54 research outputs found
GleichgewichtsfĂ€higkeit als zentraler Aspekt funktioneller MobilitĂ€t: Entwicklung und Validierung eines zielgruppenspezifischen, alltagsbezogenen Assessmentparadigmas fĂŒr junge Senioren
MobilitĂ€t ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung fĂŒr Gesundheit, Wohlbefinden und UnabhĂ€ngigkeit. Um diese möglichst lange beizubehalten und ein gesundes, selbststĂ€ndiges Leben zu
ermöglichen, wird in den letzten Jahren zunehmend gefordert, mit der Erkennung und Behandlung von MobilitĂ€ts- und GleichgewichtseinschrĂ€nkungen frĂŒhzeitig vor dem Auftreten
von deutlichen EinschrĂ€nkungen oder gar StĂŒrzen zu beginnen. Deshalb sind Assessments nötig, ĂŒber die beginnende subtile MobilitĂ€ts- und GleichgewichtseinschrĂ€nkungen bereits in der speziellen Zielgruppe der noch fitten jungen Senioren zwischen 60 und 70 Jahren erfasst werden können. Bisherige Ăbersichtsarbeiten zeigten allerdings, dass ein GroĂteil
der bisher verwendeten Assessments fĂŒr diese Zielgruppe keine Herausforderung darstellt. Aus diesem Grund sind die Entwicklung und Validierung von anspruchsvollen Assessments
notwendig, wodurch die Personen an die Grenzen ihrer motorischen LeistungsfÀhigkeit gebracht werden.
In vorangegangenen Studien zeigte sich die Community Balance & Mobility Scale (CBM)bereits als ein vielversprechendes, anspruchsvolles Instrument zur Erfassung der GleichgewichtsfĂ€higkeit und funktionellen MobilitĂ€t bei jĂŒngeren Senioren. Bisher war aber keine deutschsprachige Version dieser Skala verfĂŒgbar. Deshalb wurde in Manuskript I die CBM nach den internationalen âRecommendations for the Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Health Status Measuresâ aus dem Englischen ins Deutsche (G-CBM) ĂŒbersetzt und anschlieĂend
validiert. Es zeigte sich eine sehr gute Intra- (ICC3,k = 0,998; p < 0,001) und Intertester-ReliabilitĂ€t (ICC2,k = 0,996; p < 0,001) sowie eine moderate bis hohe KonstruktvaliditĂ€t (Ï = 0,32-0,85; p < 0,001). Im Vergleich zu anderen Instrumenten traten keine Deckeneffekte
auf, was auf die spezielle Eignung der G-CBM bei jungen Senioren hinweist. Insgesamt zeigte sich die G-CBM als reliables und valides Instrument zur Messung beginnender
GleichgewichtseinschrĂ€nkungen bei jungen Senioren, das nun fĂŒr den Einsatz im deutschsprachigen Raum verfĂŒgbar ist.
Ein weiteres entscheidendes Kriterium fĂŒr den Einsatz eines Assessments ist dessen DurchfĂŒhrbarkeit im Hinblick auf die benötigte Zeit und das zur VerfĂŒgung stehende Material.
FĂŒr die DurchfĂŒhrung der CBM werden zwischen 20 und 30 Minuten benötigt. Dies ist fĂŒr ihren Einsatz in der tĂ€glichen Praxis zu lang. Zudem wurden sowohl bei der Validierung der G-CBM als auch in anderen vorangegangenen Studien mögliche Redundanzen innerhalb der CBM identifiziert, was sich durch eine sehr hohe interne Konsistenz (α > 0,90) zeigte. Um die benötigte Zeit und die Redundanzen zu minimieren, wurde in Manuskript II
eine verkĂŒrzte Version der CBM, die sog. s-CBM, entwickelt und anhand anderer etablierter Erhebungsinstrumente der MobilitĂ€t und GleichgewichtsfĂ€higkeit validiert. Ăber eine explorative Faktorenanalyse wurde eine um mehr als 60 % reduzierte Version entwickelt, die anstelle von 13 Aufgaben nur noch vier Aufgaben umfasst und in etwa 10 Minuten durchzufĂŒhren ist. Im Hinblick auf die GĂŒtekriterien KonstruktvaliditĂ€t, diskriminative ValiditĂ€t und
das Auftreten von Deckeneffekten zeigten sich keine nennenswerten Unterschiede zu jenen der CBM. Dadurch kann die s-CBM als valides und praktikables Instrument zur Erfassung beginnender MobilitÀts- und GleichgewichtseinschrÀnkungen bei jungen Senioren
empfohlen werden, das auch fĂŒr den tĂ€glichen Einsatz in der Praxis geeignet ist. ZusĂ€tzlich zum Vorhandensein adĂ€quater Assessments unter Laborbedingungen ist es wichtig, den Zusammenhang dieser Assessments und der tĂ€glich durchgefĂŒhrten AktivitĂ€t junger Senioren zu kennen, um sowohl alltagsrelevante Erhebungsinstrumente als auch
Interventionen entwickeln zu können. Deshalb widmet sich Manuskript III der Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen der unter Laborbedingungen erfassten MobilitÀt und
GleichgewichtsfĂ€higkeit (KapazitĂ€t), der im alltĂ€glichen Leben durchgefĂŒhrten körperlichen AktivitĂ€t (Performanz) und den vorangegangenen StĂŒrzen junger Senioren. Als Hypothese
wurde angenommen, dass in der speziellen Zielgruppe der jungen Senioren die alltĂ€gliche Performanz und StĂŒrze von anspruchsvollen KapazitĂ€tsassessments besser abgebildet
werden als von weniger anspruchsvollen. Im Labor wurden dafĂŒr sowohl weniger anspruchsvolle Assessments wie die Erfassung der habituellen Ganggeschwindigkeit und der
Timed Up-and-Go Test als auch anspruchsvolle KapazitĂ€tsassessments wie die Erfassung der schnellen Ganggeschwindigkeit oder die Community Balance & Mobility Scale eingesetzt. Die DurchfĂŒhrung der anspruchsvollen Assessments erfolgte unter Zeit- und/oder
PrĂ€zisionsdruck. Die Performanz wurde ĂŒber sieben Tage hinweg mithilfe am Körper getragener Sensoren erfasst. Ăber validierte Algorithmen wurde der prozentuale Anteil der
Sitzzeit, der leicht aktiven Zeit und der moderat-anstrengend aktiven Zeit extrahiert. Der Zusammenhang zwischen KapazitĂ€t, Performanz und den vorangegangenen StĂŒrzen wurde mittels Korrelations-, Regressions- und Receiver Operating Characteristics-Analysen untersucht.
Die KapazitĂ€tsassessments zeigten schwache bis moderate ZusammenhĂ€nge mit der Performanz und StĂŒrzen, die anspruchsvollen jedoch stĂ€rkere (r = 0,10-0,31; p < 0,001-0,461) als die weniger anspruchsvollen (r = 0,06-0,22; p = 0,012-0,181). Die anspruchsvollen KapazitĂ€tsassessments erklĂ€rten in drei von vier Regressionsmodellen
einen signifikanten Anteil der Varianz der Performanz und StĂŒrze (2,5-8,6 %) und unterschieden am besten zwischen hoher/geringer Performanz und StĂŒrzern/Nicht-StĂŒrzern
(AUC = 0,59-0,70). Diese Ergebnisse bestÀtigen die Hypothese, dass die anspruchsvollen
Erhebungsinstrumente die Performanz und StĂŒrze junger Senioren besser widerspiegeln als einfache und bestĂ€tigen die Wichtigkeit des Einsatzes dieser Erhebungsinstrumente in
dieser Zielgruppe. Nach dem Kenntnisstand der Autorin wurde in dieser Arbeit erstmalig ein zielgruppenspezifisches,
alltagsbezogenes Assessmentparadigma fĂŒr die GleichgewichtsfĂ€higkeit und funktionelle MobilitĂ€t entwickelt, das einen Beitrag dazu leistet, beginnende MobilitĂ€ts- und GleichgewichtseinschrĂ€nkungen in der speziellen Zielgruppe der jungen Senioren zu erfassen
und deren Zusammenhang mit Performanz und StĂŒrzen widerzuspiegeln. Die Arbeit bildet damit die Grundlage fĂŒr die Entwicklung von prĂ€ventiven Interventionen zum Erhalt
der KapazitÀt und Performanz von jungen Senioren
A three-armed cognitive-motor exercise intervention to increase spatial orientation and life-space mobility in nursing home residents: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial in the PROfit project.
