance in M11 element. But information offered by PD parameters is shown to be more apprehensible, like the substrate-induced depolarization or the retardance associated to the rib width.This research has been supported by the Ministry of Education of Spain under project FIS2007-60158 and by USAITCA through R&D 1390-PH-01

Polarimetric techniques for determining morphology and optical features of High Refractive Index dielectric nanoparticles size

The spectral evolution of the degree of linear polarization (PL) at a scattering angle of 90º is studied numerically for high refractive index (HRI) dielectric spherical nanoparticles. The behaviour of PL(90º) is analyzed as a function of the refractive index of the surrounding medium and the particle radius. We focus on the spectral region where both electric and magnetic resonances of order not higher than two are located for various semiconductor materials with low absorption. The spectral behavior of PL(90º) has only a small, linear dependence on nanoparticle size R. This weak dependence makes it experimentally feasible to perform real-time retrievals of both the refractive index of the external medium and the NP size R. From an industrial point of view, pure materials are nonrealistic, since they can only be provided under certain conditions. For this reason, we also study the effect of contaminants on the resonances of silicon NPs by considering the spectral evolution of PL(90º).This research was supported by MICINN (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, project FIS2013-45854-P)

On the structure and properties of silver nanoparticles

Silver tetrahedral nanoparticles (NP) were synthesized using the inert gas condensation technique. We performed morphological and optical characterization of the nanoparticles (NPs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM), mass spectroscopy (MS), and UV-visible spectroscopy. The Ag NPs were produced by modified magnetron sputtering, followed by thermalization and condensation in a high pressure zone. Along the synthesis process, the size of the NPs was controlled through the handling of the gas flow (Ar and He), the magnetron power, and the length of the aggregation zone. We optimized the synthesis parameters to obtain a peak on the size distribution of Ag NPs around of 5 nm (as measured with AFM and MS). The AFM measurements show that the particles have tetrahedral shape, with a fair correspondence with a 2925-atoms ideal tetrahedron. We performed a set of Molecular Dynamics (MD) calculations using the Embedded Atom potential model to simulate the dynamics of particles with different shapes, obtaining that, at sizes close to that of the particles produced experimentally, the tetrahedra may be as energetically stable as cuboctahedra of roughly the same size, and that their melting point is below but close to that of the bulk. We also found that both the size and shape of the nanoparticles determine the shift of the UV-visible absorption spectrum. Finally, we observed the formation of atomic islands above the faces of the Ag tetrahedral NPs, in agreement with the results obtained from the MD simulations

Using linear polarization for sensing and monitoring nanoparticle purity

We analyze the effect of contaminants on the quadrupolar magnetic, dipolar electric and dipolar magnetic resonances of silicon nanoparticles (NPs) by considering the spectral evolution of the linear polarization degree at right angle scattering configuration, PL(90º). From an optical point of view, a decrease in the purity of silicon nanoparticles due to the presence of contaminants impacts the NP effective refractive index. We study this effect for a silicon nanosphere of radius 200 nm embedded in different media. The weakness of the resonances induced on the PL(90º) spectrum because of the lack of purity can be used to quantify the contamination of the material. In addition, it is shown that Kerker conditions also suffer from a spectral shift, which is quantified as a function of material purity.This research was supported by MICINN (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, project FIS2013-45854-P)

Association of Neuropathic Pain Symptoms with Sensitization Related Symptomatology in Women with Fibromyalgia

We aimed to analyze potential correlations between S-LANSS and PainDETECT with proxies for pain sensitization, e.g., the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) and pressure pain hyperalgesia (construct validity), pain-related or psychological variables (concurrent validity) in women with fibromyalgia (FMS). One-hundred-and-twenty-six females with FMS completed demographic, pain-related variables, psychological, and sensitization outcomes as well as the S-LANSS and the PainDETECT questionnaires. S-LANSS was positively associated with BMI (r = 0.206), pain intensity (r = 0.206 to 0.298) and CSI score (r = 0.336) and negatively associated with all PPTs (r = −0.180 to −0.336). PainDETECT was negatively associated with age (r = −0.272) and all PPTs (r = −0.226 to −0.378) and positively correlated with pain intensity (r = 0.258 to 0.439), CSI (r = 0.538), anxiety (r = 0.246) and depression (r = 0.258). 51.4% of the S-LANSS was explained by PainDETECT (45.3%), posterior iliac PPT (0.2%) and mastoid PPT (5.9%), whereas the 56.4% of PainDETECT was explained by S-LANSS (43.4%), CSI (10.4%), and pain intensity (2.6%). This study found good convergent association between S-LANSS and PainDETECT in women with FMS. Additionally, S-LANSS was associated with PPTs whereas PainDETECT was associated with pain intensity and CSI, suggesting that both questionnaires assess different spectrums of the neuropathic and pain sensitization components of a condition and hence provide synergistic information