Desarrollo de un modelo para determinación de abrasividad de suelos con características vérticas

Se desarrolló un modelo para estimar la capacidad abrasiva de suelos con características vérticas (Cotové - Santa Fé de Antioquia) durante el proceso de labranza en función de sus propiedades físicas, mecánicas y estructurales, y de las condiciones de operación de herramientas de arado cincel. Las propiedades del suelo presentaron en general una variabilidad relativamente alta. Utilizando componentes principales se demostró la presencia de dos tipos de suelos: franco arcilloso y franco limoso. Variables consideradas: densidad aparente (Da); humedad gravimétrica (W); contenido de materia orgánica (MO); fragmentos de roca (FR); tierra fina (T); morfología (M) y dureza de partículas (Ha); potencia (P) y velocidad de trabajo; dos tipos de suelos; y pérdida de peso de la herramienta (Yh). El índice de abrasividad (Ia) se determinó con base en imágenes de herramientas desgastadas, comparación entre tratamientos, análisis dimensional y regresiones multivariadas. Ia presentó alta correlación con tasas de desgaste, donde las variables FR/T y M en general tuvieron el mayor peso. Se observó presencia de desgaste severo en los vértices inferiores de herramientas, con redondeo y deformación plástica./ Abstract. A model was developed to estimate the abrasive capacity of soils with vertic characteristics (Cotové - Santa Fe de Antioquia) during the tillage process according to their physical, mechanical and structural properties, and operational conditions chisel plow tools. Soil properties presented in general a relatively high variability. Using principal components showed presence of two types of soils: clay loam and silt loam. Variables considered: bulk density (Da); gravimetric moisture (W); content of organic matter (MO); rock fragments (RF); fine earth (T); morphology (M) and particle hardness (Ha); power (P) and working speed; two types of soils; and weight loss of the tool (Yh). The abrasive Index (Ia) was determined based on images of worn tools, comparison between treatments, dimensional analysis and multivariate regressions. Ia showed high correlation with wear rates, where the variables FR/T and M in general had the most weight. The presence of severe wear was observed on the bottom corners of tools, with rounding and plastic deformation.Doctorad

Reproduction in Goats

Reproductive activity of the goat begins when the females reach puberty, which happens at 5 months of age. The ovarian or estrous cycle is the period between two consecutive estrus. It is also the time that lasts the development of the follicle in the ovary, until rupture occurs and ovulation takes place, which coincides with the appearance of estrus. This chapter will describe the physiological and endocrinological bases of estrus in the goat. Likewise, factors affecting the presence of estrus and ovulation will be described. At another point, synchronization of estrus and ovulation, factors affecting the presence of estrus and external symptoms of estrus, will be described. To achieve synchronization of estrus or induction of ovulation within or outside the breeding season, it may be necessary to manage light hours, male effect, and/or use of hormones. The importance of artificial insemination is described, as well as the current situation of this technique worldwide. Currently, the techniques of artificial insemination in goats have been limited worldwide, due to the lack of resources of producers and trained technicians. The techniques of artificial insemination with estrous synchronization programs and ovulation with current research results will be described

Relajación residual postoperatoria en pacientes mayores de 65 años en la Unidad de Cuidado Postanestésico

Abstract Introduction: Few studies have been made on the incidence of residual paralysis from nondepolarizing relaxants in people over 65 years old; however, estimating the number of cases and treatment thereof are both important. Objective: To study the incidence of residual paralysis with non-depolarizing relaxants in patients over 65 years of age and discuss treatment. Methodology: Analytical observational study based on a cohort design. Results: The pre-extubation residual paralysis was estimated at 23.2% and at 9.2% at patient admission to the Recovery Suite. Pharmacological reversal showed 89.4% and 100% success rates with Neostigmine and Sugammadex respectively, with similar times at T4/T1 > 0.9. Conclusions: The incidence of pre-extubation residual paralysis was lower than the figure published worldwide. Pharmacological reversal therapies were typically highly effective.Introducción: La incidencia de Relajación Residual por relajantes no despolarizantes en mayores de 65 años ha sido poco estudiada, siendo relevante su calculo y su tratamiento. Objetivo: Estudiar la incidencia de Relajación residual en pacientes mayores de 65 años con relajantes neuromusculares no despolarizantes y describir su tratamiento. Metodología: Estudio Observacional Analítico con Diseño de Cohorte. Resultados: La Relajación Residual pre-extubación fue del 23.2% y al ingreso a la Sala de Recuperación del 9.2%. La reversión farmacológica con Neostigmina exhibió un éxito del 89.4% y con Sugammadex del 100%, con similares tiempos a una T4/T1 > 0.9. Conclusiones: Las incidencias de Relajación Residual pre-extubación y en la Sala de Recuperación fueron mas bajas que las publicadas a nivel mundial. Las terapias de reversión farmacológica se distinguieron por su alta eficacia

Documentación e implementación del equipo de absorción atómica para el laboratorio de aguas del departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental de la Universidad Libre

En este trabajó se encontrara toda la información sobre la documentación e implementación de procedimientos para el uso y manejo adecuado del Equipo de Absorción Atómica Perkin Elmer 300, se hallaran una serie de guías que fueron diseñadas para que a los estudiantes y docentes de la facultad se les facilite la utilización del equipo, encontraremos la historia de los primeros estudios de la absorción atómica cuales eran los equipos de la época para su estudio y como fueron evolucionando dichos equipos de observación espectral hasta llegar a los de ultima tecnología los cuales nos permiten analizar muestras de agua, aire, suelo y tierra y arrojar resultados de absorbancia y curabas de calibración con las cuales las personas que estén manipulando el equipo podrán tener los criterios necesarios para interpretar los datos obtenidos. A demás de lo anterior encontraremos los pasos para la elaboración de los patrones a analizar cuales son los estándares que el equipo acepta, las lámparas y demás accesorios para cada práctica y obtener resultados confiables.Universidad LibreFacultad de IngenieríaPrograma de Ingeniería AmbientalIn this it worked was all the information on the documentation and implementation of procedures for the use and suitable handling of the Equipment of Atomic Absorption Perkin Elmer 300, was a series of guides who were designed so that to the educational students and of the faculty the use of the equipment is facilitated to them, we will find historic of the first studies of the atomic absorption as they were the equipment of the time for his study and as these spectral observer teams were evolving until arriving at those from completes technology which allows us to analyze water samples, air, ground and earth and to throw absorbancia results and you cured of calibration with which the people that is manipulating the equipment will be able to have the criteria necessary to process the obtained data. To others of the previous thing we will find the passages for the elaboration of the patterns to analyze as they are the standards that the equipment accepts, the lamps and other accessories each practice and to obtain reliable results

Defining the Optimal Region of Interest for Hyperemia Grading in the Bulbar Conjunctiva

Conjunctival hyperemia or conjunctival redness is a symptom that can be associated with a broad group of ocular diseases. Its levels of severity are represented by standard photographic charts that are visually compared with the patient’s eye. This way, the hyperemia diagnosis becomes a nonrepeatable task that depends on the experience of the grader. To solve this problem, we have proposed a computer-aided methodology that comprises three main stages: the segmentation of the conjunctiva, the extraction of features in this region based on colour and the presence of blood vessels, and, finally, the transformation of these features into grading scale values by means of regression techniques. However, the conjunctival segmentation can be slightly inaccurate mainly due to illumination issues. In this work, we analyse the relevance of different features with respect to their location within the conjunctiva in order to delimit a reliable region of interest for the grading. The results show that the automatic procedure behaves like an expert using only a limited region of interest within the conjunctivaThis research has been partially supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad through the Research Contract DPI2015-69948-R. María Luisa Sánchez Brea acknowledges the support of the University of A Coruna though the Inditex-UDC Grant ProgramS

Phototherapy induces an improvement in clinical and biochemical scores in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease for which there is no known cure. Ultraviolet light can induce immunosuppressive effects. Our main objective was to ascertain whether a complementary treatment with phototherapy improves changes in functional scales in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Seven women with rheumatoid arthritis were enrolled for this study and submitted to phototherapy sessions with a 425 to 650 nm lamp. Results: The Karnofsky scale changed from requiring frequent medical care to being capable of normal activity with few symptoms or signs of disease (p = 0.018), the RaQol questionnaire decreased abruptly from 29 to zero points (p = 0.018), the Steinbrocker Functional Capacity Rating changed from limited to little or none of the duties of usual occupation or self-care to complete ability to carry out all the usual duties without handicaps (p = 0.017). The pain was remitted after the treatment period. The acute inflammation variables showed a significant decrease after the indicated sessions, C-reactive protein (p = 0.042), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.018). Conclusion: The evaluated scales clearly show a benefit with the phototherapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thus, phototherapy seems to be a plausible complementary option to reduce the symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis

Curricular integration in the transformation process of the Odontology program at the University of Antioquia: a problem in curriculum management

RESUMEN: El presente artículo expone la relación existente entre el papel de la integración curricular en la práctica educativa en la sociedad actual y la gestión del currículo como el camino necesario para su aplicación. Se describen los problemas que genera la ausencia de un plan de gestión curricular en la institución educativa en proceso de transformación, tanto desde el punto de vista organizacional como curricular. Luego de realizar una mirada general a los procesos de transformación curricular se expone como afirmación central el hecho de que ni la integración, ni la gestión curricular, se observan claramente definidas en las transformaciones curriculares que actualmente se llevan a cabo; como ejemplo se presenta el caso de la transformación curricular que se adelanta en la Facultad de odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia, en la cual se identifica una situación problema generada por la ausencia de un plan de gestión curricular para la aplicación de la propuesta de trasformación curricular vigente. Identificada dicha situación se formula la siguiente hipótesis a manera de duda para empezar a esbozar una respuesta: ¿Cómo desde un plan de gestión curricular, se puede alcanzar una real integración curricular en el programa de odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia?ABSTARCT: The present article presents the existing relation between the role of curriculum integration in the educational practice in the current society, and curriculum management as necessary means for your its application. The problems generated by the absence of a curriculum management plan in the educational institution in process of transformation are described both from the organizational and curricular points of view. After taking a general look at the processes of curriculum transformation, a central affirmation is revealed; the fact that neither integration, nor curricular management, are clearly defined as observed in the curricular transformations that are carried out nowadays. Case in point is the curricular transformation that is taking place at the Faculty of odontology of the University of Antioquia, in which a problematic situation is identified, as generated by the absence of a curriculum management plan for the application of the currently proposed curriculum transformation. Once the above mentioned situation is identified, the following hypothesis is formulated as a doubtful statement in order to generate a response: How, from a curriculum management plan, can we achieve a real curriculum integration program of odontology at the University of Antioquia

Correlation of HbA1c with a basic math test in gestational diabetes

Background: A good metabolic control in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is crucial to avoid complications in the mother and the offspring. A limitation to reach a desired HbA1c in GDM is the education level of the mothers. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the HbA1c and the points obtained in a basic mathematical test. Study Design: cross-sectional study. Methods: This was a pilot study, prospective and cross-sectional. Pregnant women, older than 18 years old, diagnosed with GDM were invited to participate resolving a mathematical test of ten questions. HbA1c was done in the first consultation. Spearman correlation test was used between HbA1c and the punctuation of the mathematical test. Results: 31 patients with a mean age of 29 ± 6.7 years old accepted to participate. The education level was as follows: 5 (16.12%) with Primary School, 20 (64.51%) with High School, 2 (6.45%) with Preparatory School, 2 (6.45%) with technical studies and 1 (3.22%) that finished the University. The Spearman test showed a negative correlation between the mathematical test and the HbA1c (r2 = -0.395, P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: A low mathematics knowledge limits the expectation to get an optimal metabolic control in GDM

Complications in pregnant women with autoimmune diseases

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune diseases complicate pregnancy in several manners. This study aimed at describing the most common complications in pregnant women with autoimmune diseases. METHODS: This was a descriptive and retrospective study. Two groups of pregnant women with autoimmune diseases were included: 1) Those who since the beginning of gestation received obstetrical care at a tertiary-level hospital and 2) Women who were treated first in a medical unit not specialized in rheumatological diseases. Odds ratio, logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression were used to determine risk of complicated pregnancy. RESULTS: The distribution of autoimmune diseases in our sample is as follows: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): 6, rheumatoid arthritis (RA): 4, primary anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS): 4, systemic sclerosis (SS): 2, mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD): 1. Eight patients were seen throughout their gestation at a tertiary-level hospital and nine were referred from other non-specialized hospitals. Patients in the first group had four complications, and those of the second group, 28. The Odds Ratio (OR) of having a complication in the hospitals of reference compared to the “Mónica Pretelini Sáenz” Maternal-Perinatal Hospital (HMPMPS) was of 29.8 (95% CI: 1.29-692.46; Z statistic 2.11, p = 0.03). In relation to the logistic regression, this test was not significant neither for the group nor the treatment scheme for the presence of at least one complication. The multinomial logistic regression did not show significant predictive probabilities of the different possible outcomes for the group and drug treatment scheme. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with autoimmune diseases can have an OR up to 29.8 to develop complications when they are not cared for by specialized personnel

Nanoparticles for death‑induced gene therapy in cancer (Review)

Abstract. Due to the high toxicity and side effects of the use of traditional chemotherapy in cancer, scientists are working on the development of alternative therapeutic technologies. An example of this is the use of death-induced gene therapy. This therapy consists of the killing of tumor cells via transfection with plasmid DNA (pDNA) that contains a gene which produces a protein that results in the apoptosis of cancerous cells. The cell death is caused by the direct activation of apoptosis (apoptosis-induced gene therapy) or by the protein toxic effects (toxin-induced gene therapy). The introduction of pDNA into the tumor cells has been a challenge for the development of this therapy. The most recent implementation of gene vectors is the use of polymeric or inorganic nanoparticles, which have biological and physicochemical properties (shape, size, surface charge, water interaction and biodegradation rate) that allow them to carry the pDNA into the tumor cell. Furthermore, nanoparticles may be functionalized with specific molecules for the recognition of molecular markers on the surface of tumor cells. The binding between the nanoparticle and the tumor cell induces specific endocytosis, avoiding toxicity in healthy cells. Currently, there are no clinical protocols approved for the use of nanoparticles in death-induced gene therapy. There are still various challenges in the design of the perfect transfection vector, however nanoparticles have been demonstrated to be a suitable candidate. This review describes the role of nanoparticles used for pDNA transfection and key aspects for their use in death-induced gene therap