Apparent Molal Volume of Tetraalkylammonium Iodides in Water-Methanol Mixtures of Varying Dielectric Constants

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Variation of hemodynamic response following induction and tracheal intubation: etomidate vs midazolam

Background: Induction and endotracheal intubation are invariably associated with certain cardiovascular changes during anaesthesia practice and can lead to sudden swings of blood pressure, arrhythmias, MI and cardiovascular collapse especially in geriatric and haemodynamically unstable patients. Therefore it is desirable to use a safer agent with fewer adverse effects to minimise these complications. Present prospective randomized study is designed to compare the haemodynamic alterations and various adverse effects following induction with etomidate and midazolam.Methods: Hundred ASA I and II patients of age group 18-60 years scheduled for elective surgical procedure under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups of 50 each receiving etomidate (0.3mg/kg) and midazolam (0.15mgk/kg) as an induction agent. Vital parameters before and after induction and thereafter at specified time interval following laryngoscopy and intubation were recorded for comparison. Adverse effect viz. pain on injection, apnea and myoclonic activity were also carefully watched.Results: Demographic variables in both the groups were comparable. Patients in both the groups showed little change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) from baseline value (p >0.05). Pain on injection and myoclonic activity were seen in etomidate group while delayed awakening was seen with Midazolam group.Conclusions: This study concludes that both etomidate and midazolam provides haemodynamic stability but Midazolam can be preferred as an induction agent in view of fewer side effects

Network Auditing and Implementation of NTP Client in OMAP 5912

This Project work has been divided into three parts. In the first part, we deal with the Linux operating system administration and virtualization of Linux servers over Windows 2003. In the second part , an audit was carried out on Network of NIT Rourkela using network tools like Nessus, Snort 2.6,Nmap, Cain and Able, GFI Languard, Ethereal. In the third part we implemented the Network Time Protocol client in OMAP 5912 development kit

Attenuation of stress response to laryngoscopy and intubation: sublingual nitroglycerin spray vs intravenous fentanyl and sublingual nitroglycerin spray

Background: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation is invariably associated with certain cardiovascular changes such as tachycardia, rise in blood pressure and a wide variety of cardiac arrhythmias. 1 Such complications are highly detrimental in patients with limited cardiovascular reserve specially in geriatric and elderly population. Various pharmacological agents have been used to attenuate these stress responses but none has yet been considered ideal. Therefore, purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of sublingual Nitroglycerine spray alone and sublingual Nitroglycerine spray with intravenous Fentanyl to attenuate the pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation in normotensive patients.Methods: A total of 120 ASA I and II patients of age group 18-60 years scheduled for elective surgical procedure under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups of 40 in each group. Group 1 control group, Group 2, received NTG sub-lingual spray (0.4mg/spray) two min. before induction, and Group 3 received inj. Fentanyl (2µg/kg) 5min before + NTG sub-lingual spray (0.4 mg/spray) 2min before induction. Vital parameters before and after induction and thereafter at specified time interval following laryngoscopy and intubation were recorded for comparison.Results: Demographic characteristics and baseline vital parameters in both the groups were comparable. Significant differences in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were observed in between the groups during postintubation period.Conclusions: Combination of intravenous Fentanyl plus Nitroglycerin spray is more effective than NTG alone in attenuating the stress response following laryngoscopy and intubation

A clinical comparative study of two intubating doses of cis-atracurium during general anaesthesia for gynaecological surgery

Background: Cisatracurium is one of the cis-cis isomer of atracurium (51W89:1R-cis 1’R-cis atracurium) an intermediate duration non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking drug and is devoid of histamine release. However, 2× ED95 dose of cisatracurium does not provide satisfactory intubating condition. The recommended intubating dose of cisatracurium is 3 ×ED95. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare duration of action, hemodynamic effects and any adverse effects for different doses of cisatracurium.Methods: After Institutional Ethical Committee approval and informed patient consent, 80 patients of ASA I and II in the age group of 20-60 years were selected and included in the study. Patients were divided in two groups of 40 each, group A received intravenously 3×ED95 (0.15 mg/kg) loading dose of cisatracurium and group B received intravenously 4×ED95 (0.2 mg/kg) loading dose of cisatracurium.Results: After induction, MAP and HR shows decrease in both groups but neither statistically nor clinically significant. Better hemodynamic stability and longer duration of action was found in group B compared to group A. No adverse effects noted in both groups.Conclusions: 4×ED95 dose of cisatracurium provides longer duration of action and more stable hemodynamic status than 3×ED95. No associated signs of histamine release were detected clinically

Water Stress Assessment in Jharkhand State Using Soil Data and GIS

In this paper an attempt has been made to study the interrelationship of water resources available with that of soil class and its properties including soil drainage and erosional characteristics which has been used to generate drainage stress map and water stress map inferring the basic reason for water scarcity in the district of Jharkhand, India. It has been found that 62.71% of soil is classified as well \u2013 excessively drained soils whereas only 18.13% of soil is imperfectly-poorly drained. It was also found that only 12.31% and 28.4% of total soil show slight erosion and severe erosion characteristics whereas remaining is moderately eroded. Jharkhand state is facing acute water crisis and due to lowering of ground water table. Thus this work would help the administrators and decision makers in assessing the role of soil in groundwater recharge. It has been concluded that soil is an important factor that controls ground water recharge and water stress of the region. GIS has proved to be an important tool in assessing the area in short span of time. An attempt has been made to highlight that there are various natural parameters that control ground water recharge and soil is one of the controlling parameter in Jharkhand (INDIA)

