Comunicación emergente, consumo y producción de contenidos: nuevas formas de sociabilidad en las instituciones policiales

Es común que, al hablar de redes sociales, realicemos una conexión casi inmediata con comunidades tan específicas como jóvenes en espacios predominantemente urbanos o ciudadanos de países altamente desarrollados. Estas preconcepciones de lo que significa el uso y consumo de contenidos generados en plataformas digitales dejan de lado temas como el uso que hacen de estas plataformas miembros de comunidades más diversas. Con el objetivo de contribuir a ampliar estos debates, en este trabajo exploramos el uso, consumo y producción de contenidos que hacen los miembros del cuerpo de policía de un municipio conurbado de la ciudad de México, como medio y estrategia para la solución de conflictos y el cumplimiento de sus funciones

Medición de la actividad óptica de la sacarosa para la construcción de un glucómetro

Se presenta un estudio de la actividad óptica de la sacarosa como fundamento para la construcción de un glucómetro óptico. Se dispone de un láser de diodo, cuya emisión en el infrarrojo atraviesa una muestra de solución de agua/azúcar a distintas concentraciones. En una representación elíptica, los resultados muestran que la birrefringencia circular favorece la polarización circular derecha en el azúcar. Se pretende en trabajos posteriores encontrar el comportamiento en muestras de sangre

Noncontact Optical Fiber Sensor for Measuring the Refractive Index of Liquids

A noncontact optical fiber sensor for measuring the refractive index of transparent liquids is proposed. It operates by calculating the path of a focused laser beam at 635 nm that travels across the boundaries of a liquid sample. The optical power Fresnel reflections are detected and, subsequently, the refractive index is determined as the ratio between the traveled beam paths when the liquid is deposited versus a reference without the liquid sample. Additionally, a mathematical analysis of the geometrical case is included. The theoretical data from our sensor are in good agreement with the experimental results. The resolution achieved by the sensor is better than 10−3 RIU

The Application of Contextualized Syntactic Snapshots to Reinforce Intensive Intermediate English II Students’ Grammar Competence for the Elaboration of Sentences in the Written Test at the Western Multidisciplinary Campus of the University of El Salvador, Semester I, 2020

The researchers carried out the investigation “The Application of Contextualized Syntactic Snapshots to Reinforce Intensive Intermediate English II Students’ Grammar Competence for the Elaboration of Sentences in the Written Test at the Western Multidisciplinary Campus of the University of El Salvador, Semester I, 2020.” to identify the strategies that will enhance the students’ grammar competence when creating sentences in the building up section

La modernización del campo y la globalización económica

El presente libro incluye las ponencias presentadas en el del XIV Seminario de Economía Agrícola del Tercer Mundo, en el cual participan distinguidos especialistas nacionales y extranjeros, atentos a la dinámica y a la problemática actual de la producción primaria y el desarrollo rural de México y el mundo. El interés se centró en la elaboración de análisis críticos y propositivos en torno a los cambios ocurridos durante los últimos años en el sector rural mexicano a la luz del proceso de modernización y globalización económica en que está inmerso nuestro país. Los trabajos presentados en el Seminario muestran un consenso básico en torno a la importancia estratégica del sector agropecuario y rural para la construcción de un proyecto de desarrollo nacional sostenido, equilibrado y democrático

Necesitamos una Ley de Aguas para garantizar el derecho humano en México

La presente obra integra la labor de numerosos investigadores de nuestra máxima casa de estudios reunidos de al menos cuatro Cuerpos Académicos, quienes realizan un diagnóstico, análisis y discusión de los problemas hídricos que aquejan a nuestro país en general y al Estado de México, en particular. Se presentan iniciativas para contar con una legislación de acceso al agua como un derecho humano. El libro está dividido en dos grandes partes: 1) “Enfoques normativos e integrales para la legislación”, y 2) “Estudios de caso”

Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study.

INTRODUCTION: There are few published empirical data on the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, and until now, there is no large international study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire gathered data from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ± 13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square tests, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses and Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested relations among variables. RESULTS: Probable depression was detected in 17.80% and distress in 16.71%. A significant percentage reported a deterioration in mental state, family dynamics and everyday lifestyle. Persons with a history of mental disorders had higher rates of current depression (31.82% vs. 13.07%). At least half of participants were accepting (at least to a moderate degree) a non-bizarre conspiracy. The highest Relative Risk (RR) to develop depression was associated with history of Bipolar disorder and self-harm/attempts (RR = 5.88). Suicidality was not increased in persons without a history of any mental disorder. Based on these results a model was developed. CONCLUSIONS: The final model revealed multiple vulnerabilities and an interplay leading from simple anxiety to probable depression and suicidality through distress. This could be of practical utility since many of these factors are modifiable. Future research and interventions should specifically focus on them

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Soledad, ansiedad, depresión y adopción del rol de cuidador de adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica durante la covid-19

