Optimización de la gestión de redes de riego a presión a diferentes escalas mediante Inteligencia Artificial

Factors such as climate change, world population growth or the competition for the water resources make freshwater availability become an increasingly large and complex global challenge. Under this scenario of reduced water availability, increasing droughts frequency and uncertainties associated with a changing climate, the irrigated agriculture sector, particularly in the Mediterranean region, will need to be even more efficient in the use of the water resources. In Spain, many irrigation districts have been modernized in recent years, replacing the obsolete open channels by pressurized water distribution networks towards improvements in water use efficiency. Thanks to this, water use has reduced but the energy demand and the water costs have dramatically increased. Thus, strategies to reduce simultaneously water and energy uses in irrigation districts are required. This thesis consists of nine chapters, which include several models to optimize the management of the irrigation districts and increase the efficiency of water and energy use.Factores tales como el cambio climático, el crecimiento de la población mundial o la competencia por los recursos hídricos hacen que la disponibilidad de agua se esté convirtiendo en un desafío global cada vez más grande y complejo. En este escenario de reducción de la disponibilidad de agua, aumento de la frecuencia de las sequías y de las incertidumbres asociadas a un cambio climático, el sector de la agricultura de regadío, en particular en la región mediterránea, tendrá que ser aún más eficiente en el uso de los recursos hídricos. En España, muchas comunidades de regantes se han modernizado en los últimos años, sustituyendo los obsoletos canales abiertos por redes de distribución de agua a presión con el objetivo de mejorar la eficiencia en el uso del agua. Gracias a esto, el uso del agua se ha reducido, pero la demanda de energía y los costos del agua se han incrementado drásticamente. Por lo tanto, se requieren estrategias para reducir simultáneamente el uso de agua y energía en las comunidades de regantes. Esta tesis consta de nueve capítulos que incluyen varios modelos para optimizar la gestión de las comunidades de regantes y aumentar la eficiencia en el uso del agua y la energía

The presence of universal accessibility in doctoral dissertations deposited in Spain between 1998-1999 and 2017-2018 academic years

The goal of this research is the identification and analysis of doctoral dissertations registered in Spain that address universal accessibility as a topic in order to detect trends, the scope for development and leading institutions. The TESEO database has been used as a basic tool. A significant number of dissertations on universal accessibility published in Spain between 1998-1999 and 2017-2018 academic years have been identified, although these make up a small proportion of the total number of those registered. Specifically, the database contains 108 dissertations on this subject. The most common topics are the accessibility to digital services in general, accessibility to art, culture and tourism, inclusive education, assistive products, accessibility to the urban environment, transport and buildings, and accessibility as a fundamental right.Some of the dissertations found a deal with subjects rarely studied from the point of view of universal accessibility, such as banking, communication, employment, the home and R&D&I processes. The educational institutions which have published the largest number of these dissertations on universal accessibility are the Technical University of Madrid and the University of Granada, followed by the University of Valencia and the Technical University of Valencia.Peer Reviewe

Mendler-style Iso-(Co)inductive predicates: a strongly normalizing approach

We present an extension of the second-order logic AF2 with iso-style inductive and coinductive definitions specifically designed to extract programs from proofs a la Krivine-Parigot by means of primitive (co)recursion principles. Our logic includes primitive constructors of least and greatest fixed points of predicate transformers, but contrary to the common approach, we do not restrict ourselves to positive operators to ensure monotonicity, instead we use the Mendler-style, motivated here by the concept of monotonization of an arbitrary operator on a complete lattice. We prove an adequacy theorem with respect to a realizability semantics based on saturated sets and saturated-valued functions and as a consequence we obtain the strong normalization property for the proof-term reduction, an important feature which is absent in previous related work.Comment: In Proceedings LSFA 2011, arXiv:1203.542

Karst Hidrology oh Mallorca

Els aqüífers carstics de Mallorca resulten d'importancia essencial per a I'abastiment d'aigua de I'llla. Es poden distingir dos tipus d'aqüifers carstics: els desenvolupats en mater ial~do lomítics i calcaris del Jurassic inferior i els que es troben en els diposits tabulars del Mioce superior. Els primers representen materials fortament aixecats i estructurats on es presenta freqüentment una doble permeabilitat, que registra una circulació a través de grans cavitats ¡/o de petites fissures. Els aqüífers carstics del segon tipus s'estenen sobre diposits subhoritzontals, lleugerament aixecats i amb una intensa relació amb les oscil.lacions del nivel1 de la mar.Karstic aquifers of Mallorca are of vital importance for the water supply of the island. Two types have been distinguished: the first one corresponds to greatly structured and folded dolomites and limestones, early Jurassic in age, which usually develop a double permeability characterized by flows both through large karst conduits and through small fissures. The second type of karst aquifers develops in tabular upper Miocene deposits gently structured and uplifted, located in the coastal zones in southern Mallorc

La accesibilidad de los medios de comunicación digitales en España: responsabilidad de los periodistas en la generación de contenidos inclusivos

