El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y el nuevo rol docente en la modalidad mediación tecnológica y a distancia

A un año de que se presentarán los tres primeros casos de COVID, y de acuerdo con las estadísticas mundiales, las cifras del COVID-19 según el conteo de la Universidad Johns Hopkins (2021) a nivel mundial superan la marca de dos y medio millones de fallecidos, 113 millones de casos de contagio y 65.3 M de personas recuperadas. De ahí que el manejo de la pandemia por su velocidad de propagación y por su alta escala de contagios es sin duda el gran desafío para la Organización Mundial de la Salud, (OMS). A pesar de que varios países ya están aplicando las vacunas contra el virus SARS-CoV-2, parecer ser que el mundo no logrará la inmunidad colectiva en 2021.Por consiguiente, a nivel mundial, los gobiernos tomaron medidas para cerrar las instituciones educativas a todos niveles con el fin de evitar el contagio en este sector de la población y como estrategia para contener la propagación del virus

Globalización y dinamismo manufacturero. México y otros países emergentes.

Análisis de algunos de los problemas por los que atraviesa la industria manufacturera en México como consecuencia de la aplicación de las políticas neoliberales en los últimos 30 años. A saber, apertura comercial indiscriminada; incremento de los flujos de inversión extranjera directa, y la no intervención del Estado. En la primera parte se analizan los factores principales que han impedido o dificultado a la manufactura impulsar el crecimiento y el desarrollo económicos. En la segunda parte se estudian las experiencias del proceso de industrialización en tres países emergentes (Corea del Sur, China y Brasil). En estos países, ha sido la participación decidida y directa del Estado, lo que ha permitido un desarrollo manufacturero exitoso

Relationship between the isometric force of the dominant hand and the Body Mass Index of university students

INTRODUCTION: Strength is the neuromuscular capacity to overcome or counter resistances through muscular activity and is closely linked to all the motor actions that the human being develops, and to his body mass index. OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the isometric strength of the dominant hand of university students. METHOD: The strength was evaluated with a TAKEI SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT 5401 dynamometer to 70 university students using a random sampling method using a descriptive transactional design. We obtained data that were processed with a bivariate correlation obtaining the Pearson coefficient. We used SPSS ver. 15. RESULTS: The studied age was 23 ± 1.9 years, with a length of 165.6 cm. ± 7.72 for women and 173.7 cm. ± 7.95 men, as well as a weight in women of 64.1 ± 14.82 kg and men 82.3 ± 14.72 kg, which results in a BMI for women of 25.01 ± 4.405 m2/kg and 25.06 with ± 4.398 m2/kg for men. On the other hand, the female isometry strength was 3.08. ± 0.613 Kg and for men was 3.68 ± 0.839 Kg. In females, there was not correlation between the BMI and isometric strength (Sig = .192). Contrary, in males, there was a significant and negative correlation grade between the BMI and isometric strength (r = -0,452; Sig. = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, it was observed that as BMI increases, strength does not grow. Therefore, other variables should be evaluated to understand what is related to the overweight or obesity of students

Iniltration vs. instillation of ropivacaine 7.5% in radical mastectomies for postoperative analgesia

Objective: Determining the effectiveness of iniltration versus instillation with 7.5% ropivacaine in reducing the intensity of postoperative pain in patients undergoing a radical mastectomy. Material and methods: Clinical, prospective, and comparative analytical study in a sample of 20 female patients between 20 and 60 years of age, ASA I and II, weight 50-90 kg, who were divided into 2 groups (10 patients each). In Group 1 infiltration with ropivacaine 7.5% (20 ml) was applied prior to closure of the surgical wound, meanwhile in Group 2 ropivacaine 7.5% (20 ml), was instilled into the surgical wound. P ain intensity was assessed by a visual analog scale (V AS) upon extubation. The need for rescue medication and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were measured from 0 to 30 minutes postoperatively and at 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours. Results: There was no statistical difference between the groups (only the group managed through iniltration required rescue medications), but the iniltration group had a lower perception of pain. Conclusions: This study reported the same eficacy of preventive treatment of postoperative pain in patients who underwent radical mastectomy for instillation and iniltration with 7.5% ropivacaine and little need for rescue medication postoperatively

Propuesta educativa para elevar los niveles de conocimiento sobre sexualidad en adolescentes síndrome de Down

