145 research outputs found
Histological and in vitro seed culture studies on Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod. (Caesalpiniaceae)
- Publication venue
- 'Horizon E-Publishing Group'
- Publication date
- 01/07/2022
- Field of study
Establishment of a tissue culture protocol for clonal regeneration is an essential prerequisite for the potential and economically important plant species Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod. (syn. Caesalpinia sappan L.; Caesalpiniaceae). This plant is a valuable dye-yielding legume shrub native to Indomalayan and is used in India by the local people of Kerala and Tamil Nadu States for its biological potential. The present study evaluated seed development both in vivo and in vitro through histological analysis. The mature seed was used as explants and cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2, 4-D, BAP, GA3 and IBA. The cultures showed direct regeneration of shoots from nodular structures in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) region. During in vitro regeneration, the callus cells exhibited ballooning of cells, and the morphogenetic seed developed parenchymatous, polygonal cells filled with polyphenols. Histological studies indicated that in vitro plant regeneration involved the organogenic pathway that leads to de novo shoot primordia development
An aggravated trajectory of depression and anxiety co-morbid with hepatitis C: : A 21 to 62 month follow-up study in 61 South Australian outpatients
- Author
- Antonina A. Mikocka-Walus
- Banovic I.
- Benjamin J.R. Stewart
- Bjelland I.
- Bjerkeset O.
- Carta M.G.
- Covic T.
- Crawford J.R.
- Dalgard O.
- Deborah Turnbull
- Dwight M.M.
- el-Serag H.B.
- Fichter M.M.
- Fábregas B.C.
- Ghany M.G.
- Grace S.L.
- Gutteling J.J.
- Henry J.D.
- Hugh Harley
- Ickovics J.R.
- Jane M. Andrews
- Kaptein K.I.
- Kraus M.R.
- Lane D.
- Leutscher P.D.
- Loftus E.V.
- Lyketsos C.G.
- McDonald J.
- Mikocka-Walus A.A.
- Morasco B.J.
- Norton S.
- Richards D.
- Rodger A.J.
- Smedstad L.M.
- Smolderen K.G.
- Stewart B.
- Stewart B.J.
- Stewart B.J.
- Wetherell J.L.
- Zigmond A.S.
- Publication venue
- 'Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2015
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the course of depression and anxiety in chronic hepatitis C patients. METHODS: Data were combined from two studies: (1) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores in 395 consecutive Australian outpatients from 2006 to 2010 formed the baseline measurement; and (2) Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) scores in a survey of a sub-sample of these patients in 2011 formed the follow-up measurement. After converting DASS to HADS scores, changes in symptom scores and rates of case-ness (≥8), and predictors of follow-up symptoms were assessed. RESULTS: Follow-up data were available for 61 patients (70.5% male) whose age ranged from 24.5 to 74.6 years (M=45.6). The time to follow-up ranged from 20.7 to 61.9 months (M=43.8). Baseline rates of depression (32.8%) and anxiety (44.3%) increased to 62.3% and 67.2%, respectively. These findings were confirmed, independent of the conversion, by comparing baseline HADS and follow-up DASS scores with British community norms. Baseline anxiety and younger age predicted depression, while baseline anxiety, high school non-completion, and single relationship status predicted anxiety. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a worsening trajectory of depression and anxiety. Further controlled and prospective research in a larger sample is required to confirm these findings
Measurement of the scintillation time spectra and pulse-shape discrimination of low-energy beta and nuclear recoils in liquid argon with DEAP-1
- Author
- A. Butcher
- A. Muir
- A.B. McDonald
- A.J. Noble
- A.L. Hallin
- Acciarri
- Acciarri
- Acosta-Kane
- Agnes
- Agnes
- Agostinelli
- Akashi-Ronquest
- Akerib
- Amaudruz
- Amole
- Angle
- B. Beltran
- B. Broerman
- B. Cai
- B. Smith
- B.T. Cleveland
- Benetti
- Benetti
- Boulay
- Boulay
- Bromiley
- Brun
- Burton
