Los medios de enseñanza y su uso en Educación para la Salud

Throughout the direct observation of teachers, some limitations were revealed in the use of teaching aids as one of the components of the teaching – learning process, thus the objective of this paper is to highlight some features and advantages of teaching aids that could be used in topics about Health Education in Senior High School.Sobre la base de las limitaciones que se han revelado a través de la observación directa a los docentes en el uso de los medios de enseñanza como componentes del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, este artículo tiene como objetivo resaltar algunos medios de enseñanza que pueden emplearse en temas de Educación para la Salud en la educación preuniversitaria

Hints for Metal-Preference Protein Sequence Determinants: Different Metal Binding Features of the Five Tetrahymena thermophila Metallothioneins

The metal binding preference of metallothioneins (MTs) groups them in two extreme subsets, the Zn/Cd- and the Cu-thioneins. Ciliates harbor the largest MT gene/protein family reported so far, in-cluding 5 paralogs that exhibit relatively low sequence similarity, excepting MTT2 and MTT4. In Tet-rahymena thermophila, three MTs (MTT1, MTT3 and MTT5) were considered Cd-thioneins and two (MTT2 and MTT4) Cu-thioneins, according to gene expression inducibility and phylogenetic analysis. In this study, the metal-binding abilities of the five MTT proteins were characterized, to obtain information about the folding and stability of their cognate- and non-cognate metal complexes, and to characterize the T. thermophila MT system at protein level. Hence, the five MTTs were recombinantly synthesized as Zn2+-, Cd2+- or Cu+-complexes, which were analyzed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), circular dichroism (CD), and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Among the Cd-thioneins, MTT1 and MTT5 were optimal for Cd2+ coordination, yielding unique Cd17- and Cd8- complexes, respectively. When binding Zn2+, they rendered a mixture of Zn-species. Only MTT5 was capable to coordinate Cu+, although yielding heteronuclear Zn-, Cu-species or highly unstable Cu-homometallic species. MTT3 exhibited poor binding abilities both for Cd2+ and for Cu+, and although not optimally, it yielded the best result when coordinating Zn2+. The two Cu-thioneins, MTT2 and MTT4 isoforms formed homometallic Cu-complexes (major Cu20-MTT) upon synthesis in Cu-supplemented hosts. Contrarily, they were unable to fold into stable Cd-complexes, while Zn-MTT species were only recovered for MTT4 (major Zn10-MTT4). Thus, the metal binding preferences of the five T. thermophila MTs correlate well with their previous classification as Cd- and Cu-thioneins, and globally, they can be classified from Zn/Cd- to Cu-thioneins according to the gradation: MTT1>MTT5>MTT3>MTT4>MTT2. The main mechanisms underlying the evolution and specialization of the MTT metal binding preferences may have been in-ternal tandem duplications, presence of doublet and triplet Cys patterns in Zn/Cd-thioneins, and op-timization of site specific amino acid determinants (Lys for Zn/Cd- and Asn for Cu-coordination)

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of old people suffering from diabetes mellitus

Introducción: el aumento de la incidencia de diabetes mellitus a nivel global convierten a esta entidad en un serio problema de salud no solo para el individuo que la padece sino también para la sociedad. Objetivo: conocer las características de algunas variables epidemiológicas y clínicas presentes en ancianos con diabetes mellitus” en el Policlínico Docente “Luis A. Turcios Lima” durante el período, Julio-Diciembre de 2011. Material y métodos: se  realizó un estudio  descriptivo transversal en el que se incluyeron a 75 pacientes mayores de 60 años diabéticos a los cuales se les  llenó una planilla recolectora de datos  donde se precisaron: edad, sexo,  tipo de diabetes, valoración nutricional, edad de comienzo de la enfermedad, antecedentes patológicos personales, familiares, enfermedades asociadas a la diabetes, hábitos tóxicos,y  complicaciones.Resultados: se encontró que el sexo dominante fue el femenino, con una edad de comienzo de la enfermedad entre 30-59 años. La afección asociada  más frecuente  la HTA, con un mayor por ciento de diabéticos con peso normal  y no fumadores, con polineuropatía como complicación fundamental. Conclusiones: la atención primaria de salud debe priorizar la atención al geronte diabético para contribuir a mejorar su calidad de vida logrando una longevidad satisfactoria en este grupo etareo.Introduction: the increase of diabetes mellitus all over the world turns this entity into a serious health problem not only for the diabetic subjects but also for the society. Objective: to characterize the epidemiological and clinical variables in old patients suffering from diabetes mellitus at “Luis Augusto Turcios Lima” University outpatient clinic during July to December 2011. Material and Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study that included 75 diabetic patients older than 60 years old; a form was filled out with the data required: age, sex, type of diabetes, nutritional assessment, and age of onset, personal pathological history, family relationship, associated diseases with diabetes, toxic habits and complications. Results: female sex prevailed; the onset prevailed in people from 30-59 years old. Hypertension was the most frequent associated disease, the greatest percent was observed in diabetic patients with normal weights, no smokers, and polyneuropathy classified as the most important complication. Conclusions: primary health care must give priority to the diabetic old patient in order to contribute to the improvement of their quality of life achieving a satisfactory longevity in this group of ages

