SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SAXAGLIPTIN HYDROCHLORIDE AND METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGRIDENT BY RP-HPLC

A new simple, accurate, precise and reproducible RP-HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneousestimation of Saxagliptin and Metformin in bulk drug form using C18 column (Phenomenex, 250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) inisocratic mode. The mobile phase consisted of 0.02M Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), Acetonitrile,Methanol in the ratio of 50:25:25 (v/v/v) at pH 4.3. The detection wavelength was carried out at 240 nm. Themethod was linear over the concentration range for Saxagliptin 10-50μg/ml and for Metformin 5-25 μg/ml. Therecoveries of Saxagliptin and Metformin were found to be 100.48and 101.1% respectively. The validation of methodwas carried out utilizing ICH-guidelines. The described HPLC method was successfully employed for the analysisof pharmaceutical formulations containing combined dosage form

Antioxidant and Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Activity of Leaf Extract of Plant Piper Attenuatum (B. HAM)

Piper attenuatum (B. Ham) is traditional medicinal plant in India. It has been claimed in traditional Indian system of medicine that the phytochemical constituents present in P. attenuatum (B. Ham) have Antioxidant and skeletal muscle relaxant activity. So the present study aimed to evaluate anti–oxidant and skeletal muscle relaxant activity of ethanolic, aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of plant P. attenuatum (B. Ham), respectively. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by in vitro as well as in vivo methods. Invitro method we used DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay and H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide) scavenging assay while in vivo methods antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were assayed by using animal models. Anti-oxidant activity of following concentrations 10μg/mL, 20μg/mL, 30μg/mL, 40μg/mL and 50μg/mL were measured for both extracts. Ethanolic extract of P. attenuatum (B. Ham) was evaluated at dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg b.w. for skeletal muscle relaxant activity by using rota rod apparatus. The high antioxidant activity was found in the ethanolic extract of P. attenuatum (B. Ham) compared to aqueous one. For muscle relaxation, 200 mg/kg b.w. showed a significant reduction in the time spent by the animals on the revolving rod compared to the control. From the above study it may be concluded that both extract of P. attenuatum (B. Ham) having Anti – oxidant and skeletal muscle relaxant activity

ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF SHILAJIT (ASPHALTUM PUNJABINUM) AGAINST ALCOHOL INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN WISTAR RATS

To investigate the antioxidant, hepatoprotective activity and evaluation of effects on blood factors of Asphaltum punjabinum demonstrable in-vivo and in-vitro by the inhibition of alcohol induced Wistar rat. In-vitro antioxidant activity of Asphaltum punjabinum was evaluated by various assays, including reducing power, lipid peroxidation, DPPH. Hepatoprotective activity as judged by the blood factors and serum enzymes levels viz. Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Total Bilirubin (TBIL) and Direct Bilirubin (DBIL) as well as oxidant enzyme viz. Malon Dialdehyde (MDA) were prevented, while antioxidant enzymes viz. Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase were elevated in liver tissues. Further histopathological examination of liver sections was carried out to support the induction of hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective efficacy. The results showed potent activities on reducing power, lipid peroxide, DPPH, Superoxide anion. The histopathological observations supported the biochemical evidences of hepato protection. Elevated level of SOD and decreased level of MDA further strengthen the hepatoprotective observations. In the study, demonstrating the Asphaltum punjabinum has potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity against alcohol induced hepatic damage in experimental animals

Development and Validation of RP-HPLC method for Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin and Pioglitazone

A new simple, accurate ,precise and reproducible RP-HPLC method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of metformin and pioglitazone in bulk drug form using proper HPLC system. The mobile phase consists of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 35:65 at pH 3.4.The detection wavelength was carried out at 228 nm. The method was linear over the concentration range for metformin 50-100 μg/mL and for pioglitazone 20-180 μg/mL. The recoveries of metformin and pioglitazone were found to be 100.5 and 98.7% respectively. The validation of method was carried out utilizing ICH-guidelines. The described HPLC method method was successfully for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing dosage form

A review on analytical method development, optimization and validation of combination of Azithromycin and benzoyl peroxide by RP-HPLC using design of experiment as per ICH guideline

Pharmaceutical analysis is one of the most challenging fields of analytical chemistry. Pharmaceutical analysts carry out the qualitative and quantitative control of APIs and drug products and also develop and validate appropriate methods. One of my main goals was to develop modern, rapid, precise and reproducible, but also cost-effective HPLC assay methods which are generally available and applicable for most users. The aim of this work was to develop LC methods for both compounds. The assay of erythromycin by LC offers several advantages, such as high specificity, the possibility of determining and quantifying impurities and degradation products, and improved accuracy. The developed methods were validated. My whole work containing following plan of work as Selection of drug, Review Literature, FITR of both drugs and Mixture, Preparation of standard solutions, Preparation of sample of pure drug in Standard solution, Method development by HPLC (as Selection of solvents to be used as diluents and mobile phase, Selection of wavelength, Selection of mobile phase and Selection of chromatographic conditions) Preparation of Mobile phase, Preparation of standard calibration curve combination of drug, Optimization of HPLC condition using box behnken design. Validation of analytical method following parameters as per ICH guidelines. (i). System suitability (ii). Linearity and range (iii). Specificity (iv).Accuracy and precision (v). Limits of detection (LOD) and Quantitation (LOQ). (vi). Selectivity and (vii).Robustness