- C. Hearns
- C. Nantais
- C. Ouellet
- C.J. Jillings
- Caldwell
- Cao
- Cowan
- Creus
- D. Cranshaw
- D.N. McKinsey
- D.R. Grant
- Doke
- E. Grace
- E. O’Dwyer
- E. Vázquez-Jáuregui
- F. Duncan
- F. Giuliani
- F. La Zia
- F. Retière
- Gastler
- Gedanken
- Hinkley
- Hitachi
- I. Lawson
- J. Bonatt
- J. Hofgartner
- J. Monroe
- J. Nikkel
- J. Tang
- J. Walding
- J.F. Bueno
- J.J. Lidgard
- Jillings
- K. Boudjemline
- K. Dering
- K. Graham
- K. McFarlane
- K. Nicolics
- K. Olsen
- Keith
- L. Veloce
- Lewin
- Lidgard
- Lippincott
- Loosli
- M. Batygov
- M. Chen
- M. Gold
- M. Hamstra
- M. Kuźniak
- M. Ronquest
- M. Ward
- M.G. Boulay
- Miyajima
- Mulliken
- N. Fatemighomi
- N. Seeburn
- O. Li
- O’Dwyer
- P. Giampa
- P. Gorel
- P. Harvey
- P. Liimatainen
- P. Pasuthip
- P. Skensved
- P.-A. Amaudruz
- Pasuthup
- R. Chouinard
- R. Ford
- R. Gagnon
- R. Hakobyan
- R. Mathew
- R. Mehdiyev
- Regenfus
- Rubbia
- S.J.M. Peeters
- Suemoto
- Szydagis
- T. Caldwell
- T. McElroy
- T. Pollmann
- T. Sonley
- V.V. Golovko
- W. Rau
- W.H. Lippincott
- Xiao
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 14/09/2016
- Field of study
The DEAP-1 low-background liquid argon detector was used to measure
scintillation pulse shapes of electron and nuclear recoil events and to
demonstrate the feasibility of pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) down to an
electron-equivalent energy of 20 keV.
In the surface dataset using a triple-coincidence tag we found the fraction
of beta events that are misidentified as nuclear recoils to be <1.4×10−7 (90% C.L.) for energies between 43-86 keVee and for a nuclear recoil
acceptance of at least 90%, with 4% systematic uncertainty on the absolute
energy scale. The discrimination measurement on surface was limited by nuclear
recoils induced by cosmic-ray generated neutrons. This was improved by moving
the detector to the SNOLAB underground laboratory, where the reduced background
rate allowed the same measurement with only a double-coincidence tag.
The combined data set contains 1.23×108 events. One of those, in the
underground data set, is in the nuclear-recoil region of interest. Taking into
account the expected background of 0.48 events coming from random pileup, the
resulting upper limit on the electronic recoil contamination is
<2.7×10−8 (90% C.L.) between 44-89 keVee and for a nuclear recoil
acceptance of at least 90%, with 6% systematic uncertainty on the absolute
energy scale.
We developed a general mathematical framework to describe PSD parameter
distributions and used it to build an analytical model of the distributions
observed in DEAP-1. Using this model, we project a misidentification fraction
of approx. 10−10 for an electron-equivalent energy threshold of 15 keV for
a detector with 8 PE/keVee light yield. This reduction enables a search for
spin-independent scattering of WIMPs from 1000 kg of liquid argon with a
WIMP-nucleon cross-section sensitivity of 10−46 cm2, assuming
negligible contribution from nuclear recoil backgrounds.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physic
High prevalence of chitotriosidase deficiency in Peruvian Amerindians exposed to chitin-bearing food and enteroparasites
- Author
- A. Battisti
- Adelino
- Araujo
- Arndt
- Arroyo-Begovich
- Barone
- Bierbaum
- Bisso-Machado
- Boot
- Boot
- Bourgain
- Boussac
- Brydon
- Bussink
- C. Espinoza Camus
- C. Jara Campos
- Cavalli-Sforza
- Chien
- Choi
- Cozzarini
- De Castro
- Di Luca
- F. Boaretto
- F. Mejìa Coico
- F.H. Falcone
- G. Vazza
- Gething
- Gianfrancesco
- Gordon-Thomson
- Grace
- Hall
- Hall
- Harrington
- Hise
- Hurtado
- Hurtado
- Instituto Nacional de Salud
- Instituto Nacional de Salud
- Irún
- J. Mostacero León
- Jongedijk
- Juárez-Rendón
- Kasprzewska
- Kim
- Lanuza
- Lee
- M.G. Paoletti
- M.L. Mostacciuolo
- Malaguarnera
- Marquis
- MINSA/OGE
- MINSA/OGE
- Muzzarelli
- Muzzarelli
- N. Manno
- Paoletti
- Piras
- Piras
- R.J. Quinnell
- Ritchie
- Rodrigues
- S. Musumeci
- S. Sherratt
- Seibold
- Sheather
- Sianto
- Van Eijk
- Vandevenne
- Verwer
- Wimmer
- Woo
- Zakrzewski
- Zhang
