La función de la 'Crítica del juicio'

Con la Crítica del Juicio Kant da por terminada su obra crítica. En las anteriores se nos presentaban dos 'territorios» irreconciliables'. Un mismo ente encuentra su actividad dividida: el mundo fenoménico (reino de la causalidad, concepción mecanicista de la naturaleza) y el mundo de la moral (reino de la libertad). No hay posibilidad de subsunción del primero en el segundo cuando son considerados aisladamente. Sin embargo la Razón es única y único su campo de actuación: la naturaleza, por 10 que debe haber algún modo de armonizar ambas actuaciones, algo que participe del entendimiento y de la razón. La «facultad de juzgar» será la encargada de restablecer la armonía primaria por medio de la \lidoneidad». Esta facultad no debe ser entendida como un «mero juzgar», sino como un apreciar o estimar con respeto a un fin que supone la libertad

El homo sapiens sapiens especie poco protegida

La paradoja más lacerante de nuestros días es la creciente distancia entre la Declaración de los Derechos del Hombre de 1948 y su escasa implantación en la realidad cotidiana. Los derechos del hombre sólo son posibles teniendo como horizonte la Humanidad, no los Estadosnación. Los apátridas, los refugiados, los inmigrantes son el escándalo y la denuncia de esa distancia entre “derechos del hombre” y “derechos del ciudadano”. Cualquier razón –cultural, política, económica- nos sirve para demonizar al “otro”, al que no es como nosotros.The increasing distance between the Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 and its little introduction in every day life is the most hurting paradox of our times. Rights of Man are only possible if the goal is Humanity, not Nation-states. Stateless people, refugees and immigrants are the complaint that bring shame on that distance between ‘rights of man’ and `rights of the citizen’. We use any reason – cultural, economic, political- to demonize the ‘other’, the different one

El arte por el arte : aproximación teórico-práctica sobre los beneficios que supone una educación bilingüe curricularmente integrada, utilizando el arte como elemento conductor del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje

Trabajo Fin de Grado-Universidad de Salamanca, 2014[ES] El reto propuesto en el presente trabajo, muestra una visión alternativa, utilizando el arte como elemento conductor a la hora de presentar la educación reglada en un entorno de aprendizaje CLIL. En los tres primeros capítulos, el autor expone y justifica las ventajas de la enseñanza CLIL así como los diferentes aspectos de su metodología activa. A partir del cuarto capítulo, se plantea un proyecto a través de la Unidad Didáctica Van Gogh, nice to meet you!, diseñada para un Colegio de Educación Infantil y Primaria de carácter bilingüe que tenga como lenguas de referencia cualquiera de las oficiales presentes en España como lengua materna y el Inglés como segunda lengua. Del mismo modo, con independencia del número de alumnos y de la ubicación geográfica del centro, pudiendo ser aplicada tanto en entornos rurales como urbanos. No es, por tanto, esta, una Unidad Didáctica al uso, ni mucho menos una programación de aula, sino un corpus de actividades cuyos objetivos inciden en variados intereses[EN] The proposed in this paper, shows an alternative vision challenge, using art as a conductive element in presenting formal education in a learning environment CLIL. In the first three chapters, the author explains and justifies the benefits of CLIL teaching and the various aspects of its working methodology. From the fourth chapter, a project arises through the teaching unit Van Gogh, nice to meet you !, designed for the College of Education and Primary have bilingual character as languages ​​of reference any of the officers present in Spain mother tongue and English as a second language. Similarly, regardless of the number of students and the geographical location of the center, which can be applied in both rural and urban settings. It is therefore this, a teaching unit to use, let alone a classroom programming, but a corpus of activities whose goals affect various interests