Risk of acute deterioration and care complexity individual factors associated with health outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a multicentre cohort study

Background: Evidence about the impact of systematic nursing surveillance on risk of acute deterioration of patients with COVID-19 and the effects of care complexity factors on inpatient outcomes is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the association between acute deterioration risk, care complexity factors and unfavourable outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Methods: A multicentre cohort study was conducted from 1 to 31 March 2020 at seven hospitals in Catalonia. All adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospitals and with a complete minimum data set were recruited retrospectively. Patients were classified based on the presence or absence of a composite unfavourable outcome (in-hospital mortality and adverse events). The main measures included risk of acute deterioration (as measured using the VIDA early warning system) and care complexity factors. All data were obtained blinded from electronic health records. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to identify the VIDA score and complexity factors associated with unfavourable outcomes. Results: Out of a total of 1176 patients with COVID-19, 506 (43%) experienced an unfavourable outcome during hospitalisation. The frequency of unfavourable outcomes rose with increasing risk of acute deterioration as measured by the VIDA score. Risk factors independently associated with unfavourable outcomes were chronic underlying disease (OR: 1.90, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.72; p<0.001), mental status impairment (OR: 2.31, 95% CI 1.45 to 23.66; p<0.001), length of hospital stay (OR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.21; p<0.001) and high risk of acute deterioration (OR: 4.32, 95% CI 2.83 to 6.60; p<0.001). High-tech hospital admission was a protective factor against unfavourable outcomes (OR: 0.57, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.89; p=0.01). Conclusion: The systematic nursing surveillance of the status and evolution of COVID-19 inpatients, including the careful monitoring of acute deterioration risk and care complexity factors, may help reduce deleterious health outcomes in COVID-19 inpatients

Research as a pedagogical strategy for the development of the lyrical genre in school

La investigación como estrategia pedagógica (IEP) es una metodología educativa que permite la integración de procesos investigativos al aula de clase, en este estudio contribuirá al conocimiento del género lírico aportando al desarrollo de habilidades como la comprensión lectora y los procesos cognitivos superiores de los estudiantes. El propósito del estudio implementar la investigación como estrategia pedagógica para el desarrollo de competencias lectoras mediante el género lirico. La metodología se orientó bajo el enfoque cualitativo, utilizando el tipo de investigación acción, desde un diseño descriptivo, exploratorio. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron técnicas como; análisis documental. La población estuvo conformada por cincuenta (50) estudiantes de la IED Antonio Bruges Carmona del Municipio de Santa Ana Magdalena, para esto se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional. Los resultados del estudio dejaron en evidencia el interés de los estudiantes frente al conocimiento de las personas creadoras, el deseo de iniciar un proceso escritural de composiciones de los diversos subgéneros, el registro y publicación de las creaciones de Santa Ana-Magdalena, el uso didáctico en medios de comunicación y entornos virtuales.Research as a pedagogical strategy (IEP) is an educational methodology that allows the integration of research processes into the classroom, in this study it will contribute to the knowledge of the lyrical genre contributing to the development of skills such as reading comprehension and students’ superior cognitive processes. The purpose of the study is to implement research as a pedagogical strategy for the development of reading skills through the lyrical genre. The methodology was oriented under the qualitative approach, using the type of action research, from a descriptive, exploratory design. For the collection of data, techniques such as; documentary analysis The population was conformed by fifty (50) students of the IED Antonio Bruges Carmona of the Municipality of Santa Ana Magdalena, for this a non-probabilistic sampling of intentional type was realized. The results of the study showed the students’ interest in the knowledge of the creative people, the desire to initiate a scriptural process of compositions of the various subgenres, the registration and publication of the creations of Santa Ana-Magdalena, the didactic use in media and virtual environments