BackgroundIn nursing home residents, the combination of decreasing mobility and declining cognitive abilities, including spatial orientation, often leads to reduced physical activity (PA) and life-space (LS) mobility. As a consequence of sedentary behavior, there is a lack of social interaction and cognitive stimulation, resulting in low quality of life. It has not yet been examined whether cognitive-motor training including spatial cognitive tasks is suitable to improve spatial orientation and, as a consequence, to enlarge LS mobility, and increase well-being and general cognitive-motor functioning. Therefore, the overall goal of this multicentric randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to compare the effect of three different intervention approaches including functional exercise and orientation tasks on PA, LS and spatial orientation in nursing home residents.MethodsA three-arm single-blinded multicenter RCT with a wait-list control group will be conducted in a sample of 513 individuals (needed according to power analysis) in three different regions in Germany. In each nursing home, one of three different intervention approaches will be delivered to participating residents for 12âweeks, twice a week for 45âmin each: The PROfit basic group will perform functional strength, balance, flexibility, and walking exercises always at the same location, whereas the PROfit plus group changes the location three times while performing similar/the same exercises as the PROfit basic group. The PROfit orientation group receives navigation tasks in addition to the relocation during the intervention. Physical and cognitive functioning as well as psychological measures will be assessed in all study groups at baseline. Participants will then be randomized into either the intervention group or the wait-list control group. After 12âweeks, and after 24âweeks the measures will be repeated.DiscussionThis study evaluates whether the three different interventions are feasible to reduce the decline of or even improve PA, LS, and spatial orientation in nursing home residents. By adding different training locations in PROfit plus, the program is expected to be superior to PROfit basic in increasing physical and cognitive parameters. Moreover, we expect the PROfit orientation intervention to be most effective in terms of PA, LS, and spatial orientation due to two mechanisms: (1) increased physical and cognitive activity will enhance cognitive-motor capacity and (2) the spatial training will help to build up cognitive strategies to compensate for age-related loss of spatial orientation abilities and related limitations.Trial registrationThe trial was prospectively registered at DRKS.de with registration number DRKS00021423 on April 16, 2020 and was granted permission by the Technical University Berlin local ethics committee (No. GR_14_20191217)
In vivo load measurements with instrumented implants
Aquatic exercises are widely used for rehabilitation or preventive therapies
in order to enable mobilization and muscle strengthening while minimizing
joint loading of the lower limb. The load reducing effect of water due to
buoyancy is a main advantage compared to exercises on land. However, also drag
forces have to be considered that act opposite to the relative motion of the
body segments and require higher muscle activity. Due to these opposing
effects on joint loading, the load-reducing effect during aquatic exercises
remains unknown. The aim of this study was to quantify the joint loads during
various aquatic exercises and to determine the load reducing effect of water.
Instrumented knee and hip implants with telemetric data transfer were used to
measure the resultant joint contact forces in 12 elderly subjects (6x hip, 6x
knee) in vivo. Different dynamic, weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing
activities were performed by the subjects on land and in chest-high water.
Non-weight-bearing hip and knee flexion/extension was performed at different
velocities and with additional Aquafins. Joint forces during aquatic exercises
ranged between 32 and 396% body weight (BW). Highest forces occurred during
dynamic activities, followed by weight-bearing and slow non-weight-bearing
activities. Compared to the same activities on land, joint forces were reduced
by 36â55% in water with absolute reductions being greater than 100%BW during
weight-bearing and dynamic activities. During non-weight-bearing activities,
high movement velocities and additional Aquafins increased the joint forces by
up to 59% and resulted in joint forces of up to 301%BW. This study confirms
the load reducing effect of water during weight-bearing and dynamic exercises.