Factores que influyen en la calidad del sueño de pacientes institucionalizados

INTRODUCCIÓN: El sueño es indicador de calidad de vida, en él se producen procesos restaurativos. Sin embargo la institucionalización hospitalaria favorece las alteraciones del sueño que afectan a estos procesos restaurativos. Debido a la necesidad de investigaciones en este campo planteamos como objetivo del estudio, analizar la calidad del sueño, somnolencia, ritmo circadiano y el grado de confort, así como los factores asociados de pacientes institucionalizados en 2 centros hospitalarios de Murcia (España). METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo. Se ha elaborado un cuestionario para pacientes institucionalizados. Se han analizado, entre otras variables, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el consumo de cigarrillos, calidad del sueño (índice Pittsburgh) y la somnolencia diurna (escala Epworth) mediante estadísticos descriptivos básicos y bivariados utilizando la correlación de Pearson. RESULTADOS: El 100% de los pacientes presentan mala calidad del sueño. Por otro lado, los pacientes con más obesidad tienen un mayor hábito tabáquico (R=0.634 con p<0.001) y tienen peor calidad del sueño (R=0.339 con p=0.04). Un 70.3% presenta somnolencia diurna de moderada a grave. DISCUSIÓN: La adicción tabáquica en sujetos hospitalizados aumenta el disconfort. La hospitalización provoca alteraciones del sueño y aumenta la somnolencia diurna. CONCLUSIONES: La hospitalización, así como el IMC y el hábito tabáquico, tienen relación con la aparición de una mala calidad del sueño. El mantenimiento de un buen sueño a nivel hospitalario es uno de los desafíos sanitarios del futuro

The Masked Polar Group Incorporation (MPGI) Strategy in Drug Design: Effects of Nitrogen Substitutions on Combretastatin and Isocombretastatin Tubulin Inhibitors

[EN] Colchicine site ligands suffer from low aqueous solubility due to the highly hydrophobic nature of the binding site. A new strategy for increasing molecular polarity without exposing polar groups—termed masked polar group incorporation (MPGI)—was devised and applied to nitrogenated combretastatin analogues. Bulky ortho substituents to the pyridine nitrogen hinder it from the hydrophobic pocket while increasing molecular polarity. The resulting analogues show improved aqueous solubilities and highly potent antiproliferative activity against several cancer cell lines of different origin. The more potent compounds showed moderate tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity, arrested the cell cycle of treated cells at the G2/M phase, and subsequently caused apoptotic cell death represented by the cells gathered at the subG0/G1 population after 48 h of treatment. Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) double-positive cells observed after 72 h confirmed the induction of apoptosis. Docking studies suggest binding at the colchicine site of tubulin in a similar way as combretastatin A4, with the polar groups masked by the vicinal substituents. These results validate the proposed strategy for the design of colchicine site ligands and open a new road to increasing the aqueous solubility of ligands binding in apolar environments

Work Shift and Circadian Rhythm as Risk Factors for Poor Sleep Quality in Public Workers from Murcia (Spain)

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of sleep quality and to investigate variables predicting the risk of poor sleep quality in public workers from Murcia (Spain). A cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted from October 2013 to February 2016 in 476 public workers. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to measure the quality of sleep, and the reduced scale of the Horne and Österberg Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire was applied to analyze the circadian typology. The predictive variables of self-reported poor sleep quality were identified by multivariate logistic regression. No significant differences were found according to sex in the overall sleep quality scores (5 ± 2.9 versus 5.1 ± 3, p = 0.650), but there were in the duration of sleep. Three percent of females slept <5 hours compared to 2% of men (p = 0.034). Fixed morning shifts (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–3.1; p = 0.007) and evening chronotypes (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.3; p = 0.017) were independent predictors of suffering from poor sleep quality. In conclusion, the frequency of self-reported poor sleep quality among public workers from Murcia was 37.4%. Being a public worker with a fixed morning shift and having an evening chronotype demonstrated to be associated with the quality of sleep

Reliability and Validity of a Stress Scale in Public Employees from Murcia (Spain)

