10 research outputs found
Research Note : Persistent Salmonella problems in slaughterhouses related to clones linked to poultry companies
Salmonellosis remains one of the main foodborne zoonoses in Europe, with poultry products as the main source of human infections. The slaughterhouse has been identified as a potential source for Salmonella contamination of poultry meat. Despite the mandatory programme of the EU, there are companies with persistent Salmonella that are unable to remove the bacteria from their processing environment, compromising the entire production line. In this context, an intensive sampling study was conducted to investigate a slaughterhouse with persistent Salmonella problems, establishing the genetic relationship among Salmonella strains isolated during the slaughter process. A total of 36 broiler flocks were sampled during processing at the slaughterhouse. Salmonella was identified based on ISO 6579-1:2017 (Annex D), serotyped by Kauffman-White-Le-Minor technique, and the genetic relationship was assessed with ERIC-PCR followed by PFGE. The outcomes showed that 69.4% of the batches sampled carried Salmonella upon arrival at the slaughterhouse and that 46.3% of the different samples from carcasses were contaminated with Salmonella. The two serovars isolated at the different steps in the slaughterhouse were Enteritidis (98.2%) and Kentucky (1.8%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed a low genetic diversity, with all S. Enteritidis isolates showing a nearly identical pulsotype (similarity >85%) and S. Kentucky strains showed the same XbaI PFGE profile (95.0% genetic similarity). The results of this study showed a high genetic relationship among isolates recovered from carcasses and environmental samples in the slaughterhouse from both Salmonella -positive and Salmonella -free flocks. Salmonella strains re-circulated across to poultry flocks and re-entered the slaughterhouse to survive on the processing line. Thus, it is necessary to implement molecular diagnosis methods in time at the field level to determine the Salmonella epidemiology of the flock, to make rapid decisions for the control of Salmonella and prevent entry into the slaughterhouse environment
Research Note: Persistent Salmonella problems in slaughterhouses related to clones linked to poultry companies
Salmonellosis remains one of the main foodborne zoonoses in Europe, with poultry products as the main source of human infections. The slaughterhouse has been identified as a potential source for Salmonella contamination of poultry meat. Despite the mandatory programme of the EU, there are companies with persistent Salmonella that are unable to remove the bacteria from their processing environment, compromising the entire production line. In this context, an intensive sampling study was conducted to investigate a slaughterhouse with persistent Salmonella problems, establishing the genetic relationship among Salmonella strains isolated during the slaughter process. A total of 36 broiler flocks were sampled during processing at the slaughterhouse. Salmonella was identified based on ISO 6579-1:2017 (Annex D), serotyped by Kauffman-White-Le-Minor technique, and the genetic relationship was assessed with ERIC-PCR followed by PFGE. The outcomes showed that 69.4% of the batches sampled carried Salmonella upon arrival at the slaughterhouse and that 46.3% of the different samples from carcasses were contaminated with Salmonella. The two serovars isolated at the different steps in the slaughterhouse were Enteritidis (98.2%) and Kentucky (1.8%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed a low genetic diversity, with all S. Enteritidis isolates showing a nearly identical pulsotype (similarity >85%) and S. Kentucky strains showed the same XbaI PFGE profile (95.0% genetic similarity). The results of this study showed a high genetic relationship among isolates recovered from carcasses and environmental samples in the slaughterhouse from both Salmonella-positive and Salmonella-free flocks. Salmonella strains re-circulated across to poultry flocks and re-entered the slaughterhouse to survive on the processing line. Thus, it is necessary to implement molecular diagnosis methods in time at the field level to determine the Salmonella epidemiology of the flock, to make rapid decisions for the control of Salmonella and prevent entry into the slaughterhouse environment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Making sense of missense variants in TTN-related congenital myopathies.