Nevertheless, high drag forces result in increased joint contact forces and
indicate greater muscle activity. By the choice of activity, movement velocity
and additional resistive devices joint forces can be modulated individually in
the course of rehabilitation or preventive therapies
Concurrent validity and reliability of the Community Balance and Mobility scale in young-older adults
Background: With the growing number of young-older adults (baby-boomers), there is an increasing demand for assessment tools specific for this population, which are able to detect subtle balance and mobility deficits. Various balance and mobility tests already exist, but suffer from ceiling effects in higher functioning older adults. A reliable and valid challenging balance and mobility test is critical to determine a young-older adultâs balance and mobility performance and to timely initiate preventive interventions. The aim was to evaluate the concurrent validity, inter- and intrarater reliability, internal consistency, and ceiling effects of a challenging balance and mobility scale, the Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CBM), in young-older adults aged 60 to 70Â years.
Methods: Fifty-one participants aged 66.4â±â2.7 years (range, 60â70 years) were assessed with the CBM. The Fullerton Advanced Balance scale (FAB), 3-Meter Tandem Walk (3MTW), 8-level balance scale, Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG), and 7-m habitual gait speed were used to estimate concurrent validity, examined by Spearman correlation coefficient (Ï). Inter- and intrarater reliability were calculated as Intra-class-correlations (ICC), and internal consistency by Cronbach alpha and item-total correlations (Ï). Ceiling effects were determined by obtaining the percentage of participants reaching the highest possible score.
Results: The CBM significantly correlated with the FAB (Ïâ=â0.75; pâ<â.001), 3MTW errors (Ïâ=âââ0.61; pâ<â.001), 3MTW time (Ïâ=âââ0.35; pâ=â.05), the 8-level balance scale (Ïâ=â0.35; pâ<â.05), the TUG (Ïâ=âââ0.42; pâ<â.01), and 7-m habitual gait speed (Ïâ=â0.46, pâ<â.001). Inter- (ICC2,kâ=â0.97), intrarater reliability (ICC3,kâ=â1.00) were excellent, and internal consistency (αâ=â0.88; Ïâ=â0.28â0.81) was good to satisfactory. The CBM did not show ceiling effects in contrast to other scales.
Conclusions: Concurrent validity of the CBM was good when compared to the FAB and moderate to good when compared to other measures of balance and mobility. Based on this study, the CBM can be recommended to measure balance and mobility performance in the specific population of young-older adults.
Trial registration Trial number: ISRCTN37750605 . (Registered on 21/04/2016)
Inter-rater reliability, sensitivity to change and responsiveness of the orthopaedic Wolf-Motor-Function-Test as functional capacity measure before and after rehabilitation in patients with proximal humeral fractures
Background: The incidence of proximal humeral fractures (PHF) increased by more than 30% over the last decade, which is accompanied by an increased number of operations. However, the evidence on operative vs. non-operative treatment and post-operative treatments is limited and mostly based on expert opinion. It is mandatory to objectively assess functional capacity to compare different treatments. Clinical tools should be valid, reliable and sensitive to change assessing functional capacity after PHFs. This study aimed to analyse inter-rater reliability of the videotaped Wolf-Motor-Function-Test-Orthopaedic (WMFT-O) and the association between the clinical WMFT-O and the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and to determine the sensitivity to change of the WMFT-O and the DASH to measure functional capacity before and after rehabilitation in PHF patients.
Methods: Fifty-six patients (61.7â±â14.7âyears) after surgical treatment of PHF were assessed using the WMFT-O at two different time points. To determine inter-rater reliability, the videotaped WMFT-O was evaluated through three blinded raters. Inter-rater agreement was determined by Fleissâ Kappa statistics. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the association between the clinical WMFT-O and the video rating as well as the DASH. Sensitivity to change and responsiveness were analysed for the WMFT-O and the DASH in a subsample of forty patients (53.8â±â1.4âyears) who were assessed before and after a three week robotic-assisted training intervention.