Stress is common in all work environments. Technostress and the difficulty of separating the family arena from the work environment are some of the new and emerging risks faced by companies, employees and society in general. Most of the available instruments for measuring stress in workers have been focused on education professionals and healthcare workers. Therefore, it is necessary to validate simple and friendly-use tools to detect stress levels in public workers. The aim of this study was to determine the internal consistency of an adapted version of the Student Stress Inventory-Stress Manifestations (SSI-SM) for public employees and to determine if high-stress levels are related to personal and work-related factors. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from October 2016 to February 2019 including 468 Spanish public workers based in Murcia. An adapted version of the SSI-SM was administered and data on personal and work-related factors were collected. Results showed that all of the factors had Cronbach’s α over 0.700, and no items need to be deleted due to correlations with the factor exceeding 0.300. Factor 1, “Self-concept”, has a Cronbach’s α of 0.868, with values of 15.62 ± 4.99; factor 2, “Sociability”, Cronbach’s α: 0.853, with mean values of 13.33 ± 4.17; factor 3, “Somatization”, Cronbach’s α: 0.704, mean value of 5.35 ± 1.90 and: factor 4, “Uncertainty”, Cronbach’s α: 0.746, with a mean value of 8.19 ± 2.51. In conclusion, the internal consistency of the adapted SSI-SM for public employees with different work positions and shifts has been validated and determined. This study provides a useful tool for the early detection of stress in public employees and may be potentially useful for preventing the harmful consequences of stres

Relationship between sleep habits and academic performance in university Nursing students

Background Sleep disorders are composed of a group of diseases of increasing prevalence and with social-health implications to be considered a public health problem. Sleep habits and specific sleep behaviors have an influence on the academic success of students. However, the characteristics of sleep and sleep habits of university students as predictors of poor academic performance have been scarcely analyzed. In the present study, we aimed to investigate sleep habits and their influence on academic performance in a cohort of Nursing Degree students. Methods This was a cross-sectional and observational study. An anonymous and self-administered questionnaire was used, including different scales such as the ‘Morningness and Eveningness scale’, an author-generated sleep habit questionnaire, and certain variables aimed at studying the socio-familial and academic aspects of the Nursing students. The association of sleep habits and other variables with poor academic performance was investigated by logistic regression. The internal consistency and homogeneity of the ‘sleep habits questionnaire’ was assessed with the Cronbach’s alpha test. Results Overall, 401 students (mean age of 22.1 ± 4.9 years, 74.8 % females) from the Nursing Degree were included. The homogeneity of the ‘sleep habits questionnaire’ was appropriate (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.710). Nursing students were characterized by an evening chronotype (20.2 %) and a short sleep pattern. 30.4 % of the Nursing students had bad sleep habits. Regarding the academic performance, 47.9 % of the students showed a poor one. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, a short sleep pattern (adjusted OR = 1.53, 95 % CI 1.01–2.34), bad sleep habits (aOR = 1.76, 95 % CI 1.11–2.79), and age < 25 years (aOR = 2.27, 95 % CI 1.30–3.98) were independently associated with a higher probability of poor academic performance. Conclusions Almost 1/3 of the Nursing students were identified as having bad sleep habits, and these students were characterized by an evening chronotype and a short sleep pattern. A short sleep pattern, bad sleep habits, and age < 25 years, were independently associated with a higher risk of poor academic performance. This requires multifactorial approaches and the involvement of all the associated actors: teachers, academic institutions, health institutions, and the people in charge in university residences, among others

Elaboración de informes en formato de publicación científica

Memoria ID-0150. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2017-2018

A new tool to assess patients' comfort during hospitalization: The Hospital Discomfort Risk questionnaire

Aim We aimed to develop a tool for the assessment of the risk of patient discomfort in Spanish hospital wards. Background Several studies described tools to assess comfort but most are long and complex. Methods Cross-sectional study performed in three phases ((a) initial design; (b) refinement and psychometric testing; and (c) internal validation of the Hospital Discomfort Risk [HDR] questionnaire). Results A voluntary expert panel proposed the HDR questionnaire. Internal consistency and factorial analysis were investigated in 270 (53.7% men, mean age 57.33 +/- 18.7 years) inpatients. Based on the Cronbach's alpha, three items were removed to the final 8-item version of the questionnaire. The HDR questionnaire showed a good predictive ability for identifying the risk of discomfort (c-index: .897, 95% CI 0.854-0.930; p < .001). Conclusions The HDR questionnaire could be useful for identifying inpatients at risk of discomfort, but further prospective studies should externally validate these results. Implications in Nursing Management Nurses are the healthcare professionals with better access to patients and the first in identifying complications of hospitalization. Patients' discomfort could be routinely assessed during hospitalizations using the HDR questionnaire. Nurse managers should play an important role in this accomplishment, by promoting its use and knowledge among the nurse staff