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2014
- Field of study
The human genome encodes a gene for an enzymatically active chitinase (CHIT1) located in a single copy on Chromosome 1, which is highly expressed by activated macrophages and in other cells of the innate immune response. Several dysfunctional mutations are known in CHIT1, including a 24-bp duplication in Exon 10 causing catalytic deficiency. This duplication is a common variant conserved in many human populations, except in West and South Africans. Thus it has been proposed that human migration out of Africa and the consequent reduction of exposure to chitin from environmental factors may have enabled the conservation of dysfunctional mutations in human chitinases. Our data obtained from 85 indigenous Amerindians from Peru, representative of populations characterized by high prevalence of chitin-bearing enteroparasites and intense entomophagy, reveal a very high frequency of the 24-bp duplication (47.06%), and of other single nucleotide polymorphisms which are known to partially affect enzymatic activity (G102S: 42.7% and A442G/V: 25.5%). Our finding is in line with a founder effect, but appears to confute our previous hypothesis of a protective role against parasite infection and sustains the discussion on the redundancy of chitinolytic function
Erratum: "A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo" (2021, ApJ, 909, 218)
- Author
- Abbott B.P.
- Abbott R.
- Abbott T.D.
- Abraham S.
- Acernese F.
- Ackley K.
- Adams C.
- Adhikari R.X.
- Adya V.B.
- Affeldt C.
- Agathos M.
- Agatsuma K.
- Aggarwal N.
- Aguiar O.D.
- Aiello L.
- Ain A.
- Ajith P.
- Allen G.
- Allocca A.
- Aloy M.A.
- Altin P.A.
- Amato A.
- Anand S.
- Ananyeva A.
- Anderson S.B.
- Anderson W.G.
- Angelova S.V.
- Antier S.
- Appert S.
- Arai K.
- Araya M.C.
- Areeda J.S.
- Arene M.
- Arnaud N.
- Aronson S.M.
- Arun K.G.
- Ascenzi S.
- Ashton G.
- Aston S.M.
- Astone P.
- Aubin F.
- Aufmuth P.
- Aultoneal K.
- Austin C.
- Avendano V.
- Avila-Alvarez A.
- Babak S.
- Bacon P.
- Badaracco F.
- Bader M.K.M.
- Bae S.
- Baird J.
- Bakel N.V.
- Baker P.T.
- Baldaccini F.
- Ballardin G.
- Ballmer S.W.
- Bals A.
- Banagiri S.
- Barayoga J.C.
- Barbieri C.
- Barclay S.E.
- Barish B.C.
- Barker D.
- Barkett K.
- Barnum S.
- Barone F.
- Barr B.
- Barsotti L.
- Barsuglia M.
- Barta D.
- Bartlett J.
- Bartos I.
- Bassiri R.
- Basti A.
- Bawaj M.
- Bayley J.C.
- Bazzan M.
- Bejger M.
- Belahcene I.
- Bell A.S.
- Beniwal D.
- Benjamin M.G.
- Berger B.K.
- Bergmann G.
- Bernuzzi S.
- Berry C.P.L.
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- Bertolini A.
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- Beuzekom M.V.
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- Bischi M.
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- Blackburn J.K.
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- Chatterjee D.
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- Cheeseboro B.D.
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- Chia H.Y.
- Chiadini F.
- Chincarini A.
- Chiummo A.
- Cho G.
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- Katzman W.
- Kaufer S.
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- Keerthana N.V.
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- Khalili F.Y.
- Khan I.
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- Lackey B.D.
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- Li K.J.L.
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- Publication venue
- London : Institute of Physics Publ.
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
[no abstract available
The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance
- Author
- Aanniz Tarek
- Abar Aden Elmi
- Abbad Anass
- Abdelfattah May
- Abdelhamid W.
- Abdella Saro
- Abdellah Faouzi
- Abdelmjid El Oualid
- Abdelmoula Fatma
- Abdelmoulah F.
- Abderrahmane Maaroufi
- Abderrazak Rfaki
- Abdillahi Idil Salah
- Abdissa Alemseged
- Abdo I.
- Abdoelraheem Mohamed Hassan
- Abe Haruka
- Abebe Markos
- Abechi Priscilla
- Abera Adugna
- Abi Rachid
- Abias Abe G.