After analysing reference studies on the accessibility of digital communications media in Spain and consulting with accessibility experts, this study identifies the access barriers for disabled people, the elderly and other groups that can be generated by journalists when producing contents for the web environment. The main barriers which can be affected by the professional practice of journalists include the following: imprecise hyperlinks, image links without text alternatives, no new window alert, images with missing or inadequate text alternatives, incorrect heading structure, inadequate marking of lists, images with printed text, poor image contrast, the semantic use of colour without offering an alternative and incorrect marking of data tables. Barriers are identified in relation to fonts that are dependent on website layout, but contain properties that can be modified by journalists. Barriers that arise in multimedia content owing to the lack of subtitles or audio description are also detected, although the possibility of including such functions requires both knowledge and specific tools that are currently beyond the reach of journalists.Partiendo del análisis de estudios de referencia sobre la accesibilidad de los medios de comunicación digitales en España y de una consulta a expertos en accesibilidad, se han identificado las barreras que pueden ser generadas por los periodistas en la elaboración de los contenidos para el entorno web y que dificultan el acceso de personas con discapacidad, mayores y otros colectivos con riesgo de exclusión social. Las principales barreras sobre las que puede influir directamente la práctica profesional de los periodistas son: texto de los enlaces impreciso, enlaces de imagen sin alternativa textual, ausencia de aviso de apertura de nuevas ventanas, alternativa textual inexistente o inadecuada en imágenes, estructura de encabezados incorrecta, marcado inadecuado de listas, imágenes con texto impreso, contraste insuficiente en imágenes, uso semántico del color sin alternativa y marcado incorrecto de tablas de datos. Además, se identifican barreras relacionadas con las fuentes que dependen de la maquetación del sitio, pero sobre cuyas propiedades los periodistas pueden aplicar modificaciones. Por último, se detectan barreras en el contenido multimedia debido a la ausencia de subtitulado y audiodescripción, aunque la inclusión de estas alternativas requiere de conocimientos y herramientas muy específicas que actualmente no se encuentran al alcance de los periodistas

Critical points: interctions between on-farm irrigation systems and water distribution network. Application in Bembezar M.D., Spain

Premio extraordinario de Trabajo Fin de Máster curso 2012-2013.Proyectos y Gestión de Plantas AgroindustrialesIn this work, a new model useful to analyze interactions between the on-farm irrigation system supplied by critical points and the water supply network management is developed. The model evaluates the impacts of changes in the pressure head and demand simultaneity on the irrigation systems and evaluates the emitters’ discharge and uniformity. Also, the potential reductions in yield due to lower uniformity are evaluated. The methodology is applied in Bembézar Irrigation District (Southern Spain). Results showed that the additional cost required for giving maximum pressure in the critical point does not offset the increase in yield. Hence, an increment from 91.7 % to 92.1 % in yield in the critical field would represent increases in energy consumption from 0.15 kWh m-3 to 0.17 kWh m-3. Also, the unit energy cost could be reduced in up to 0.11 kWh m-3 not implying significant reductions in yield. The importance of a good election of emitters in the critical fields is also evaluated

The accessibility of digital communications media in Spain: the responsibility of journalists in the generation of inclusive content

After analysing reference studies on the accessibility of digital communications media in Spain and consulting with accessibility experts, this study identifies the access barriers for disabled people, the elderly and other groups that can be generated by journalists when producing contents for the web environment. The main barriers which can be affected by the professional practice of journalists include the following: imprecise hyperlinks, image links without text alternatives, no new window alert, images with missing or inadequate text alternatives, incorrect heading structure, inadequate marking of lists, images with printed text, poor image contrast, the semantic use of colour without offering an alternative and incorrect marking of data tables. Barriers are identified in relation to fonts that are dependent on website layout, but contain properties that can be modified by journalists. Barriers that arise in multimedia content owing to the lack of subtitles or audio description are also detected, although the possibility of including such functions requires both knowledge and specific tools that are currently beyond the reach of journalists

La misión de la Iglesia en el mundo actual

el tema de la misión de la Iglesia según el documento conciliar Gaudium et spes es abordado en la perspectiva global de la “recepción” del Concilio. El estudio empieza con un resumen de lo específico y nuevo de Gaudium et spes en su contexto histórico y los cambios de aquella época para la Iglesia católica que, “estupefacta” miraba al mundo; a continuación se estudia la gestación de Gaudium et spes, haciéndose una valoración de los aspectos positivos y negativos, así como un primer balance posconciliar. La relectura de la Constitución Gaudium et spes en una Iglesia transformada en un mundo muy cambiado conduce a la reflexión eclesiológica sobre la recepción y la tradición. Estas expresan una crisis en la relación de la Iglesia con el mundo, así como los cambios en la concepción teológica de mundo. La relectura se hace a la luz de la recepción del documento, para después replantear el tema de la recepción en sí misma. En la corriente de la reforma de la Iglesia, la tradición es entendida como proceso creativo, por tanto abierto a algunas pistas sobre los contornos del ser eclesial y los nuevos modelos sociales del futuro

Modelling and Management of Irrigation System

Irrigation is becoming an activity of precision, where combining information collected from various sources is necessary to optimally manage resources. New management strategies, such as big data techniques, sensors, artificial intelligence, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and new technologies in general, are becoming more relevant every day. As such, modeling techniques, both at the water distribution network and the farm levels, will be essential to gather information from various sources and offer useful recommendations for decision-making processes. In this book, 10 high quality papers were selected that cover a wide range of issues that are relevant to the different aspects related to irrigation management: water source and distribution network, plot irrigation systems, and crop water management

Atención y procesamiento emocional en personas con trastorno bipolar

Las personas con trastorno bipolar se caracterizan por una desregulación emocional que afecta a cómo atienden a la información que les rodea. Investigaciones recientes han encontrado sesgos atencionales en las personas con trastorno bipolar, tanto cuando su estado de ánimo es bajo (mayor atención a palabras negativas y rostros tristes) como cuando su estado de ánimo es elevado (mayor atención a palabras positivas y caras alegres). Es importante destacar que, en personas con depresión, estos sesgos pueden entrenarse de manera que disminuye la sintomatología afectiva. Esta opción podría contemplarse como una nueva alternativa de intervención en el trastorno bipolar