Mutations in the sarcomeric protein titin, encoded by TTN, are emerging as a common cause of myopathies. The diagnosis of a TTN-related myopathy is, however, often not straightforward due to clinico-pathological overlap with other myopathies and the prevalence of TTN variants in control populations. Here, we present a combined clinico-pathological, genetic and biophysical approach to the diagnosis of TTN-related myopathies and the pathogenicity ascertainment of TTN missense variants. We identified 30 patients with a primary TTN-related congenital myopathy (CM) and two truncating variants, or one truncating and one missense TTN variant, or homozygous for one TTN missense variant. We found that TTN-related myopathies show considerable overlap with other myopathies but are strongly suggested by a combination of certain clinico-pathological features. Presentation was typically at birth with the clinical course characterized by variable progression of weakness, contractures, scoliosis and respiratory symptoms but sparing of extraocular muscles. Cardiac involvement depended on the variant position. Our biophysical analyses demonstrated that missense mutations associated with CMs are strongly destabilizing and exert their effect when expressed on a truncating background or in homozygosity. We hypothesise that destabilizing TTN missense mutations phenocopy truncating variants and are a key pathogenic feature of recessive titinopathies that might be amenable to therapeutic intervention
Free-Living Turtles Are a Reservoir for Salmonella but Not for Campylobacter
Different studies have reported the prevalence of Salmonella in turtles and its role in reptile-associated salmonellosis
in humans, but there is a lack of scientific literature related with the epidemiology of Campylobacter in turtles. The
aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in free-living native (Emys
orbicularis, n=83) and exotic (Trachemys scripta elegans, n=117) turtles from 11 natural ponds in Eastern Spain. In
addition, different types of samples (cloacal swabs, intestinal content and water from Turtle containers) were
compared. Regardless of the turtle species, natural ponds where individuals were captured and the type of sample
taken, Campylobacter was not detected. Salmonella was isolated in similar proportions in native (8.0±3.1%) and
exotic (15.0±3.3%) turtles (p=0.189). The prevalence of Salmonella positive turtles was associated with the natural
ponds where animals were captured. Captured turtles from 8 of the 11 natural ponds were positive, ranged between
3.0±3.1% and 60.0±11.0%. Serotyping revealed 8 different serovars among four Salmonella enterica subspecies: S.
enterica subsp. enterica (n = 21), S. enterica subsp. salamae (n = 2), S. enterica subsp. diarizonae (n = 3), and S.
enterica subsp. houtenae (n = 1). Two serovars were predominant: S. Thompson (n=16) and S. typhimurium (n=3).
In addition, there was an effect of sample type on Salmonella detection. The highest isolation of Salmonella was
obtained from intestinal content samples (12.0±3.0%), while lower percentages were found for water from the
containers and cloacal swabs (8.0±2.5% and 3.0±1.5%, respectively). Our results imply that free-living turtles are a
risk factor for Salmonella transmission, but do not seem to be a reservoir for Campylobacter. We therefore rule out
turtles as a risk factor for human campylobacteriosis. Nevertheless, further studies should be undertaken in other
countries to confirm these results.This work was supported by the Conselleria de Infraestructura, Territorio y Medio Ambiente for their assistance and financial support (Life09-Trachemys, Resolution 28/02/12 CITMA). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.MarĂn, C.; Ingresa-Capaccioni, S.; GonzĂĄlez BodĂ, S.; Marco JimĂ©nez, F.; Vega Garcia, S. (2013). Free-Living Turtles Are a Reservoir for Salmonella but Not for Campylobacter. PLoS ONE. 8(8):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072350S1688(2012). The European Union Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Foodâborne Outbreaks in 2010. EFSA Journal, 10(3). doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2597Kapperud, G. (2003). Factors Associated with Increased and Decreased Risk of Campylobacter Infection: A Prospective Case-Control Study in Norway. 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EP-1247: Comparison of two systems to calculate the margins for expansion from CTV to PTV in prostate cancer patients
Ultrafast Photoâion Probing of the RingâOpening Process in Trans
The ultrafast photoâinduced ring opening of the oxirane derivative transâstilbene oxide has been studied through the use of ultrafast UV/UV pumpâprobe spectroscopy by using photoâion detection. Singleâ and multiphoton probe paths and final states were identified through comparisons between UV power studies and synchrotronâbased vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) singleâphoton ionization studies. Three major timeâdependent features of the parent ion (subâ450â
fs decay, (1.5±0.2)â
ps, and >100â
ps) were observed. These decays are discussed in conjunction with the primary ringâopening mechanism of stilbene oxide, which occurs through CâC dissociation in the oxirane ring. The appearance of fragments relating to the masses of dehydrogenated diphenylmethane (167â
amu) and dehydrogenated methylbenzene (90â
amu) were also investigated. The appearance of the 167â
amu fragment could suggest an alternative ultrafast ringâopening pathway via the dissociation of one of the CâO bonds within the oxirane ring