University setting and infrastructure for the people’s well-being: Universidad de Guadalajara in the face of the pandemic

From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, the University of Guadalajara (UdeG) placed its infrastructure, —particularly schools, laboratories, research centers and institutes, and departments related to the areas of health and human resources— at the service of civil authorities and the population in general. Before any other public university in Mexico, UdeG implemented and published measures to prevent COVID-19 infections, which began with the suspension of public meetings and face-to-face activities, and the installation of a Health Situation Room, and which continued with the Enabling of the Active COVID-19 Detection System, the reconversion of the Civil Hospitals of Guadalajara, until reaching the Design of the Vaccination Plan, to name a few. The objective of this article is to describe how actions related to the management of the university environment and infrastructure not only put the largest state public university in the country at people’s service as never before, but also about how we have been forced to reconceptualize the mission and vision of higher education based on the needs identified during the pandemic, from a humanistic, integrative, unitary, global and interdisciplinary perspective.Keyword: COVID-19, universities, setting and infrastructure, health sciences, innovatio

Students’ need satisfaction and frustration profiles: Differences in outcomes in physical education and physical activity-related variables

Grounded in self-determination theory, the objectives of the present research were to identify latent profiles based on need-based experiences in physical education (PE), and to examine differences in outcomes in PE (i.e. motivation, experiences, and oppositional defiance) and outside of PE (i.e. physical activity intention, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and meeting physical activity recommendations) across the identified profiles. A purposive sample of 1062 secondary PE students (526 boys and 536 girls; Mage  = 14.15, SD = 1.51) participated in this cross-sectional study. Results from latent profile analysis revealed four need satisfaction and frustration profiles: “high need satisfaction–low need frustration”; “moderate need satisfaction–low need frustration”; “moderate need satisfaction–moderate need frustration”; and “low need satisfaction–high need frustration.” For outcomes in PE, the “high need satisfaction–low need frustration” profile was the most adaptive, while the “low need satisfaction–high need frustration” profile obtained the most maladaptive pattern of outcomes. The “moderate need satisfaction–low need frustration” profile was more adaptive than the “moderate need satisfaction–moderate need frustration” profile, although both were similar in experiences and oppositional defiance. For outcomes outside of PE, the “high need satisfaction–low need frustration” profile scored highest, while no differences were obtained among the three remaining profiles. These results provide further insight into the importance for PE teachers not only to support students’ need satisfaction, but also to minimize need frustration, in obtaining the most optimal pattern of outcomes in PE, as well as a more active lifestyle among students

Influence of Internal and External Controlling Teaching Behaviors on Students’ Motivational Outcomes in Physical Education: Is There a Gender Difference?

Purpose: Grounded in self-determination theory, this study examined gender latent mean differences in students’ perceptions of externally and internally controlling teaching behaviors, basic psychological need frustration, controlled motivation, amotivation, and oppositional defiance in the physical education context. Moreover, it analyzed the differentiated role that internal and external controlling behaviors play on these self-determination theory-related variables among girls and boys. Method: A sample of 1,118 students (Mage = 14.11 ± 1.50; 50.9% girls) participated in this research. A multigroup structural equation modeling approach was used to respond to the research questions. Results: Analyses revealed that girls reported more maladaptive outcomes in most self-determination theory-related variables than boys. Although externally and internally controlling behaviors of physical education teachers were positively related to maladaptive outcomes, the behaviors correlate differently between boys and girls. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of reducing externally controlling behaviors in boys and internally controlling behaviors in both genders, but particularly in girls

Expert System to Real Time Control of Machining Processes

Industrial machining processes use automated milling machines. These machines are connected to a control device that provides the basic instructions used to obtain a piece. However, these processes depend on the human decision to diagnose and correct in real time the inaccuracies that can occur. In this work we present an expert system to real time control of machining processes using the information provided by sensors located on the machine. This system has been implemented as a prototype in a Kondia 600 milling machine with a FAGOR 8025-MG control device

A Poglut1 mutation causes a muscular dystrophy with reduced Notch signaling and satellite cell loss

Skeletal muscle regeneration by muscle satellite cells is a physiological mechanism activated upon muscle damage and regulated by Notch signaling. In a family with autosomal recessive limbgirdle muscular dystrophy, we identified a missense mutation in POGLUT1 (protein O-glucosyltransferase 1), an enzyme involved in Notch posttranslational modification and function. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the mutation reduces Oglucosyltransferase activity on Notch and impairs muscle development. Muscles from patients revealed decreased Notch signaling, dramatic reduction in satellite cell pool and a muscle-specific adystroglycan hypoglycosylation not present in patients’ fibroblasts. Primary myoblasts from patients showed slow proliferation, facilitated differentiation, and a decreased pool of quiescent PAX7+ cells. A robust rescue of the myogenesis was demonstrated by increasing Notch signaling. None of these alterations were found in muscles from secondary dystroglycanopathy patients. These data suggest that a key pathomechanism for this novel form of muscular dystrophy is Notch-dependent loss of satellite cells.Junta de Andalucía PI-0017-201

Analyses of Genetic Diversity in the Endangered “Berrenda” Spanish Cattle Breeds Using Pedigree Data