Specific targeting of the NRF2/β-TrCP axis promotes beneficial effects in NASH

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease that compromises liver function, for which there is not a specifically approved medicine. Recent research has identified transcription factor NRF2 as a potential therapeutic target. However, current NRF2 activators, designed to inhibit its repressor KEAP1, exhibit unwanted side effects. Alternatively, we previously introduced PHAR, a protein-protein interaction inhibitor of NRF2/β-TrCP, which induces a mild NRF2 activation and selectively activates NRF2 in the liver, close to normal physiological levels. Herein, we assessed the effect of PHAR in protection against NASH and its progression to fibrosis. We conducted experiments to demonstrate that PHAR effectively activated NRF2 in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells. Then, we used the STAM mouse model of NASH, based on partial damage of endocrine pancreas and insulin secretion impairment, followed by a high fat diet. Non-invasive analysis using MRI revealed that PHAR protects against liver fat accumulation. Moreover, PHAR attenuated key markers of NASH progression, including liver steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, inflammation, and fibrosis. Notably, transcriptomic data indicate that PHAR led to upregulation of 3 anti-fibrotic genes (Plg, Serpina1a, and Bmp7) and downregulation of 6 pro-fibrotic (including Acta2 and Col3a1), 11 extracellular matrix remodeling, and 8 inflammatory genes. Overall, our study suggests that the mild activation of NRF2 via the protein-protein interaction inhibitor PHAR holds promise as a strategy for addressing NASH and its progression to liver fibrosisThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (grants PID2019-110061RB-I00, PID-2021-122766OB-100 and PDC2021-121421-I00, PDC2022-133765-I00, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe” by the European Union.), CIBERdem and CIBERned (ISCIII), and The Autonomous Community of Madrid (grant P2022/BMD-7230). RFG enjoyed a FPI contract of MINECO (FPI-2017). DCS is a holder of a FPI contract of MICINN (Ministry of Science and Innovation, FPI-2020, PRE2020-091886). JJV is holder of a FPU contract of MIU (Ministry of Universities, FPU2020, FPU20/03326

Quality traits and tissue anatomy of pepper fruits as influenced by the variety and ripening

Comunicación oral presentada en: III congreso CAOS, Granada EEZ, España. 4 mayo 2023This research was supported by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)-cofinanced grants from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-103924GB-I00, PID2020-113324GB-I00 and TED2021-130015B-C22) and by the Junta de Andalucía (P18-FR-1359), Spain.

Aprendizaje-servicio y Trabajo Social

Es una propuesta metodológica aplicada a los estudios de Trabajo Social. Su objetivo es incorporar el método aprendizaje-servicio a la docencia presencial para incrementar el interés y la satisfacción de la comunidad científica y la sociedad civil

Validity and reliability of transbronchial needle aspiration for diagnosing mediastinal adenopathies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim is to assess the validity and reliability of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) of mediastinal and hilar adenopathies and to evaluate factors predictive of TBNA outcome.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed an analysis of prospectively collected data of patients (n = 580) who underwent TBNA (n = 685) from January 1998 to December 2007 in our center. Validity and reliability were evaluated for the overall sample and according to specific pathology. Factors predicting the successful acquisition of diagnostic samples were analyzed by multivariate analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive (NPV) values for TBNA were 68%, 100%, 68.8%, 100%, and 10%, respectively. The most sensitive and accurate TBNAs were obtained for patients with small cell lung carcinoma and the worst results were for patients with lymphomas. NPV were similar for all pathologies. The most predictive factors of outcome were adenopathy size and the presence of indirect signs at the puncture site.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The sensitivity and accuracy of TBNA are high in small cell lung cancer, followed by other types of carcinoma, sarcoidosis, and tuberculosis, and low for lymphoproliferative diseases. The NPV of TBNA for all individual pathologies is low. The size of the adenopathy and the presence of indirect signs at the puncture site predict the achievement of diagnostic samples.</p