Effect of herb-drug interactions of Bacopa monnieri Linn. (Brahmi) formulation on the pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline in rats

Interactions between herbs and drugs may increase or decrease the pharmacological or toxicological effects of either component. Experimental data on the pharmacokinetic interactions between herbal products and drugs are limited. This study attempted to investigate the effect of Bacopa monnieri Linn. (Brahmi) formulation on the pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline in rats. In this study, rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6 each) which were served as a control (amitriptyline alone) and treatment group (amitriptyline with B. monnieri), respectively. Rats in the treatment group received B. monnieri (31 mg/kg/day) whereas the control group received normal saline by oral gavage for seven days before a single intragastric administration of 25 mg/kg amitriptyline. Plasma concentrations of amitriptyline were measured up to 24 h after its administration by a developed and validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. Pretreatment with B. monnieri produced a significant increase in the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC0-t) and elimination half-life (t1/2) of amitriptyline by 16.8%, 26.5%, and 15.5%, respectively, compared to amitriptyline alone. Moreover, oral clearance and volume of distribution (Vss) were decreased by 26.2% and 15.5% respectively. This study concluded that B.monnieri significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of amitriptyline in rats

Optimization of Superdisintegrants Concentration in Designing of Mouth Dissolving Tablets of Solid Dispersion of Domperidone by Using response surface methodology

This research involves preparation of mouth dissolving tablets of solid dispersions of Domperidone by direct compression method using various concentrations of superdisintegrants in combination i.e. Croscarmellose Sodium and crospovidone. For optimization, a 32 (two-factor three-level) factorial design is being used in which 2 factors were evaluated, each at 3 levels and experimental trials were performed at all 9 possible combinations for every four selected solid dispersion batches (9x4=36 formulations + one blank). The amount of Croscarmellose Sodium (X1) and crospovidone (X2) was selected as independent variables. The disintegration time, percentage friability and percent drug release were selected as dependent variables. All the active powder blends were evaluated for precompression parameters (viz. angle of repose, Carr’s index, Hausner ratio, etc.) and the tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters (viz. weight variation, hardness, and friability, wetting time, disintegration time, water absorption ratio, and in vitro drug release studies). Optimization was done using the software (Design Expert® 11.0.4), predicted responses of which were validated

Formulation of Mouth Dissolving Tablets Using Solid Dispersion Technique: A Review

Mouth-dissolving tablets are also called as fast disintegrating tablets, melt-in mouth tablets, orodispersible tablets, quick dissolving etc. Mouth dissolving tablets are those when put on tongue disintegrate rapidly thereby releasing the drug, which dissolve or disperses in the saliva. The faster the drug dissolved into solution, quick will be the absorption and onset of clinical effect. Mouth dissolving tablet containing solid dispersion was developed to improve the solubility of drug and stability of solid dispersion. Such tablets are disintegrate and/or dissolve rapidly in the saliva without the need for water. Hence it is regarded as the safest, most convenient and most economical method of drug delivery having the highest patient compliance. The later portion of the article focus on the progress in methods of manufacturing, evaluation and various latest technologies involved in the development of Mouth dissolving tablets. Solid dispersion is basically a drug with polymer two-component system; hence the drug–polymer interaction should be determined first in order to ensure the stability of the formulation. This review is intended to discuss the recent advances related on the area of solid dispersion technology. Since different methods are used for the preparation of solid dispersions such as fusion method, solvent method, melting solvent method, melt extrusion method, lyophilisation technique, melt agglomeration process, use of surfactant, electro spinning and super Critical Fluid Technology, of them which method is good and suitable for which type of drug. The use of Mouth dissolving dosage forms has solved various problems noted in administration of drugs to the pediatric and elderly patient, which constitutes a large proportion of the world's population. The initial focus of this review article is based on solid dispersion mainly advantages, disadvantages, types, the method of preparation, and characterization of the solid dispersion at laboratory and industrial level

Synthesis, Characterisation, and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Curcumin Analogues Bearing Pyrazole/Pyrimidine Ring Targeting EGFR Tyrosine Kinase

In search of potential therapeutics for cancer, we described herein the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro anticancer activity of a novel series of curcumin analogues. The anticancer effects were evaluated on a panel of 60 cell lines, according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) screening protocol. There were 10 tested compounds among 14 synthesized compounds, which showed potent anticancer activity in both one-dose and 5-dose assays. The most active compound of the series was 3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylstyryl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl(phenyl)methanone (10) which showed mean growth percent of −28.71 in one-dose assay and GI50 values between 0.0079 and 1.86 µM in 5-dose assay