Comparacion de la memoria de trabajo en ninos con dificultades en el lenguaje en edad escolar

72 p.Este estudio compara el desempeño que tienen niños con y sin dificultades de lenguaje en tareas de memoria de trabajo. Existe gran controversia si los sujetos escolares que presentan dificultades de lenguaje tienen menor rendimiento en aspectos cognitivos como la memoria de trabajo. Los sujetos del estudio corresponderán a escolares pertenecientes a la ciudad de Talca. Se dividirán en dos grupos, de los cuales uno corresponde al grupo experimental y el otro al grupo control. El grupo experimental lo conformarán 20 sujetos que presenten dificultades de lenguaje, cuyas edades fluctúen entre los 7 y 7,11 años. Y el grupo control lo conformarán 20 sujetos sin dificultades de lenguaje cuyas edades fluctúen entre los 7 y 7,11 años

Identification of agonists for a group of human odorant receptors

Olfaction plays a critical role in several aspects of the human life. Odorants are detected by hundreds of odorant receptors (ORs) which belong to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are expressed in the olfactory sensory neurons of the nose. The information provided by the activation of different combinations of ORs in the nose is transmitted to the brain, leading to odorant perception and emotional and behavioral responses. There are ~400 intact human ORs, and to date only a small percentage of these receptors (~10%) have known agonists. The determination of the specificity of the human ORs will contribute to a better understanding of how odorants are discriminated by the olfactory system. In this work, we aimed to identify human specific ORs, that is, ORs that are present in humans but absent from other species, and their corresponding agonists. To do this, we first selected 22 OR gene sequences from the human genome with no counterparts in the mouse, rat or dog genomes. Then we used a heterologous expression system to screen a subset of these human ORs against a panel of odorants of biological relevance, including foodborne aroma volatiles. We found that different types of odorants are able to activate some of these previously uncharacterized human ORs

The P450 oxidoreductase, RedA, controls development beyond the mound stage in Dictyostelium discoideum

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>NADPH-cytochrome-P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) is a ubiquitous enzyme that belongs to a family of diflavin oxidoreductases and is required for activity of the microsomal cytochrome-P450 monooxygenase system. CPR gene-disruption experiments have demonstrated that absence of this enzyme causes developmental defects both in mouse and insect.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Annotation of the sequenced genome of <it>D. discoideum </it>revealed the presence of three genes (<it>redA</it>, <it>redB </it>and <it>redC</it>) that encode putative members of the diflavin oxidoreductase protein family. <it>redA </it>transcripts are present during growth and early development but then decline, reaching undetectable levels after the mound stage. <it>redB </it>transcripts are present in the same levels during growth and development while <it>redC </it>expression was detected only in vegetative growing cells. We isolated a mutant strain of <it>Dictyostelium discoideum </it>following restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI) mutagenesis in which <it>redA </it>was disrupted. This mutant develops only to the mound stage and accumulates a bright yellow pigment. The mound-arrest phenotype is cell-autonomous suggesting that the defect occurs within the cells rather than in intercellular signaling.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The developmental arrest due to disruption of <it>redA </it>implicates CPR in the metabolism of compounds that control cell differentiation.</p

Procedencia del instituto nacional de derechos humanos como mecanismo eficaz en la promocion y proteccion de los derechos humanos en Chile : Analisis de sus antecedentes y criticas del proyecto

133 p.La presente Memoria, tiene por objeto principal analizar la procedencia del Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos, como mecanismo eficaz en la promoción y protección de los Derechos Humanos en nuestro país. La investigación de esta temática obedece a que con la dictación de la Ley 20.405 que crea el Instituto, Chile ha dado un importante paso en materia de Derechos Humanos, desde la recuperación de la democracia, ya que la historia de nuestro país ha estado marcada por numerosos crímenes y violaciones a los Derechos Humanos, especialmente ocurridos durante la dictadura. En este sentido, al Instituto se le ha otorgado importantes atribuciones,basadas en las tareas investigativas, sancionatorias y de reparación a las víctimas. Para alcanzar el objetivo, se efectuará un análisis de sus antecedentes, para luego confrontarlo con las críticas y recomendaciones, tanto de organismos nacionales como internacionales, de las cuales no ha estado exento en la actualidad./ ABSTRACT: The present Memory analyzes the origin of Human Rights National Institute as an effective mechanism in the promotion and protection of Human rights in our country. Is investigation is due to the promulgation of the Law 20.405 which creates the Institute, Chile has taken an important step in Human Rights matters, since the recovery of the democracy, besides our country’s history was marked by numerous crimes and violations to human rights, specially happened during the military’s dictatorship. In that sense, the institute has gained important attributions, based on researching, punitive and reparations to victims, tasks. In order to achieve that objective, there will be analysed its antecedents, and then confront it with the critiques and recommendations, both from national and international organisms, from which it has not been exempt actually

The Abundance Distribution in the Extrasolar-Planet Host Star HD19994

Abundances of 22 elements have been determined from a high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectrum of HD19994, a star recently announced as harboring an extrasolar planet. A detailed spectroscopic analysis of this stars finds it to have a mass of 1.2+/-0.1Msun. HD19994 is found to be slightly enriched in "metals" relative to the Sun 9[Fe/H]=+0.09+/-0.05 and an average of all metals of [m/H]=+0.13), as are most stars known with extrasolar planets. In a search for possible signatures of accretion of metal-rich gas onto the parent stars (using HD19994 and published abundances for other stars), it is found that a small subset of stars with planets exhibit a trend of increasing [X/H] with increasing condensation temperature for a given element X. This trend may point to the accretion of chemically fractionated solid material into the outer (thin) convection zones of these solar-type stars. It is also found that this small group of stars exhibiting an accretion signature all have large planets orbiting much closer than is found, in general, for stars with planets not showing this peculiar abundance trend, suggesting a physical link between accretion and orbital separation. In addition, the stars showing evidence of fractionated accretion are, on average, of larger mass (1.2Msun) than stars not showing measurable evidence of accretion (1.0Msun).Comment: 19 pages, 4 tables, 13 figures, Astronomical Journal, in pres