17 páginasObjective: To determine the effect of loneliness, anxiety, and depression on adopting the role of caregiver of older adults with chronic condi-tions in a sample of Mexican caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and method: Predictive and correlational design. The study was conducted with 157 caregivers through the dyad characterization scale, the HADS scale, the UCLA scale, and the Caregiver role adoption scale. The analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Most participants were female, with a mean care time of seven months. Mostly, the caregivers have anxiety as a clinical problem (27 %), doubt-ful depression (14.9 %), profound loneliness (66.2 %), and satisfactory adoption of the role (71.2 %). We found that the more significant the role of adoption, the lower the anxiety, depression, and loneliness lev-els (p < .05). The psychosocial factors, the age of the person cared for, the age of the informal caregiver, and the care time explained 36 % of the variance in role adoption (F = 13.12; p < .01), with loneliness as a predictive variable. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has impact-ed the caregivers’ mental health and caused profound loneliness, the latter being a predictor for adopting the role.Objetivo: determinar el efecto de la soledad, la ansiedad y la depre-sión sobre la adopción del rol cuidador de adultos mayores con en-fermedad crónica en una muestra de cuidadores mexicanos durante la pandemia de la covid-19. Materiales y método: diseño correla-cional predictivo. Se realizó el estudio en 157 cuidadores mediante la encuesta de caracterización de la diada, escala HADS, escala UCLA y escala adopción del cuidador. El análisis fue con estadística des-criptiva e inferencial. Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes fueron mujeres, con un tiempo medio de cuidados de siete meses. Los cuidadores en su mayoría tienen ansiedad como problema clíni-co en un 27 %, depresión dudosa con un 14,9 %, soledad severa con un 66,2 % y adopción satisfactoria del rol en el 71,2 %. Se encontró que a mayor adopción del rol, menor ansiedad, depresión y soledad (p < 0,05). Los factores psicosociales, la edad de la persona recepto-ra de cuidado, la edad del cuidador informal y el tiempo de cuidado explicaron un 36 % de la varianza de la adopción del rol (F = 13,12; p < 0,01), siendo variable predictora la soledad. Conclusión: la pan-demia de la covid-19 ha ocasionado un impacto en la salud mental y la soledad severa de los cuidadores, siendo esta última un predictor de la adopción del cuidador

Solidão, ansiedade, depressão e adoção do papel de cuidador de idosos com doença crônica durante a COVID-19

Objective: To determine the effect of loneliness, anxiety, and depression on adopting the role of caregiver of older adults with chronic conditions in a sample of Mexican caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and method: Predictive and correlational design. The study was conducted with 157 caregivers through the dyad characterization scale, the HADS scale, the UCLA scale, and the Caregiver role adoption scale. The analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Most participants were female, with a mean care time of seven months. Mostly, the caregivers have anxiety as a clinical problem (27 %), doubtful depression (14.9 %), profound loneliness (66.2 %), and satisfactory adoption of the role (71.2 %). We found that the more significant the role of adoption, the lower the anxiety, depression, and loneliness levels (p &lt; .05). The psychosocial factors, the age of the person cared for, the age of the informal caregiver, and the care time explained 36 % of the variance in role adoption (F = 13.12; p &lt; .01), with loneliness as a predictive variable. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the caregivers’ mental health and caused profound loneliness, the latter being a predictor for adopting the role.Objetivo: determinar el efecto de la soledad, la ansiedad y la depresión sobre la adopción del rol cuidador de adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica en una muestra de cuidadores mexicanos durante la pandemia de la covid-19. Materiales y método: diseño correlacional predictivo. Se realizó el estudio en 157 cuidadores mediante la encuesta de caracterización de la diada, escala HADS, escala UCLA y escala adopción del cuidador. El análisis fue con estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes fueron mujeres, con un tiempo medio de cuidados de siete meses. Los cuidadores en su mayoría tienen ansiedad como problema clínico en un 27 %, depresión dudosa con un 14,9 %, soledad severa con un 66,2 % y adopción satisfactoria del rol en el 71,2 %. Se encontró que a mayor adopción del rol, menor ansiedad, depresión y soledad (p &lt; 0,05). Los factores psicosociales, la edad de la persona receptora de cuidado, la edad del cuidador informal y el tiempo de cuidado explicaron un 36 % de la varianza de la adopción del rol (F = 13,12; p &lt; 0,01), siendo variable predictora la soledad. Conclusión: la pandemia de la covid-19 ha ocasionado un impacto en la salud mental y la soledad severa de los cuidadores, siendo esta última un predictor de la adopción del cuidador.Objetivo: determinar o efeito da solidão, ansiedade e depressão na adoção do papel de cuidador de idosos com doença crônica em uma amostra de cuidadores mexicanos durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Material e método: desenho correlacional preditivo. O estudo foi realizado com 157 cuidadores utilizando a pesquisa de caracterização da díade, a escala HADS, a escala UCLA e a escala de Adoção do papel de cuidador. A análise realizou-se com estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino, sendo o tempo médio de atendimento de sete meses. A maioria dos cuidadores apresentou ansiedade como problema clínico (27 %), depressão duvidosa (14,9 %), solidão severa (66,2 %) e adoção satisfatória do papel (71,2 %). Constatou-se que quanto maior a adoção do papel, menor o índice de ansiedade, depressão e solidão (p &lt; 0,05). Os fatores psicossociais, a idade da pessoa que recebe os cuidados, a idade do cuidador informal e o tempo de cuidado explicaram 36 % da variância na adoção do papel (F = 13,12; p &lt; 0,01), sendo a solidão variável preditora. Conclusão: a pandemia da COVID-19 tem impactado a saúde mental e a solidão severa dos cuidadores, sendo esta última uma variável preditora da adoção do papel de cuidador