Cuantificación y alteraciones histopatológicas producidas por concentraciones subletales de cobre en Fundulus heteroclitus

25 páginas.[EN] Fed and starved Fundulus heteroclitus specimens were exposed for 30 days to sublethal copper concentrations (800 ?g Cu2+/L). The accumulation of copper and histopathological effects on the liver and gills were studied. In both fed and starved specimens, the liver showed a progressive copper accumulation during the experimental period (from 2 to 30 days), with higher levels of copper in the liver of starved fish. Copper accumulation was also detected in the gills, and the specimens exposed to copper for 15 to 30 days (both fed and starved) showed significant differences (P < 0.005) with respect to the control group and the 2-day treated fishes. The main histopathological alterations were: vacuolization of hepatic parenchyma, desquamation of gill epithelia, lamellar telangiectasia, as well as hepatic and branchial necrosis. The results of this paper provide evidence that the nutritional status of the fish has great importance in modifying its response to sublethal copper effects.[ES]Ejemplares de Fundulus heteroclitus alimentados y mantenidos en inanición fueron expuestos a concentraciones subletales de cobre (800 µg Cu2+/L) durante un periodo de 30 días. Se estudió la acumulación de cobre, así como las alteraciones histopatológicas producidas en las branquias y en el hígado. El hígado, tanto en los organismos alimentados como en los mantenidos en ayunas, presentó acumulación progresiva hasta los 30 días, con mayores niveles en ejemplares sometidos al ayuno. Por otro lado, en las branquias se detectó también acumulación de cobre, presentando el grupo de organismos expuestos de 15 a 30 días (alimentados y sometidos a inanición) diferencias significativas (P < 0.005) con respecto al grupo control y los tratados durante 2 días. Las principales alteraciones histopatológicas fueron: vacuolización del parénquima hepático, descamación del epitelio branquial, telangiectasia lamelar, así como necrosis branquial y hepática. Los resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo muestran la importancia del estado nutricional de peces, como modificador de la respuesta de los mismos a los efectos subletales producidos por la exposición a cobre.Peer reviewe

Estado actual y perspectivas en acuicultura: histofisiología, histopatología y bioxicología

Actas del congreso celebrado en Puerto Real, Cádiz, los días 17-22 de febrero de 199

Biochemical effects and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) from a Huelva estuary (SW Spain).

Relations between several stress oxidative biomarkers and aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations have been studied in wild sole, Solea senegalensis collected in the vicinity of a petrochemical industry. Antioxidant enzyme activities in eco-toxicological studies constitute excellent markers for exposure to a large variety of pollutants. The 16 PAHs in sediment as well as oxidative damage (LPO), activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and PAHs type metabolites in sole liver were analysed. Significant correlations (p<0.05) were established between some biomarkers as GST, GPx and CAT and PAHs metabolites in liver (naphthalene, pyrene and phenanthrene) and PAHs concentrations in sediments (fluoranthene, acenaphthene, anthracene and chrysene). PAHs accumulated in the sediment and organisms are inducers of antioxidant defences. GST, GPx and CAT were robust biomarkers showing correlations with both PAHs in sediments and liver PAH metabolites showing different responses to low and high molecular weight PAHs

Histochemical aspects of the yolk-sac and digestive tract of larvae of the Senegal sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1858)

8 páginas, 3 figuras, 1 tabla.Histochemical distribution of glycoproteins, carbohydrates and proteins rich in different aminoacids were studied using histological and histochemical procedures, in Senegal sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1858) larvae from hatching until day 15. Glycogen, proteins and glycoproteins were detected in the yolk-sac of the larvae at hatching and during the yolk-resorption. The epithelia1 digestive system (brush border, enterocytes and goblet cells) contained neutral and acid mucins (carboxylated andlor sulphated). Glycogen was observed in the cytoplasm of the digestive absortive cells (enterocytes) and in the liver (hepatocytes) on day 3-4 posthatching. Protein reactions, and specially those that showed proteins rich in arginine, tyrosine and tryptophan, were very intense in the zymogen granules of the pancreatic cells. Oesophageal and intestinal goblet cells contained glucose N-acetyl and sialic acid residues, but the mucin content of these mucous cells did not show affinity towards Con-A, suggesting the absence of glycoproteins with Mannose andlor glucose residues. WGA showed a very intense positivity in the microvilli of the digestive epithelium of the larvae and positive granules for both lectins, specially for Con-A, were detected in the cytoplasm of the anterior intestinal enterocytes.This work was supported by the DGICYT and ClCM of Spain (Projects PB93-0756 and AGF94-0756, 1994-1997).Peer reviewe

GEODIVULGAR: Geología y Sociedad

Fac. de Ciencias GeológicasFALSEsubmitte

Geodivulgar: Geología y Sociedad 2018

Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasFALSEsubmitte

Geodivulgar: Geología y Sociedad

Con el lema “Geología para todos” el proyecto Geodivulgar: Geología y Sociedad apuesta por la divulgación de la Geología a todo tipo de público, incidiendo en la importancia de realizar simultáneamente una acción de integración social entre estudiantes y profesores de centros universitarios, de enseñanza infantil, primaria, de educación especial y un acercamiento con público con diversidad funcional

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat