“Last-chance” sales: what makes them credible?

This paper analyzes the firms’ standard practice of announcing clearance or “last-chance” sales, namely advertising that a particular product is not going to be available in the market anymore. In the context of a two-period signaling game, prices and advertising decisions of firms are analyzed. Then, the set of separating and pooling equilibria is characterized, so that the above usual advertising techniques can be better understood as equilibria of this model for certain parameter values. In particular, this paper shows that, when the firm which continues in the business knows that few of their current customers will come back in future periods, the set of separating equilibria shrinks. That is, fewer future prospects induce all types of firms to compete for current consumers, leading to pooling equilibria in which all firms announce a “last-chance” sale, even if some of them know they will remain in the industry next period.signaling, advertising, separating equilibria, information transmission

Macroeconomic Effects of Structural Fiscal Policy Changes in Colombia

In the past decade the Colombian Economic Authorities undertook a series of measures that reduced the structural fiscal deficit, decreased the Government currency mismatch and deepened the local fixed-rate public bond market. This paper presents some evidence suggesting that these improvements had important effects on the behavior of the macroeconomy. They seem to have permanently reduced the sovereign risk premium, increased the reaction of output to Government expenditure shocks and strengthened the response of market interest rates to monetary policy shocks.Fiscal Policy, Macroeconomy, Monetary Policy and Real Interest.

Suppressors of selection

Inspired by recent works on evolutionary graph theory, an area of growing interest in mathematical and computational biology, we present the first known examples of undirected structures acting as suppressors of selection for any fitness value $r > 1$. This means that the average fixation probability of an advantageous mutant or invader individual placed at some node is strictly less than that of this individual placed in a well-mixed population. This leads the way to study more robust structures less prone to invasion, contrary to what happens with the amplifiers of selection where the fixation probability is increased on average for advantageous invader individuals. A few families of amplifiers are known, although some effort was required to prove it. Here, we use computer aided techniques to find an exact analytical expression of the fixation probability for some graphs of small order (equal to $6$, $8$ and $10$) proving that selection is effectively reduced for $r > 1$. Some numerical experiments using Monte Carlo methods are also performed for larger graphs.Comment: New title, improved presentation, and further examples. Supporting Information is also include

Estudio de implantación de certificado HALAL en Cascajares

Implantar una certificación de calidad es un símbolo de higiene y seguridad alimentaria de cara a los clientes. La Industria Gastrinómica Blanca Mencía S.L. apostó por la certificación Halal que aúna aspectos técnicos de seguridad y calidad alimentaria al mismo tiempo que aspectos religiosos provenientes del Corán. Cumplir con estos requisistos abre un mercado en auge, como es el musulmán. En la presente memoria se observa que la obtención de esta certificación presenta una gran oportunidad de crecimiento para la empresa.Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y ForestalMáster en Calidad, Desarrollo e Innovación de Alimento

Radio channel characterization and channel model evaluation with measured 29 GHz data for 5G communications

Abstract. In this thesis, a radio channel measured at 29 GHz for 5G communications is analysed and a corresponding channel model is evaluated. For this purpose, we have studied two different scenarios, where the first one represents a macrocell environment and the second one a microcell environment. Both scenarios had the same fifteen user equipment antenna locations and their main difference is the location from its base station. Indeed, these two different propagation scenarios are assumed to be static during the whole measurement. Once the scenarios have been described, the delay spread, azimuth spread and path loss parameters from all the different paths that are received at each user equipment antenna are estimated. In order to do that, it has been considered whether those paths were on Line-Of-Sight or Non-Line-Of-Sight condition. As little research has been done at this frequency band for this innovative application, it is important to analyse and validate of those results. For that purpose, a MATLAB program has been designed for the automatic validation of those results, and at the same time, information about the channel behaviour is provided. Furthermore, these two scenarios have been analysed by implementing Keysight’s Geometric Channel Modeling Tool, where a reconstruction of the channel has been obtained

A Novel Multiobjective Cell Switch-Off Framework for Cellular Networks

Cell Switch-Off (CSO) is recognized as a promising approach to reduce the energy consumption in next-generation cellular networks. However, CSO poses serious challenges not only from the resource allocation perspective but also from the implementation point of view. Indeed, CSO represents a difficult optimization problem due to its NP-complete nature. Moreover, there are a number of important practical limitations in the implementation of CSO schemes, such as the need for minimizing the real-time complexity and the number of on-off/off-on transitions and CSO-induced handovers. This article introduces a novel approach to CSO based on multiobjective optimization that makes use of the statistical description of the service demand (known by operators). In addition, downlink and uplink coverage criteria are included and a comparative analysis between different models to characterize intercell interference is also presented to shed light on their impact on CSO. The framework distinguishes itself from other proposals in two ways: 1) The number of on-off/off-on transitions as well as handovers are minimized, and 2) the computationally-heavy part of the algorithm is executed offline, which makes its implementation feasible. The results show that the proposed scheme achieves substantial energy savings in small cell deployments where service demand is not uniformly distributed, without compromising the Quality-of-Service (QoS) or requiring heavy real-time processing