Registro y evolución de la memoria gráfica colectiva a través de piezas de comunicación

 Since its first manifestations of reasoning, the human being throughout history has been interested in recording something of his daily life, quite possibly as a confirmation of his semi-nomadic way of life or simply to capture his existence.Desde sus primeras manifestaciones de razonamiento, el ser humano a lo largo de la historia, se ha interesado en registrar algo de su cotidianidad, muy posiblemente como confirmación de su modo de vida seminómada o simplemente para plasmar su existencia. Desde suas primeiras manifestações de raciocínio, o ser humano ao longo da história se interessou em registrar algo de seu cotidiano, muito possivelmente como uma confirmação de seu modo de vida semi-nômade ou simplesmente para capturar sua existência.&nbsp

La metodología en el campo de la representación en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje del diseño

Departamento de Procesos y Técnicas de Realización, Área de investigación Nuevas Tecnologías.El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del diseño en general (y en el caso particular del taller de proyectos arquitectónicos) se muestra a partir de las distintas representaciones gráficas que generan los alumnos a través de sus dibujos (considerados por Javier Seguí como una impresión que se produce del recuerdo, donde el trazo es un gesto, un tanteo a la aproximación de la memoria) en distintos momentos de la concepción gráfica; también se evidencian los estados por los que el estudiante va definiendo su proyecto que inició con un pensamiento o una idea hasta llegar al momento de la materialización con herramientas digitales, dichos momentos o etapas de la transformación del dibujo son inherentes al proceso de aprendizaje del alumno, fortalecido con la imitación y análisis de ejemplos. En este trabajo se muestra la transformación y evolución de la percepción de una realidad intangible a través de los dibujos desarrollados por alumnos de la asignatura de Proyectos Arquitectónicos IV, en cada etapa de un proceso metodológico. Al mostrar la madurez y apropiación que los alumnos van adquiriendo a través de estos dibujos, se puede contribuir a la adecuación y mejoras en los procesos de solución de problemas en proyectos de diseño arquitectónicos, mostrando a través de ejemplos la materialización desde la representación gráfica de los resultados de cada etapa de una metodología sustentada en la teoría.In the teaching-learning process of design in general, (as in this particular case of the architectural projects workshop), it is shown from the different graphic representations that the students generate through their drawings (considered by Javier Seguí as an impression that is produced from memory, where the trace is a gesture, it is a tentative approach to the memory) at different moments of the graphic conception, the states by which the student defines his project that began with a thought or an idea until reaching the moment of materialization with digital tools, said moments or stages of the transformation of the drawing are also evidenced they are inherent to the student’s learning process, strengthened with imitation and analysis of examples. This work shows the transformation and evolution of the perception of an intangible reality through the drawings developed in each stage of a methodological process. By showing the maturity and appropriation that the student is acquiring through the different drawings that were made, it is possible to contribute to the adequacy and improvements in the problem-solving processes in architectural design projects, showing with examples the materialization from the graphic representation of the results of each stage of a methodology based on theory

La gráfica popular, un referente de la identidad del diseño gráfico mexicano

The popular graphic is a communicational phenomenon that is generated in urban environments and represents the graphic imagination of a society as well as the essence of its culture. The analysis and study of the plastic and aesthetic elements that are part of the popular Mexican graphic are fundamental to understand the identity of the graphic design of this country. This research documents and analyzes the main graphic references that make up the broad universe of urban popular graphics, its actors, its needs and the sometimes involuntary contribution to a unique and differential aesthetic as a piece of a culture that identifies and distinguishes itself for its colors and the drama in its images to the rest of the other countries. This research is carried out based on the historical - logical and analytical - synthetic methods. Its characteristics, peculiarities and direct and indirect effects are shown in Mexican graphic design. The results of this research can help to build a historical and referential framework of the fundamental traits that gave rise to the current graphic design, as well as help to understand the context and needs that originated it and on which a large part of its identity rests.La gráfica popular es un fenómeno comunicacional que se genera en los medios urbanos y representa el imaginario gráfico de una sociedad así como esencia de su cultura. El análisis y estudio de los elementos plásticos y estéticos que forman parte de la gráfica popular mexicana son fundamentales para entender la identidad del diseño gráfico de este país. En esta investigación se documentan y analizan los principales referentes gráficos que conforman el amplio universo de la gráfica popular urbana, sus actores, sus necesidades así como el aporte en ocasiones involuntario a una estética única y diferencial como pieza de una cultura que se identifica y distingue por sus colores y el dramatismo en sus imágenes al resto de los demás países. Esta investigación se lleva a cabo tomando como fundamento el método histórico, lógico y analítico/sintético. Se muestran sus características, peculiaridades y efectos directos e indirectos en el diseño gráfico mexicano. Los resultados de esta investigación pueden ayudar a construir un marco histórico y referencial de los rasgos fundamentales que dieron origen al diseño gráfico actual, así también ayudará a entender el contexto y las necesidades que lo originaron en las cuales descansa gran parte de su identidad.O grafismo popular é um fenômeno comunicacional que é gerado em ambientes urbanos e representa a imaginação gráfica de uma sociedade, bem como a essência de sua cultura. A análise e o estudo dos elementos plásticos e estéticos que fazem parte do popular gráfico mexicano são fundamentais para entender a identidade do design gráfico deste país. Esta pesquisa documenta e analisa as principais referências gráficas que compõem o amplo universo da gráfica popular urbana, seus atores, suas necessidades e a contribuição às vezes involuntária a uma estética única e diferencial como peça de uma cultura que se identifica e se distingue por suas cores e o drama em suas imagens para o resto dos outros países. Esta pesquisa é realizada com base nos métodos histórico - lógico e analítico - sintético. Suas características, peculiaridades e efeitos diretos e indiretos são mostrados no design gráfico mexicano. Os resultados desta pesquisa podem ajudar a construir um referencial histórico e referencial dos traços fundamentais que deram origem ao atual design gráfico, bem como ajudar a compreender o contexto e as necessidades que o originaram e sobre os quais repousa uma grande parte de sua identidade