RESUMEN Estudios recientes demuestran la importancia de educar la sexualidad en pacientes con síndrome de Down desde la infancia, con el propósito de darle respuesta a las curiosidades sexuales de la etapa, así como prepararlos para arribar a la adultez. A partir de esta afirmación, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general determinar el nivel de conocimientos de los adolescentes con síndromes de Down en relación con la sexualidad y crear un programa de intervención educativa, con el fin de propiciarles una sexualidad sana; para ello se escogieron 6 adolescentes de edades entre 10 y 15 años, pertenecientes a la escuela especial Francisco Vicente Agujera del municipio Manzanillo de la provincia Granma. Los referentes teóricos se apoyaron en una concepción humanista - desarrolladora y en la teoría del reforzamiento positivo. La estrategia estuvo en función del trabajo interrelacionado de los adolescentes con síndrome de Down. Se partió de las necesidades educativas arrojadas en el diagnóstico, se diseñó el programa con sus objetivos, posibilitó que estos adolescentes consoliden su identidad sexual, identificándose de acuerdo con su sexo, se incluyeron los genitales en su esquema corporal denominándolos, fomentaron hábitos de higiene relacionados con el cuidado del cuerpo y estimularon las relaciones afectivas a través de los juegos de roles. Se recomienda ampliar esta investigación, con seguimiento hasta la adultez y llevar a la comunidad una estrategia que sensibilice a sus integrantes con la sexualidad de los síndromes de Down. ABSTRACT Recent studies demonstrate the importance of educating sexuality in patients with Down syndrome since infancy, in order to respond to the sexual curiosities of the stage, as well as prepare them to reach adulthood. Based on this assertion, the present research had as general objective to determine the level of knowledge of the adolescents with Down syndromes in relation to the sexuality and to create a program of educational intervention, in order to propitiate them a healthy sexuality; six teenagers between 10 and 15 years of age, belonging to the Francisco Vicente Aguilera special school in the Manzanillo municipality of the Granma province were chosen. The theoretical references were based on a humanist - developmental conception and on the theory of positive reinforcement. The strategy was based on the interrelated work of adolescents with Down syndrome. It was based on the educational needs of the diagnosis, the program was designed with its objectives, enabled these adolescents to consolidate their sexual identity, identified according to their sex, included the genitals in their body schema, naming them, fostered related hygiene habits With the care of the body and stimulated the affective relations through the role plays. It is recommended to expand this research, with follow-up until adulthood and bring to the community a strategy that sensitizes its members with the sexuality of Down syndrome

El complejo Agave victoriae-reginae (Agavaceae)

The name Agave victoriae-reginae has been applied to a group of plants endemic to northern Mexico which are easily distinguished from other species of Agave by having leaves with corneous, entire margins, white lines on both faces and flowers with short, funnelform tubes. A taxonomic revision reveals that A. victoriae-reginae represents a complex of three species, one of them with two subspecies: 1a) Agave victoriae-reginae subsp. victoriae-reginae (western Nuevo León and eastern extreme of Coahuila; 1b) A. victoriae-reginae subsp. swobodae (southern Coahuila and northeastern Durango); 2) Agave nickelsiae (microendemic to southeastern Coahuila); and 3) Agave pintilla (the most westernly distributed species in the group, restricted to southeastern Durango). Agave pintilla is here described as new, the name of A. nickelsiae is reinstated, and A. victoriae-reginae is circumscribed. A key to the taxa as well as ammended descriptions for A. victoriae-reginae subsp. victoriae-reginae, A. victoriae-reginae subsp. swobodae and A. nickelsiae are provided. No natural hybrids were found among the taxa of the Agave victoriae-reginae complex but three natural hybrids with other species are recorded: Agave nickelsiae x A. asperrima, A. nickelsiae x A. lechuguilla, and A. pintilla x A. salmiana subsp. crassispina.El nombre de Agave victoriae-reginae se ha aplicado a un grupo de plantas endémicas al norte de México fácilmente distinguibles de otras especies de Agave por tener hojas con márgenes córneos sin dientes, bandas blancas sobre ambas caras y flores con tubos cortos en forma de embudo. Su revisión taxonómica revela que lo que se conoce como A. victoriae-reginae es un complejo que incluye tres especies, una de ellas con dos subespecies: 1a) A. victoriae-reginae subsp. victoriae-reginae (del occidente de Nuevo León y extremo oriental de Coahuila; 1b) A. victoriae-reginae subsp. swobodae (sur de Coahuila y noreste de Durango); 2) Agave nickelsiae (microendémica al sureste de Coahuila); y 3) Agave pintilla (la de distribución más occidental del grupo, sureste de Durango). En este trabajo se describe Agave pintilla como entidad nueva, se reinstala A. nickelsiae como nombre correcto de una de las especies y se presentan descripciones enmendadas de A. victoriae-reginae subsp. victoriae-reginae, A. victoriae-reginae subsp. swobodae y A. nickelsiae, así como claves para distinguir entre taxa. No se encontraron híbridos naturales entre los miembros del complejo A. victoriae-reginae pero se registran tres con otras especies: Agave nickelsiae x A. asperrima, A. nickelsiae x A. lechuguilla, y A. pintilla x A. salmiana subsp. crassispina