Machine Learning-Based Sentiment Analysis of Incoming Calls on Helpdesk

In today's daily life we are getting so many anonymous calls. Some calls are related to loan marketing and finance. As per the survey, one person is getting 26% spam calls in a day. The proposed methodology accepts user calls and based on the conversation the spam numbers are identified and the same information is provided to the other callers. This is possible because of machine learning-based sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis is the subdomain of machine learning. The goal of this research is to propose an adaptive methodology for incoming calls. The sentiment-based incoming calls help desk works with freely available lexical resources WordNet, SemCor, and OMSTI. The discussed methodology accepts user conversations in audio format the speech-to-text conversion of the audio will be done. After pre-processing the keyword is detected from the statement. The word2Vec word embedding technique is used for representing words from document space to vector space. The 150-200 dimensional word vector is generated. The WordNet is used for sense mapping and keyword identification. Based on the sentiment analysis of input calls the decision is taken whether to accept or reject calls. This methodology is generating superior results for supervised machine learning models

Prediction of overall survival for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer : development of a prognostic model through a crowdsourced challenge with open clinical trial data

Background Improvements to prognostic models in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have the potential to augment clinical trial design and guide treatment strategies. In partnership with Project Data Sphere, a not-for-profit initiative allowing data from cancer clinical trials to be shared broadly with researchers, we designed an open-data, crowdsourced, DREAM (Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods) challenge to not only identify a better prognostic model for prediction of survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer but also engage a community of international data scientists to study this disease. Methods Data from the comparator arms of four phase 3 clinical trials in first-line metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were obtained from Project Data Sphere, comprising 476 patients treated with docetaxel and prednisone from the ASCENT2 trial, 526 patients treated with docetaxel, prednisone, and placebo in the MAINSAIL trial, 598 patients treated with docetaxel, prednisone or prednisolone, and placebo in the VENICE trial, and 470 patients treated with docetaxel and placebo in the ENTHUSE 33 trial. Datasets consisting of more than 150 clinical variables were curated centrally, including demographics, laboratory values, medical history, lesion sites, and previous treatments. Data from ASCENT2, MAINSAIL, and VENICE were released publicly to be used as training data to predict the outcome of interest-namely, overall survival. Clinical data were also released for ENTHUSE 33, but data for outcome variables (overall survival and event status) were hidden from the challenge participants so that ENTHUSE 33 could be used for independent validation. Methods were evaluated using the integrated time-dependent area under the curve (iAUC). The reference model, based on eight clinical variables and a penalised Cox proportional-hazards model, was used to compare method performance. Further validation was done using data from a fifth trial-ENTHUSE M1-in which 266 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were treated with placebo alone. Findings 50 independent methods were developed to predict overall survival and were evaluated through the DREAM challenge. The top performer was based on an ensemble of penalised Cox regression models (ePCR), which uniquely identified predictive interaction effects with immune biomarkers and markers of hepatic and renal function. Overall, ePCR outperformed all other methods (iAUC 0.791; Bayes factor >5) and surpassed the reference model (iAUC 0.743; Bayes factor >20). Both the ePCR model and reference models stratified patients in the ENTHUSE 33 trial into high-risk and low-risk groups with significantly different overall survival (ePCR: hazard ratio 3.32, 95% CI 2.39-4.62, p Interpretation Novel prognostic factors were delineated, and the assessment of 50 methods developed by independent international teams establishes a benchmark for development of methods in the future. The results of this effort show that data-sharing, when combined with a crowdsourced challenge, is a robust and powerful framework to develop new prognostic models in advanced prostate cancer.Peer reviewe

Topical application of substance P promotes wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

a b s t r a c t Substance P (SP) is known to stimulate angiogenesis, fibroblasts proliferation and expressions of cytokines and growth factors involved in wound healing. However, SP level reduces in dermis in diabetics and, hence, it was hypothesized that exogenously applied SP could be helpful in improving wound healing in diabetic rats. Excision skin wound was created on the back of diabetic rats and rats were divided into three groups i.e. (i) saline-, (ii) gel-and (iii) SP-treated. Normal saline, pluronic gel and SP (10 À6 M) in gel were topically applied once daily for 19 days. SP treatment significantly increased the wound closure, levels of interleukin-10, and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta1, heme oxygenase-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, whereas it significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and matrix metalloproteinases-9 in the granulation/healing tissue. The inflammatory cells were present for long time in normal saline-treated group. Histological evaluation revealed better extracellular matrix formation with marked fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in SP-treated group. Early epithelial layer formation, increased microvessel density and greater growth associated protein-43 positive nerve fibers were also evidenced in SP-treated group. In conclusion, SP treatment markedly accelerated cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats