The future roadmap of in-vehicle network processing: a HW-centric (R-)evolution

© 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.The automotive industry is undergoing a deep revolution. With the race towards autonomous driving, the amount of technologies, sensors and actuators that need to be integrated in the vehicle increases exponentially. This imposes new great challenges in the vehicle electric/electronic (E/E) architecture and, especially, in the In-Vehicle Network (IVN). In this work, we analyze the evolution of IVNs, and focus on the main network processing platform integrated in them: the Gateway (GW). We derive the requirements of Network Processing Platforms that need to be fulfilled by future GW controllers focusing on two perspectives: functional requirements and structural requirements. Functional requirements refer to the functionalities that need to be delivered by these network processing platforms. Structural requirements refer to design aspects which ensure the feasibility, usability and future evolution of the design. By focusing on the Network Processing architecture, we review the available options in the state of the art, both in industry and academia. We evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each architecture in terms of the coverage provided for the functional and structural requirements. In our analysis, we detect a gap in this area: there is currently no architecture fulfilling all the requirements of future automotive GW controllers. In light of the available network processing architectures and the current technology landscape, we identify Hardware (HW) accelerators and custom processor design as a key differentiation factor which boosts the devices performance. From our perspective, this points to a need - and a research opportunity - to explore network processing architectures with a strong HW focus, unleashing the potential of next-generation network processors and supporting the demanding requirements of future autonomous and connected vehicles.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Factors Promoting Environmental Responsibility in European SMEs: The Effect on Performance

There is increasing social and political awareness of the importance of developing environmental responsibility at a corporate level. When focusing on issues of responsibility, large companies are frequently perceived to be more responsible for driving climate change and resource depletion. However, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) contribute significantly to the use of resources such as material and energy and produce approximately 64% of the pollution in Europe. Drawing on evidence from “The Eurobarometer 381 Survey on SMEs, Resource Efficiency and Green Markets”, we analyze the environmental responsibility of European SMEs, studying their compliance with environmental legislation and how several factors drive environmental orientation among SMEs. Our sample consists of 3647 SMEs operating in 38 countries. Only around a fifth of the firms go beyond environmental regulations, showing the highest levels of environmental responsibility. We conduct OLS regressions to analyze the factors that affect a positive environmental attitude among European SMEs (internal drivers being more significant than external ones) and then, to observe the positive effect of environmental responsibility and firm’s experience in offering green services/products on performance, although a conjoint effect was not found. Implications for practitioners, academics, and policy-makers are outlined

The Pursuit of External Knowledge in Eco-Innovation. Analysis of the Agri-Food Sector in Spain

The research about the search for opportunities through open cooperation strategies points to an exchange of knowledge among a certain number of sources, aimed at sustaining competitive advantage. From this new vision emerges the paradigm of open innovation, which has prompted a change in the organization of resources, information filtering, and rapid absorptive capacity. Awareness of climate problems and external societal pressures can motivate companies to create new technologies and new forms of cooperation to avoid environmental problems. Based on a survey of Spanish agri-food firms, we find that the depth of external sources of innovation increases environmental improvement in a U-shaped relationship

Spectral response of dielectric nano-antennas in the far- and near-field regimes

Recent studies show that the spectral behaviour of localized surface plasmon resonances (LPSRs) in metallic nanoparticles su er from both a redshift and a broadening in the transition from the far- to the near-field regimes. An interpretation of this efect was given in terms of the evanescent and propagating components of the angular spectrum representation of the radiated eld. Due to the increasing interest awakened by magnetodielectric materials as a both low-loss material option for nanotechnology applications, and also for their particular scattering properties, here we study the spectral response of a magnetodielectric nanoparticle as a basic element of a dielectric nano-antenna. This study is made by analyzing the changes su ered by the scattered electromagnetic field when propagating from the surface of this dielectric nanostructure to the far-zone in terms of propagating and evanescent plane wave components of the radiated fields.This research was supported by MICINN (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) with project FIS2013- 45854-P

REFLEXIONES SOBRE EL DISEÑO DE UNA POLÍTICA INSTITUCIONAL DE OPEN SCIENCE E IMPLICACIONES DE SU IMPLANTACIÓN

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo exponer las reflexiones realizadas para definir las principales guías en el diseño e implantación de la política institucional de Open Science -OS- en la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha -UCLM- para que ésta sea congruente con los compromisos adquiridos con la adhesión a la Declaración de Berlín y, en los últimos meses, con la asunción de los compromisos CRUE ante la OS. Partiendo del marco de obligaciones actual, derivado de los mandatos de ámbito nacional y europeo, y del diagnóstico de la situación de Open Access a partir de las estadísticas del repositorio institucional de la UCLM RUIdeRA (exclusivamente depósitos de publicaciones de investigación: artículos y tesis doctorales) intentaremos determinar la efectividad de los mandatos externos y la necesidad y conveniencia de diseñar nuestra política institucional de OS en términos de recomendación o requerimiento. Así mismo, se analizarán las implicaciones organizativas y económicas que podrían derivarse de la implantación y cuya anticipación modela la política de Ciencia Abierta a desarrollar. The present paper exposes some reflections made to define the main guidelines in the design and implementation of the Open Science institutional policy at the University of Castilla-La Mancha -UCLM-. This policy should be consistent with the commitments made with the adherence to the Berlin Declaration and, recently, with the assumption of CRUE commitments to the Open Science. Starting from the framework of current obligations, based on the mandates of National and European level, and on the diagnosis of the Open Access situation from the statistics of the institutional repository of the UCLM RUIdeRA (deposits of research publications exclusively: articles and doctoral theses), this paper tries to determine the success of those external mandates and the need and convenience of designing our own Open Science Institutional Policy in terms of recommendation or in terms of requirement. Furthermore, the organizational and economic implications that could be developed from its implementation are analysed

Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cardiac ion channels

This Document is Protected by copyright and was first published by Frontiers. All rights reserved. it is reproduced with permissionDietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to exhibit antiarrhythmic properties, and these effects have been attributed to their capability to modulate ion channels. In the present review, we will focus on the effects of PUFAs on a cardiac sodium channel (Nav1.5) and two potassium channels involved in cardiac atrial and ventricular repolarization (Kv) (Kv1.5 and Kv11.1). n-3 PUFAs of marine (docosahexaenoic, DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and plant origin (alpha-linolenic acid, ALA) block Kv1.5 and Kv11.1 channels at physiological concentrations. Moreover, DHA and EPA decrease the expression levels of Kv1.5, whereas ALA does not. DHA and EPA also decrease the magnitude of the currents elicited by the activation of Nav1.5 and calcium channels. These effects on sodium and calcium channels should theoretically shorten the cardiac action potential duration (APD), whereas the blocking actions of n-3 PUFAs on Kv channels would be expected to produce a lengthening of cardiac action potential. Indeed, the effects of n-3 PUFAs on the cardiac APD and, therefore, on cardiac arrhythmias vary depending on the method of application, the animal model, and the underlying cardiac pathologyThis work was supported by SAF2010-14916 and FIS-RECAVA RD06/0014/0025. RECAVA is funded by the Instituto de Salud CarlosII

Redox-dependent and redox-independent functions of Caenorhabditis elegans thioredoxin 1