Results: Inter-rater agreement was indicated by Fleissâ Kappa values ranging from 0.33â0.66 for functional capacity and from 0.27â0.54 for quality of movement. The correlation between the clinical WMFT-O and the video rating was higher than 0.77. The correlation between the clinical WMFT-O and the DASH was weak. Sensitivity to change was high for the WMFT-O and the DASH and responsiveness was given. In comparison to the DASH, the sensitivity to change of the WMFT-O was higher.
Conclusion: The overall results indicate that the WMFT-O is a reliable, sensitive and responsive instrument to measure more objectively functional change over time in rehabilitation after PHF. Furthermore, it has been shown that video assessment is eligible for studies to ensure a full blinding of raters.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03100201. Registered on 28 March 2017. The trial was retrospectively registered
Effects of Ketamine on Postoperative Pain After Remifentanil-Based Anesthesia for Major and Minor Surgery in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has been postulated
as an adjuvant analgesic for preventing remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia after surgery.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of ketamine
[racemic mixture and S-(+)-ketamine] in reducing morphine consumption and pain
intensity scores after remifentanil-based general anesthesia. We performed a literature
search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases
in June 2017 and selected randomized controlled trials using predefined inclusion and
exclusion criteria. To minimize confounding and heterogeneity, studies of NMDA receptor
antagonists other than ketamine were excluded and the selected studies were grouped
into those assessing minor or major surgery. Methodological quality was evaluated
with the PEDro and JADA scales. The data were extracted and meta-analyses were
performed where possible. Twelve RCTs involving 156 adults who underwent minor
surgery and 413 adults who underwentmajor surgery were included in themeta-analysis.
When used as an adjuvant to morphine, ketamine reduced postoperative morphine
consumption in the first 24 h and postoperative pain intensity in the first 2 h in the minor
and major surgery groups. It was also associated with significantly reduced pain intensity
in the first 24 h in the minor surgery group. Time to the first rescue analgesia was longer in
patients who received ketamine and underwent major surgery. No significant differences
in the incidence of ketamine-related adverse effects were observed among patients in
the intervention group and controls. This systematic review and meta-analysis show that
low-dose (<0.5 mg/kg for iv bolus or <5 ÎŒg/kg/min for iv perfusion) of ketamine reduces
postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity without increasing the incidence
of adverse effects
The influence of employer branding on absence management
In der vorliegenden Bachelorthesis wird der Einfluss von Employer Branding auf Fehlzeitenmanagement untersucht. Es wird analysiert, inwiefern das Employer Branding dazu beitragen kann, Fehlzeiten in Unternehmen zu reduzieren. In den ersten drei Kapiteln werden neben der Thematisierung von theoretischen Grundlagen zum Employer Branding und Fehlzeitenmanagement, relevante Begrifflichkeiten in diesem Zusammenhang in der öffentlichen Diskussion betrachtet. Im Anschluss folgen die GegenĂŒberstellung des Employer Brandings und Fehlzeitenmanagements, sowie die Vorstellung von Employer Branding Kampagnen bei Henkel und Audi. InVerbindung mit der Interpretation von Experteninterviews wird der Bezug zur unternehmerischen Praxis hergestellt. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, Erfolgsfaktoren, Handlungsempfehlungen und Zukunftsperspektiven aufzuzeigen
Ăkobilanz von StahlmodulgebĂ€uden - Stand, Potentiale, Entwicklungen
Wie sieht es bei GebĂ€uden, die in Modulbauweise errichtet wurden, mit dem Lebenszyklus aus? Kann der Stahlmodulbau auch aus ökologischer Perspektive punkten? Das Fraunhofer-Institut fĂŒr Bauphysik hat zusammen mit dem Modulbauhersteller KLEUSBERG eine Lebenszyklusbetrachtung an dem Beispiel eines StahlmodulgebĂ€udes durchgefĂŒhrt. Der BĂŒrokomplex ist als AusweichgebĂ€ude fĂŒr die Sanierungs- und ModernisierungsmaĂnahmen auf dem Otto-Campus in Hamburg errichtet worden
- âŠ