- Abichu Getachew
- Abid N.
- Abid Nabil
- Abid Salma
- Abilio Nuro
- Abimbola Sharon
- Abo Shama Noura M
- Abosede O.
- Aboubaker Mohamed Houmed
- Abouelhoda Mohamed
- Abouelnaga S.
- Abualas Elamin
- Abubeker Ramalia Chabi
- Abuelenein Ehab Abdelkader
- Abuzaid Nadir
- Abworo Edward O.
- Ada Diosdado Odjama Nseng
- Addidle Michael
- Adegbola Richard
- Adegnika Akim A.
- Adegnika Ayola Akim
- Adel Abd Monaem
- Adeniji Johnson A.
- Adepetun Tomiwa
- Adesegun A.
- Adesuyi Omoare
- Adetifa Ifedayo M. O.
- Adewumi Olubusuyi M.
- Adewumi Oluwatimilehin
- Adewumi Praise
- Adeyemi Kayode T.
- Adhikari Bishwo N.
- Adil El Hamouchi
- Adjiratou Aissatou B. A.
- Adnew Bethlehem
- Adu Bright
- Adu Eric
- Adusei-Poku Mildred
- Agbenyo Seyram Bless
- Agbodzi B.
- Ageez A.M.
- Agoti Charles N.
- Aguenaou Hassan
- Agwa Sara Hassan
- Agweyu Ambrose
- Ahmed El Bara
- Ahmed Elhadi A.
- Ahmed Hatem
- Ahmed M.
- Ahmed O. S.
- Ahmed Rahma
- Ahmed Shymaa S.
- Ahmed Side Mohamed
- Ahmed Yahaya Ali
- Ahouidi Ambroise
- Ahuka-Mundeke Steve
- Ahumibe Anthony
- Ahyong Vida
- Aissam El Aliani
- Ajayi Nnennaya A.
- Ajibaye Solomon
- Ajili F.
- Ajogbasile F.V.
- Ajogbasile Fehintola V.
- Akanbi Olusola Anuoluwapo
- Akenji Blaise MBoringong
- Akhoud Youssef
- Akinola Monilade
- Akogbeto Petas
- Akoua-Koffi Chantal G.
- Akpede George O.
- Al Onifade Fattah
- Alain Etoundi Mballa
- Alaoui Afaf
- Alaoui-Amine Sanaa
- Alarif Ahlam
- Alaruusi A. M.
- Albert Mélanie
- AlEmam Adba Alfatih
- Alemayehu Dawit Hailu
- Alemu Fekadu
- Algheriani Raiva
- Ali Abraham
- Ali M.A.
- Ali Mohamed Ahmed
- Ali Mushal
- Ali Wael
- Alkarim Mona O.A.
- Allam Loubna
- Allam Mushal
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- Altamura Settimia
- Amar Narjis
- Amenga-Etego Lucas N.
- Amer K. E.
- Amer Khaled
- Amira Souissi
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- Amoo Olufemi Samuel
- Amoth Patrick
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- Amuri Adrienne A.
- Amuzu Dominic S. Y.
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- Artesi Maria
- Aryeetey Sherihane
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- Asante Ivy A.
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- Ayoade F.
- Ayoola Joy
- Ayouba Ahidjo
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- Aziza Amuri
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- Aïssi Melchior A. Joël
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- Babatunde Sunday
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- Badou Yvette
- Bagaya Bernard Ssentalo
- Bah Mamadou Saliou
- Bahadoor B. S.
- Bahnassy A.A.
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- Baker David
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- Barasa Edwine
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- Barilar Ivan
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- Barnes Kayla
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- Bashein Abdulla
- Bassène Hubert
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- Batchi-Bouyou Armel L.
- Bates Matthew
- Batra Dhwani
- Batra R.
- Bauer Peter
- Baxter Cheryl
- Bayih Abebe Genetu
- Bbosa Nicholas
- Bedford Trevor
- Bediako Yaw
- Bedié
- Bedri Shahinaz.A.
- Behillil Sylvie
- Bejon Philip
- Belarbi Essia
- Belfquih Bouchra
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- Borrmann Steffen
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- Bouzid Amal
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- BUHARI Mikhail Olayinka
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- Chtourou A.
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- Cigolo Jean-Claude Makangara
- Cisse Barada
- Clarisse Murebwayire
- Colson Philippe
- Comas Iñaki
- Combe Patrice
- Corman Victor Max
- Cortes Carlos
- Cotten Matthew
- Crawford M.