Impacts of the shift from distressed pavements to low noise pavements in motorways – a case study in Portugal

Road traffic noise is a relevant environmental problem, resulting essentially from the contact mechanisms between tyre and pavement surface. According to the current legislation, noise management actions must primarily intervene at the source. BRISA is employing efforts to determine pavement influence as a parameter of source noise reduction in order to address the well-being of the population surrounding highways and simultaneously comply with European directives regarding Environmental Noise evaluation and management. This Project evaluates the environmental noise effects of replacing a wearing course of Porous and Bituminous Asphalt at end-of-life for a course of SMA12, using two different methodologies for tyre-road noise measurement: the Statistical Pass-By method and the Close Proximity method

ATP released by intestinal bacteria limits the generation of protective IgA against enteropathogens

T cell dependent secretory IgA (SIgA) generated in the Peyer’s patches (PPs) of the small intestine shapes a broadly diverse microbiota that is crucial for host physiology. The mutualistic co-evolution of host and microbes led to the relative tolerance of host’s immune system towards commensal microorganisms. The ATP-gated ionotropic P2X7 receptor limits T follicular helper (Tfh) cells expansion and germinal center (GC) reaction in the PPs. Here we show that transient depletion of intestinal ATP can dramatically improve high-affinity IgA response against both live and inactivated oral vaccines. Ectopic expression of Shigella flexneri periplasmic ATP-diphosphohydrolase (apyrase) abolishes ATP release by bacteria and improves the specific IgA response against live oral vaccines. Antibody responses primed in the absence of intestinal extracellular ATP (eATP) also provide superior protection from enteropathogenic infection. Thus, modulation of eATP in the small intestine can affect highaffinity IgA response against gut colonizing bacteria

Cardiovascular disease risk factors and psychological distress among Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Studies show that cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are correlated with psychological distress, yet research examining these relationships among Hispanic/Latinos is lacking. The population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos enrolled a cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults (N = 16,415) ages 18–74 years at time of recruitment, from four US metropolitan areas, between March 2008 to June 2011. Psychological distress (i.e., 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, 10 item Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale, and a combined depression/anxiety score), socio-demographics (i.e., age, education, income, insurance, sex, and Hispanic/Latino background), acculturation (i.e., country of birth and language preference), and traditional CVD risk factors (i.e., dyslipidemia, obesity, current cigarette smoking, diabetes, and hypertension) were assessed at baseline. Associations between CVD risk factors and psychological distress measures by sex were examined using multiple linear regression models, accounting for complex survey design and sampling weights, and controlling for socio-demographic and acculturation covariates. In adjusted analyses, all three psychological distress measures were significantly related to smoking. For females, greater psychological distress was significantly related to obesity and current smoking. For males, diabetes and current smoking was associated with psychological distress. For males and females, dyslipidemia and hypertension were not associated with psychological distress after adjusting for other factors. Elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with CVD risk factors for Hispanic/Latino men and women. However, these results were not consistent across Hispanic/Latino groups. As promoted by the integrative care model, psychosocial concerns should be considered in research on CVD risk and chronic disease prevention

Records of Olive Ridley Marine Turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea Eschscholtz 1829) in Venezuelan Waters: A Review of Historical Data Sets and Threats

We assess all the records of olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) in an exhaustive review of multiple data sources between 1977 and 2018 in Venezuela. We compiled 35 records of olive ridleys in the country. Our findings confirm the almost year-round presence of this species in Venezuelan waters

The Opacity of Nearby Galaxies from Colors and Counts of Background Galaxies: I. The Synthetic Field Method and its Application to NGC 4536 and NGC 3664

We describe a new, direct method for determining the opacity of foreground galaxies which does not require any a priori assumptions about the spatial distribution or the reddening law of the obscuring material. The method is to measure the colors and counts of background galaxies which can be identified through the foreground system. The method is calibrated, and the effects of confusion and obscuration are decoupled by adding various versions of a suitable deep reference frame containing only field galaxies with known properties into the image of the foreground galaxy, and analyzing these ``synthetic field'' images in the same way as the real images. We test the method on HST WFPC2 archived images of two galaxies which are quite different: NGC 4536 is a large Sc spiral, and NGC 3664 is a small Magellanic irregular. The reference frames are taken from the Hubble Deep Field. From the background galaxy counts, NGC 4536 shows an extinction A_I ~ 1 mag in the northwestern arm region, and lower than 0.5 mag in the corresponding interarm region (no correction for inclination has been attempted). However, from the galaxy colors, the same reddening of E(V - I) ~ 0.2 is observed in both the arm and the interarm regions. In the interarm region, the combination of extinction and reddening can be explained by a diffuse component with a Galactic reddening law (R_V ~ 3). In the spiral arm, however, the same diffuse, low opacity component seems to coexist with regions of much higher opacity. Since the exposures are shorter the results for NGC 3664 are less clear, but also appear to be consistent with a two component distribution.Comment: 42 pages, 18 figures; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 506, October 10, 199