Jews in exile from the 3rd Reich in the spanish cinema: 1933-1936

Este artículo pretende dar cuenta por extenso de la participación de judíos exiliados del Tercer Reich en el cine español entre 1933 y 1936, años en los que florece la industria cinematográfica española tras la crisis del sonoro. Se analizan aquí las estrategias de las empresas que estos exiliados forman o gestionan, y el papel de los técnicos y artistas en el conjunto de la cinematografía española, ofreciendo un listado pormenorizado de nombres y actividades, y su destino tras el inicio de la Guerra Civil en EspañaThe aim of this paper is to fully inform the participation in the Spanish cinema between 1933 and 1936 of Jews in exile from the Third Reich. It is in these years that the Spanish film industry flourishes after the ‘Sound Crisis’. Not only the strategies of the production companies that these exiled Jews created or managed will be analysed, but also the role of technicians and artists that participated in every aspect of the Spanish cinematography. Additionally, a detailed list of names and activities will be provided, with indication of their destiny after the beginning of the Spanish Civil WarEste trabajo se inscribe en el Proyecto de Investigación financiado por el Plan Nacional del Ministerio de Economía y competitividad con clave HAR 2011-2437

Common gene expression strategies revealed by genome-wide analysis in yeast

A comprehensive analysis of six variables characterizing gene expression in yeast, including transcription and translation, mRNA and protein amounts, reveals a general tendency for levels of mRNA and protein to be harmonized, and for functionally related genes to have similar values for these variables

Ruthenium catalysis in biological habitats

Dedicated to Prof. Janine CossyRecent years have witnessed a considerable progress in research aimed at merging transition metal catalysis with chemical and cell biology. Therefore, a crescent number of metal-catalyzed transformations have been shown compatible with biological media and even with living settings. Of the different transition metals used to build these biocompatible catalysts, ruthenium has demonstrated to be particularly powerful, in part because the resulting complexes exhibit a very good balance between reactivity and biological stability. Indeed, ruthenium complexes have demonstrated utility to promote a great variety of reactions in biologically relevant contexts, from deprotection and redox processes to cycloadditions or photocatalytic transformations. Many of these reactions may enable the development of new type of biological tools and pharmacological strategiesPID2020-118579GB−I00; PID2019-108624RB−I00; Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria-Grant Numbers: ED431 C 2021/25, ED431G 2019/03; European Union; Ministerio de Universidades. Grant Number: FPU17/00711S

The Cyclical Behavior of Bank Capital Buffers in an Emerging Economy: Size Does Matter

Using a panel of Colombian banks and quarterly data between 1996:1 and 2010:3, we study the relationship between short-run adjustments in bank capital buffers and the business cycle. We follow a partial adjustment framework and control for several variables that have been identified as important determinants of bank capital buffers in previous studies, and find that bank capital buffers vary over the business cycle. We are able to identify a negative co-movement of capital buffers and the business cycle. However, we also find that capital buffers of small and large banks behave asymmetrically during the business cycle. While the former appear to be constant over time, once the appropriate set of control variables is used, the latter present a countercyclical behavior. Our results suggest the possible need of the implementation of regulatory policy measures in developing countries.Bank capital buffers, Credit risk, Regulation, Colombia. Classification JEL: C26, G2, G28.

The cyclical behavior of bank capital buffers in an emerging economy: size do matters

Using a panel of Colombian banks and quarterly data between 1996:1 and 2010:3, we study the relationship between short-run adjustments in bank capital buffers and the business cycle. We follow a partial adjustment framework and control for several variables that have been identified as important determinants of bank capital buffers in previous studies, and find that bank capital buffers vary overthe business cycle. We are able to identify a negative co-movement of capital buffers and and the business cycle. However, we also find that capital buffers of small and large banks behave asymmetrically during the business cycle. While the former appear to be constant over time, once the appropriate set of control variables is used, the latter present a countercyclical behavior. Our results suggest the possible need of the implementation of regulatory policy measures in developing countries.Bank capital bu§ers; Credit risk; Regulation; Colombia

Transfer of lipids between hemolymph and hepatopancreas in the shrimp Macrobrachium borellii

Crustacean lipids are transported in the hemolymph by an HDL. The hepatopancreas is the most important and active organ regarding lipid metabolism, so we studied the interchange of FA and acylglycerols between both components of the hepatopancreas-hemolymph system in the decapod crustacean Macrobrachium borellii. The hepatopancreas and a sole plasma lipoprotein were labeled by in vivo incubations with 14C palmitic acid injected into the hemolymph. Then they were incubated in vitro with unlabeled hepatopancreas and hemolymph, and the transfer of lipids between them was measured by radiochromatographic techniques. It was determined in vivo that more than 80% of the circulating palmitic acid was taken up by the hepatopancreas and incorporated into PC and TAG. Both classes of lipids, but mainly PC, were transferred back from tissues to the hemolymph. Lipid transfer was also demonstrated in vitro. The transfer of PC (30% of labeling) as well as that of FFA (48% of labeling) from hemolymph to hepatopancreas was determined. On the other hand, FFA were released more efficiently than the acylglycerols from intact hepatopancreas to hemolymph, and they were the only lipid transferred when the hepatopancreas had been previously washed.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plat

Bioorthogonal Azide–Thioalkyne Cycloaddition Catalyzed by Photoactivatable Ruthenium(II) Complexes

Tailored ruthenium sandwich complexes bearing photoresponsive arene ligands can efficiently promote azide–thioalkyne cycloaddition (RuAtAC) when irradiated with UV light. The reactions can be performed in a bioorthogonal manner in aqueous mixtures containing biological components. The strategy can also be applied for the selective modification of biopolymers, such as DNA or peptides. Importantly, this ruthenium-based technology and the standard copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) proved to be compatible and mutually orthogonalThis research received financial support from the Spanish MINECO (SAF2016-76689-R, CTQ2017-84767-P and PID2019-106184GB-I00, and a FPU predoctoral Fellowship to AGG), the Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2017/19, 2015-CP082, Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019–2022, ED431G 2019/03), the ERDF, and the ERC (Adv. Grant No. 340055). The Orfeo-Cinqa network (CTQ2016-81797-REDC) is also acknowledgedS

Object Person Marking in two under-represented Spanish dialects of Mexico

This paper is about a clitic-like form lo that appears in two under-studied dialects of Mexico in the context of transitive clauses. The distribution of this clitic-like form in these dialects is at odds with Standard Mexican Spanish which does not allow it in the same context. This clitic-like form resembles the singular, masculine, accusative object clitic of Standard Spanish, but it differs in that it does not show the agreement pattern expected for object clitics. In this paper we argue that this clitic-like form is better understood as an object marker that is triggered by the lack of a positive [Participant] feature in the direct object as part of the extended projection of the Object-DP. We also propose that this marking strategy is not the result of linguistic transfer or interaction with a different language, but rather a possible development within the grammar of Spanish. This marking strategy is, in fact, an inherent strategy of Spanish, but it gets blocked by normative pressure. The fact that this strategy flourishes in dialects apart from normative/academic contexts could be an indicator that the explanation we offer is on the right track

Identifying past social-ecological thresholds to understand long-term temporal dynamics in Spain

A thorough understanding of long-term temporal social-ecological dynamics at the national scale helps to explain the current condition of a country’s ecosystems and to support environmental policies to tackle future sustainability challenges. We aimed to develop a methodological approach to understand past long-term (1960-2010) social-ecological dynamics in Spain. First, we developed a methodical framework that allowed us to explore complex social-ecological dynamics among biodiversity, ecosystem services, human well-being, drivers of change, and institutional responses. Second, we compiled 21 long-term, national-scale indicators and analyzed their temporal relationships through a redundancy analysis. Third, we used a Bayesian change point analysis to detect evidence of past social-ecological thresholds and historical time periods. Our results revealed that Spain has passed through four socialecological thresholds that define five different time periods of nature and society relationships. Finally, we discussed how the proposed methodological approach helps to reinterpret national-level ecosystem indicators through a new conceptual lens to develop a more systems-based way of understanding long-term social-ecological patterns and dynamicsThis work was supported by the Biodiversity Foundation (http://www.fundacion-biodiversidad.es/) of the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment. Partial financial support was also provided by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (project CGL2014-53782-P: ECOGRADIENTES). The Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA) funded Marina García-Llorente as part of the European Social Fund. Blanca González García-Mon participated in this article as a “la Caixa” Banking Foundation scholar. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, preparation of the report, or the decision to submit the study for publicatio