- Crespin Xavier
- Cá Milanca Agostinho
- D'Amore N.
- D'Aprile Annamaria
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- Damena D.
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- Dao Sounkalo
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- Daubenberger Claudia
- David Kumbelembe
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- Davies Mary-Ann
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- de Ligt Joep
- De Nittis Rosella
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- de Oliveira Martins Leonardo
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- DeAlmeida Mary
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- Delaporte Eric
- Delerce Jeremy
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- Djingarey Mamoudou Harouna
- Djomsi Dowbiss Meta
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- Embaló Bubacar Delgado Pinto
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- Gevao Sahr
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- Hoornaert Laurien
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- Lamboni Lallepak
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- Wilkinson David
- Wilkinson Eduan
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- Woelfel R.
- Wohl Shirlee
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- Wolter Nicole
- Wuduri Zara
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- Xavier Joicymara S.
- Xiang Zuzheng
- Xie Hong
- Yadouleton Anges
- Yadouleton Yahya
- Yakout Mostfa
- Yandoko Rivalyn Nakoune
- Yang Qi
- Yao Kouadio T.
- Yassine Kasmi
- Yassine Zouheir
- Yasuda Jiro
- Yatassaye Bouna
- Yeboah C.
- Yeboah Richmond
- Yeboah-Manu Dorothy
- Yemi Bright K.
- Yiaba Cyrus
- Yiaba Warren Cyrus
- Yu Popova A.
- Yusuf Nyam Itse
- Yusuf Yacob Mohamed
- Zablon J. Matoke D.
- Zablon J.O.
- Zaher Tarek Refaat Elnagdy Raafat
- Zahra El Ansari Fatima
- Zahran Manal Hamdy
- Zekri Abdel-Rahman N.
- Zhang J.
- Zhou Pei
- Zinyowera Sekesai
- Zong Minko O.
- Zongo Arsène
- Zorgani A.
- Zouaki Amal
- Zulu P.
- Zumla Ali
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zuze Boitumelo
- Publication venue
- 'American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)'
- Publication date
- 07/10/2022
- Field of study
INTRODUCTION
Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic.
RATIONALE
We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs).
RESULTS
Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants.
CONCLUSION
Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century
Search for gravitational-wave transients associated with magnetar bursts in advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo data from the third observing run
- Author
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- Yang F.W
- Yang K.Z
- Yang L
- Yang Y
- Yang Y.-C
- Yang Yang
- Yap M.J
- Yeeles D.W
- Yeh S.-W
- Yelikar A.B
- Ying M
- Yokoyama J
- Yokozawa T
- Yoo J
- Yoshioka T
- Yu Hang
- Yu Haocun
- Yuzurihara H
- Zadrożny A
- Zanolin M
- Zeidler S
- Zelenova T
- Zendri J.-P
- Zevin M
- Zhan M
- Zhang H
- Zhang J
- Zhang L
- Zhang R
- Zhang T
- Zhang Y
- Zhao C
- Zhao G
- Zhao Y
- Zhao Yue
- Zhou R
- Zhou Z
- Zhu X.J
- Zhu Z.-H
- Zucker M.E
- Zweizig J
- Publication venue
- American Astronomical Society
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
Gravitational waves are expected to be produced from neutron star oscillations associated with magnetar giant f lares and short bursts. We present the results of a search for short-duration (milliseconds to seconds) and longduration (∼100 s) transient gravitational waves from 13 magnetar short bursts observed during Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA’s third observation run. These 13 bursts come from two magnetars, SGR1935 +2154 and SwiftJ1818.0−1607. We also include three other electromagnetic burst events detected by FermiGBM which were identified as likely coming from one or more magnetars, but they have no association with a known magnetar. No magnetar giant flares were detected during the analysis period. We find no evidence of gravitational waves associated with any of these 16 bursts. We place upper limits on the rms of the integrated incident gravitational-wave strain that reach 3.6 × 10−²³ Hz at 100 Hz for the short-duration search and 1.1 ×10−²² Hz at 450 Hz for the long-duration search. For a ringdown signal at 1590 Hz targeted by the short-duration search the limit is set to 2.3 × 10−²² Hz. Using the estimated distance to each magnetar, we derive upper limits upper limits on the emitted gravitational-wave energy of 1.5 × 1044 erg (1.0 × 1044 erg) for SGR 1935+2154 and 9.4 × 10^43 erg (1.3 × 1044 erg) for Swift J1818.0−1607, for the short-duration (long-duration) search. Assuming isotropic emission of electromagnetic radiation of the burst fluences, we constrain the ratio of gravitational-wave energy to electromagnetic energy for bursts from SGR 1935+2154 with the available fluence information. The lowest of these ratios is 4.5 × 103
A joint Fermi-GBM and Swift-BAT analysis of gravitational-wave candidates from the third gravitational-wave observing run
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- Yeh S.-W.