Thioredoxins (TRX) are traditionally considered as enzymes catalyzing redox reactions. However, redox-independent functions of thioredoxins have been described in different organisms, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet unknown. We report here the characterization of the first generated endogenous redox-inactive thioredoxin in an animal model, the TRX-1 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that TRX-1 dually regulates the formation of an endurance larval stage (dauer) by interacting with the insulin pathway in a redox-independent manner and the cGMP pathway in a redox-dependent manner. Moreover, the requirement of TRX-1 for the extended longevity of worms with compromised insulin signalling or under calorie restriction relies on TRX-1 redox activity. In contrast, the nuclear translocation of the SKN-1 transcription factor and increased LIPS-6 protein levels in the intestine upon trx-1 deficiency are strictly redox-independent. Finally, we identify a novel function of C. elegans TRX-1 in male food-leaving behaviour that is redox-dependent. Taken together, our results position C. elegans as an ideal model to gain mechanistic insight into the redox-independent functions of metazoan thioredoxins, overcoming the limitations imposed by the embryonic lethal phenotypes of thioredoxin mutants in higher organisms.NIH Office of Research Infrastructure P40 OD010440Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness BFU2015- 64408-PFondo Social Europeo BFU2015- 64408-PNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health R01AI07640

Tipos funcionales de plantas productivas integradas en diseños de sistemas de cultivos complejos innovados por agricultores

Debido a la importancia actual de los sistemas de cultivos complejos (SCC) durante el proceso de reconversión agroecológica de fincas suburbanas, se estudiaron 24 diseños realizados por agricultores de fincas suburbanas en diferentes territorios agrícolas de la región occidental, central y oriental de Cuba, con el propósito de avaluar sus funciones de autorregulación ecológica. Se realizó una caracterización genética, espacial y temporal de cada diseño; se identificaron las funciones de autorregulación ecológica en cada uno de ellos para determinar su Coeficiente Funcional. Los tipos de diseños que predominaron en los SCC estudiados fueron en policultivos herbáceos (75%), seguidos de los policultivos arbóreo-herbáceos y polifrutales con el 12,5% cada uno. El mayor coeficiente funcional (CF) lo alcanzo el diseño que integra yuca-maíz-frijol (86,7 %); le siguen los diseños de boniatomaíz y yuca-maíz (76,7 %), plátanos-yuca (73, 3 %), frijol-maíz, plátano-frijol-maíz (70 %) y aguacate-mamey-café (66,7 %). Se propone, preliminarmente, que estas plantas productivas integradas (maíz, plátano o banano, árboles frutales) sean consideradas como Tipos Funcionales de Plantas Productivas (TFPP). Introducir como criterio las funciones que realizan las plantas productivas integradas en los diseños de SCC, así como las que se logren como resultado de las interacciones del diseño y manejo temporal y espacial de estos, refuerza la hipótesis de que no es suficiente con lograr complejidad en los diseños agroecológicos, sino que se requiere multifuncionalidad. Los diseños estudiados valorizan la lógica de los agricultores, que es una capacidad basada en las tradiciones, la experiencia práctica de años y su gran habilidad para realizar observaciones y análisis complejos.Because of the current importance of crop complex systems (SCC) during conversion of suburban agroecological farms, 24 designs made by farmers suburban estates in different agricultural areas of eastern western, central and Cuba they were studied in order to assess their ecological functions of self-regulation. Genetic, spatial and temporal characterization of each design was made; self ecological functions in each coefficient determining its functional identified. The types of designs that dominated the SCC were studied in arable polyculture (75%), followed by herbaceous and tree-polifruits and polyculture with 12.5% each. The greater functional coefficient (CF) it reached the design that integrates cassava-maize-beans (86.7%); followed the designs of sweet potato-corn and cassava-corn (76.7%), plantaincassava (73, 3%), bean-corn, banana-bean-corn (70%) and avocado-mammee-coffee (66, 7%). It is proposed, preliminarily, these integrated production plants (corn, banana or plantain, fruit trees) are considered as Functional Types of Productive Plants (TFPP). Introduce as a criterion the functions they perform integrated production plants SCC designs and which are achieved as a result of the interactions of temporal and spatial design and management of these reinforces the hypothesis that it is not enough to achieve complexity agroecological designs, but multifunctionality is required. The designs studied valued logic of farmers, which is a capacity based on the traditions, the practical experience of years and its great ability to observe and complex analyzes.Eje A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Tipos funcionales de plantas productivas integradas en diseños de sistemas de cultivos complejos innovados por agricultores