Pedigree analyses of two endangered cattle breeds were performed in order to study the structure and the genetic variability in their populations. Pedigree data were analyzed from 12,057 individuals belonging to the “Berrenda en Negro” cattle breed (BN) and 20,389 individuals belonging to the “Berrenda en Colorado” cattle breed (BC) that were born between 1983 and 2020. BN and BC reference populations (RP) were set up by 2300 and 3988 animals, respectively. The generation interval in BN and BC reference populations was equal to 6.50 and 6.92 years, respectively. The pedigree completeness level was 82.76% in BN and 79.57% in BC. The inbreeding rates were 4.5% in BN and 3.4% in BC, respectively. The relationship among animals when they were born in different herds was 1.8% in BN and 5% in BC; these values increased to 8.5% and 7.7%, respectively when comparing animals that were born in the same herd. The effective number of founding herds was 23.9 in BN and 60.9 in BC. Number of ancestors needed to explain 50% of genes pool in the whole population was 50 and 101, in BN and in BC, respectively. The effective population size based on co-ancestries was 92.28 in BN and 169.92 in BC. The genetic variability has been maintained in both populations over time and the results of this study suggest that measures to promote the conservation of the genetic variability in these two breeds would go through for the exchange of breeding animals among farms and for monitoring the genetic contributions before implementing any selective action

Is high teacher directiveness always negative? Associations with students’ motivational outcomes in physical education

This study investigates how perceived competence-supportive and externally and internally controlling styles can be combined and associated with different students' motivational outcomes in Physical Education (PE). In a sample of 1107 students, results revealed that while competence-support positively related to need satisfaction and autonomous motivation, external and internal control positively related to need frustration, controlled motivation, amotivation, and oppositional defiance. Of the four identified profiles, the “high competence-support–low control” profile was the most adaptive, while the “low competence-support–very high control” profile was the most maladaptive. Findings suggest that PE teachers combine both styles with differentiated students’ motivational outcomes

Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of a Scale to Measure Perceived External and Internal Faces of Controlling Teaching among Students in Physical Education

Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics and Committee for Clinical Research of Aragon (PI15/0283, 21 11 2015). Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Data Availability Statement: Data availability on request due to restrictions privacy or ethical.There are no validated instruments to date that have examined the students’ perceptions of externally and internally controlling teaching practices in physical education (PE). Grounded in self-determination theory, the objective of this research was to provide validity and reliability evidence of the Controlling Teaching Scale for Physical Education (CTS-PE) to assess the external and internal faces of controlling teaching in PE through two sequential studies. In Study 1 (n = 241 students), an exploratory factor analysis revealed an eight-item two-factor solution (four items per factor). In Study 2 (n = 968 students), a confirmatory factor analysis supported the eight-item two-factor correlated model (i.e., externally and internally controlling teaching) that was invariant across gender. Reliability coefficients indicated an acceptable level of reliability for the two factors of the CTS-PE. A structural equation modelling showed that externally and internally controlling teaching behaviours positively predicted need frustration, and negatively need satisfaction. The current study gathered evidence to consider the CTS-PE as a valid and reliable instrument to assess students’ perceptions of PE teachers’ externally and internally controlling teaching behaviours. The CTS-PE provides PE teachers with deeper insights into the negative psychological experiences associated with externally and internally controlling teaching behaviours in PE.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) EDU2013-42048-

Trabajo de final del máster en formación del profesorado

Trabajo de final de máster consistente en una memoria sobre las competencias adquiridas y trabajadas, el análisis de dos trabajos significativos de nuestro período formativo, y unas conclusiones y propuestas de futuro como docente de filosofía

Genome diversity of marine phages recovered from Mediterranean metagenomes: Size matters

Marine viruses play a critical role not only in the global geochemical cycles but also in the biology and evolution of their hosts. Despite their importance, viral diversity remains underexplored mostly due to sampling and cultivation challenges. Direct sequencing approaches such as viromics has provided new insights into the marine viral world. As a complementary approach, we analysed 24 microbial metagenomes ( > 0.2 μm size range) obtained from six sites in the Mediterranean Sea that vary by depth, season and filter used to retrieve the fraction. Filter-size comparison showed a significant number of viral sequences that were retained on the larger-pore filters and were different from those found in the viral fraction from the same sample, indicating that some important viral information is missing using only assembly from viromes. Besides, we were able to describe 1,323 viral genomic fragments that were more than 10Kb in length, of which 36 represented complete viral genomes including some of them retrieved from a cross-assembly from different metagenomes. Host prediction based on sequence methods revealed new phage groups belonging to marine prokaryotes like SAR11, Cyanobacteria or SAR116. We also identified the first complete virophage from deep seawater and a new endemic clade of the recently discovered Marine group II Euryarchaeota virus. Furthermore, analysis of viral distribution using metagenomes and viromes indicated that most of the new phages were found exclusively in the Mediterranean Sea and some of them, mostly the ones recovered from deep metagenomes, do not recruit in any database probably indicating higher variability and endemicity in Mediterranean bathypelagic waters. Together these data provide the first detailed picture of genomic diversity, spatial and depth variations of viral communities within the Mediterranean Sea using metagenome assemblyThis work was supported by projects MEDIMAX BFPU2013-48007-P, VIREVO CGL2016- 76273-P [AEI/FEDER, EU], (cofunded with FEDER funds) and Acciones de dinaminación REDES DE EXCELENCIA CONSOLIDER CGL2015-71523- REDC, from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; and project AQUAMET PROMETEOII/2014/012 from Generalitat Valenciana. JMHM was supported with a PhD fellowship from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BES-2014-067828). MLP was supported with a Postdoctoral fellowship from the Valencian Consellería de Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport (APOSTD/2016/051). RGS was supported with a Predoctoral fellowship from the Valencian Consellería de Educació Investigació, Cultura i Esport (ACIF/2016/050