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- Ying M.
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- Yokozawa T.
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- Yu H.
- Yu H.
- Yuzurihara H.
- Zadrożny A.
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- Zimmerman A.B.
- Zucker M.E.
- Zweizig J.
- Publication venue
- American Astronomical Society
- Publication date
- 01/04/2024
- Field of study
We present Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM) and Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT) searches for gamma-ray/X-ray counterparts to gravitational-wave (GW) candidate events identified during the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. Using Fermi-GBM onboard triggers and subthreshold gamma-ray burst (GRB) candidates found in the Fermi-GBM ground analyses, the Targeted Search and the Untargeted Search, we investigate whether there are any coincident GRBs associated with the GWs. We also search the Swift-BAT rate data around the GW times to determine whether a GRB counterpart is present. No counterparts are found. Using both the Fermi-GBM Targeted Search and the Swift-BAT search, we calculate flux upper limits and present joint upper limits on the gamma-ray luminosity of each GW. Given these limits, we constrain theoretical models for the emission of gamma rays from binary black hole mergers
Constraints on the cosmic expansion history from GWTC–3
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- Abe H.
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- Publication venue
- 'American Astronomical Society'
- Publication date
- 01/06/2023
- Field of study
We use 47 gravitational wave sources from the Third LIGO–Virgo–Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC–3) to estimate the Hubble parameter H(z), including its current value, the Hubble constant H0. Each gravitational wave (GW) signal provides the luminosity distance to the source, and we estimate the corresponding redshift using two methods: the redshifted masses and a galaxy catalog. Using the binary black hole (BBH) redshifted masses, we simultaneously infer the source mass distribution and H(z). The source mass distribution displays a peak around 34 M⊙, followed by a drop-off. Assuming this mass scale does not evolve with the redshift results in a H(z) measurement, yielding H0=68−8+12km s−1Mpc−1 (68% credible interval) when combined with the H0 measurement from GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart. This represents an improvement of 17% with respect to the H0 estimate from GWTC–1. The second method associates each GW event with its probable host galaxy in the catalog GLADE+, statistically marginalizing over the redshifts of each event's potential hosts. Assuming a fixed BBH population, we estimate a value of H0=68−6+8km s−1Mpc−1 with the galaxy catalog method, an improvement of 42% with respect to our GWTC–1 result and 20% with respect to recent H0 studies using GWTC–2 events. However, we show that this result is strongly impacted by assumptions about the BBH source mass distribution; the only event which is not strongly impacted by such assumptions (and is thus informative about H0) is the well-localized event GW190814
GW190814: gravitational waves from the coalescence of a 23 solar mass black hole with a 2.6 solar mass compact object
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- Zucker M.E.
- Zweizig J.
- Publication venue
- American Astronomical Society
- Publication date
- 23/06/2020
- Field of study
We report the observation of a compact binary coalescence involving a 22.2–24.3 Me black hole and a compact object with a mass of 2.50–2.67 Me (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal, GW190814, was observed during LIGO’s and Virgo’s third observing run on 2019 August 14 at 21:10:39 UTC and has a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 in the three-detector network. The source was localized to 18.5 deg2 at a distance of - + 241 45
41 Mpc; no electromagnetic counterpart has been confirmed to date. The source has the most unequal mass ratio yet measured with gravitational waves, - + 0.112 0.009 0.008, and its secondary component is either the lightest black hole or the heaviest neutron star ever discovered in a double compact-object system. The
dimensionless spin of the primary black hole is tightly constrained to �0.07. Tests of general relativity reveal no measurable deviations from the theory, and its prediction of higher-multipole emission is confirmed at high confidence. We estimate a merger rate density of 1–23 Gpc−3 yr−1 for the new class of binary coalescence sources
that GW190814 represents. Astrophysical models predict that binaries with mass ratios similar to this event can form through several channels, but are unlikely to have formed in globular clusters. However, the combination of mass ratio, component masses, and the inferred merger rate for this event challenges all current models of the formation and mass distribution of compact-object binaries
- …