Debido a la importancia actual de los sistemas de cultivos complejos (SCC) durante el proceso de reconversión agroecológica de fincas suburbanas, se estudiaron 24 diseños realizados por agricultores de fincas suburbanas en diferentes territorios agrícolas de la región occidental, central y oriental de Cuba, con el propósito de avaluar sus funciones de autorregulación ecológica. Se realizó una caracterización genética, espacial y temporal de cada diseño; se identificaron las funciones de autorregulación ecológica en cada uno de ellos para determinar su Coeficiente Funcional. Los tipos de diseños que predominaron en los SCC estudiados fueron en policultivos herbáceos (75%), seguidos de los policultivos arbóreo-herbáceos y polifrutales con el 12,5% cada uno. El mayor coeficiente funcional (CF) lo alcanzo el diseño que integra yuca-maíz-frijol (86,7 %); le siguen los diseños de boniatomaíz y yuca-maíz (76,7 %), plátanos-yuca (73, 3 %), frijol-maíz, plátano-frijol-maíz (70 %) y aguacate-mamey-café (66,7 %). Se propone, preliminarmente, que estas plantas productivas integradas (maíz, plátano o banano, árboles frutales) sean consideradas como Tipos Funcionales de Plantas Productivas (TFPP). Introducir como criterio las funciones que realizan las plantas productivas integradas en los diseños de SCC, así como las que se logren como resultado de las interacciones del diseño y manejo temporal y espacial de estos, refuerza la hipótesis de que no es suficiente con lograr complejidad en los diseños agroecológicos, sino que se requiere multifuncionalidad. Los diseños estudiados valorizan la lógica de los agricultores, que es una capacidad basada en las tradiciones, la experiencia práctica de años y su gran habilidad para realizar observaciones y análisis complejos.Because of the current importance of crop complex systems (SCC) during conversion of suburban agroecological farms, 24 designs made by farmers suburban estates in different agricultural areas of eastern western, central and Cuba they were studied in order to assess their ecological functions of self-regulation. Genetic, spatial and temporal characterization of each design was made; self ecological functions in each coefficient determining its functional identified. The types of designs that dominated the SCC were studied in arable polyculture (75%), followed by herbaceous and tree-polifruits and polyculture with 12.5% each. The greater functional coefficient (CF) it reached the design that integrates cassava-maize-beans (86.7%); followed the designs of sweet potato-corn and cassava-corn (76.7%), plantaincassava (73, 3%), bean-corn, banana-bean-corn (70%) and avocado-mammee-coffee (66, 7%). It is proposed, preliminarily, these integrated production plants (corn, banana or plantain, fruit trees) are considered as Functional Types of Productive Plants (TFPP). Introduce as a criterion the functions they perform integrated production plants SCC designs and which are achieved as a result of the interactions of temporal and spatial design and management of these reinforces the hypothesis that it is not enough to achieve complexity agroecological designs, but multifunctionality is required. The designs studied valued logic of farmers, which is a capacity based on the traditions, the practical experience of years and its great ability to observe and complex analyzes.Eje A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Comportamiento electromagnético de sustratos nanoestructurados contaminados con objetos micrométricos

En este trabajo se estudia el comportamiento electromagnético de objetos dieléctricos micrométricos, situados sobre sustratos metálicos estructurados mediante nanoagujeros distribuidos periódicamente. Atendiendo a la resonancia (1,0) de Transmisión Óptica Extraordinaria, se ha investigado numéricamente la influencia de la geometría del objeto en los espectros de transmisión. Concretamente, el estudio se ha basado en el desplazamiento espectral del máximo de transmisión a medida que la superficie de contacto entre el objeto y el sustrato nanoestructurado cambia