Oxidative Stress and Parkinson’s Disease: Effects on Environmental Toxicology

Epidemiological studies have found an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with environmental factors such as exposure to substances derived from industrial processes, use of agrochemicals, or living in a rural environment. The hypothesis that certain environmental toxins could be the source of the EP is supported by the discovery that chemicals such as herbicides paraquat, diquat, and the fungicide maneb are selectively toxic in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Also, one of the insecticides produced by plants, such as rotenone, and by-product of the synthesis of synthetic heroin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) can be reproduced in animal models where neurochemicals, histopathological, and clinical characteristic of PD can be found. Interestingly, there are similarities in the chemical structure of paraquat and MPTP. Recent evidence exhibited that inflammation and oxidative stress play an essential role in the development of PD. So, in our laboratory we found that in an animal model melatonin decreases the products of lipid oxidation, nitric oxide metabolites, and the activity of cyclooxygenase 2, which are induced by an intraperitoneal injection of MPTP. This suggests that the neuroprotective effects of melatonin are partially attributed to its antioxidant scavenging and anti-inflammatory action

Lipid Metabolism Alterations in a Rat Model of Chronic and Intergenerational Exposure to Arsenic

Chronic exposure to arsenic (As), whether directly through the consumption of contaminated drinking water or indirectly through the daily intake of As-contaminated food, is a health threat for more than 150 million people worldwide. Epidemiological studies found an association between chronic consumption of As and several pathologies, the most common being cancer-related disorders. However, As consumption has also been associated with metabolic disorders that could lead to diverse pathologies, suchas type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. Here, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QToF) to assess the effect of chronic intergenerational As exposure on the lipid metabolism profiles of serum from 4-month-old Wistar rats exposed to As prenatally and also during early life in drinking water (3 ppm). Significant differences in the levels of certain identified lyso-phospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, and triglycerides were found between the exposed rats and the control groups, as well as between the sexes. Significantly increased lipid oxidation determined by the malondialdehyde (MDA) method was found in exposed rats compared with controls. Chronic intergenerational As exposure alters the rat lipidome, increases lipid oxidation, and dysregulates metabolic pathways, the factors associated with the chronic inflammation present in different diseases associated with chronic exposure to As (i.e., keratosis, Bowen’s disease, and kidney, liver, bladder, and lung cancer)

Flora vascular y vegetación del Área de Protección de Recursos Naturales Quebrada de Santa Bárbara, Pueblo Nuevo, Durango, México

Antecedentes: El Área de Protección de Recursos Naturales Quebrada de Santa Bárbara (APRNQSB) destaca por su biodiversidad y la coexistencia de seis géneros de coníferas, pero carece de un inventario florístico actualizado y completo, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue generarlo y caracterizar su vegetación. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la riqueza, el riesgo de extinción y distribución de la flora vascular y qué tipos de vegetación forman en el APRNQSB? Especies estudiadas: Traqueofitas. Sitio y años de estudio: APRNQSB, Durango; julio 2018 a septiembre 2019. Métodos: Un listado preliminar conjuntó registros del herbario CIIDIR y colecciones virtuales. Se enriqueció mediante recolectas en 15 estaciones y cuatro senderos de referencia. Las especies se catalogaron por su riesgo de extinción y distribución. La riqueza florística se comparó contra 11 inventarios de otras zonas de México mediante un índice de diversidad taxonómica (IDT). La vegetación se caracterizó por composición florística y fisonomía. Resultados: La flora vascular incluyó 79 familias, 211 géneros, 352 especies y un IDT de 198 spp./km2. Se registraron seis especies bajo la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, 63 taxa en la UICN, 34 especies endémicas a Durango y estados vecinos y 17 microendémicas. La vegetación se compone por bosque mixto de Pinus-Quercus, bosque de coníferas y vegetación acuática y subacuática. Conclusiones: Considerando trabajos previos, se logró un incremento del 76 % en el inventario de la flora vascular del APRNQSB. Los datos actualizados de la flora del APRNQSB son fundamentales para el desarrollo y establecimiento de estrategias de manejo y conservación