Análisis comparativo de las funciones ejecutivas según el nivel de escolaridad en jóvenes adultos residentes en la ciudad de Medellín

Se realizó un estudio transversal comparativo ex post facto, con el objetivo de analizar la relación entre el nivel de escolaridad y las funciones ejecutivas en un grupo de adultos jóvenes de 25 a 30 años residentes en la ciudad de Medellín. Se aplicó la batería de Funciones Frontales y Ejecutivas (BANFE). Se realizó un análisis comparativo no paramétrico ANOVA para el análisis de los hallazgos. Los resultados evidencian que el total de todas las funciones evaluadas presentan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos evaluados. Se concluye que el nivel de escolaridad impacta en el desempeño de las funciones ejecutivas, tanto de las funciones más básicas como de las funciones ejecutivas más complejas o “cognitivas”. Los hallazgos del estudio tienen implicaciones teóricas y clínicas en el campo de la neuropsicología

Treatment of giant cell arteritis

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of vasculitis in adults. Cranial manifestations are typical clinical features of this vasculitis. Sometimes the presenting symptoms are nonspecific and, in some cases, large-vessel involvement may prevail. Polymyalgia rheumatica is a frequent manifestation that in some cases may be the presenting symptom of GCA. Visual complications, in particular the risk of blindness, constitute the most feared manifestations of GCA. Prompt recognition of this vasculitis is required to avoid irreversible complications. Prednisone/prednisolone at a dose of 40-60?mg/day is the cornerstone therapy in GCA. Glucocorticoids lead to rapid improvement of symptoms and may reduce the risk of irreversible visual loss. However, relapses are common when the prednisone dose is tapered. Therefore, additional therapies are required in relapsing GCA or when a rapid reduction of glucocorticoids is needed. The most widely used conventional immunosuppressive drug is methotrexate Adjunctive treatment with methotrexate may decrease the risk of relapses and reduce glucocorticoid exposure. However, comprehensive reviews indicate that the efficacy of methotrexate in GCA is modest. The experience with other conventional immunosuppressive drugs in GCA patients is scarce. In some cases, the new biologic agents are required. Among them, the most frequently used is the recombinant humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab. It improves clinical symptoms, reduce the cumulative prednisone dose and the frequency of relapses in GCA patients. However, anti-tumor necrosis factor-? therapy is not useful in GCA. Promising results on other biologic agents, such as abatacept, ustekinumab or anakinra, require further confirmatory studies

Evaluation of genetic damage induced by glyphosate isopropylamine salt using Tradescantia bioassays

Glyphosate is noted for being non-toxic in fishes, birds and mammals (including humans). Nevertheless, the degree of genotoxicity is seriously controversial. In this work, various concentrations of a glyphosate isopropylamine salt were tested using two methods of genotoxicity assaying, viz., the pink mutation assay with Tradescantia (4430) and the comet assay with nuclei from staminal cells of the same plant. Staminal nuclei were studied in two different forms, namely nuclei from exposed plants, and nuclei exposed directly. Using the pink mutation assay, isopropylamine induced a total or partial loss of color in staminal cells, a fundamental criterion utilized in this test. Consequently, its use is not recommended when studying genotoxicity with agents that produce pallid staminal cells. The comet assay system detected statistically significant (p < 0.01) genotoxic activity by isopropylamine, when compared to the negative control in both the nuclei of treated plants and directly treated nuclei, but only the treated nuclei showed a dose-dependent increase. Average migration in the nuclei of treated plants increased, when compared to that in treated nuclei. This was probably due, either to the permanence of isopropylamine in inflorescences, or to the presence of secondary metabolites. In conclusion, isopropylamine possesses strong genotoxic activity, but its detection can vary depending on the test systems used

The role of biologics in the treatment of giant cell arteritis

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Giant cell arteritis is a vasculitis of large and middle-sized arteries that affects individuals older than 50 years. Although glucocorticoids remain the mainstay in the treatment of this vasculitis, other drugs are often required to achieve clinical remission and allow glucocorticoid discontinuation. Areas covered: The review summarizes the main biologic therapies used for the managements of GCA. Expert commentary: Although several biologic agents have been used in patients with GCA, the only biologic agent currently approved for this purpose is the recombinant humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody: tocilizumab. It has demonstrated efficacy to improve clinical symptoms, decrease the cumulative prednisone dose and reduce the frequency of relapses in clinical trials and real-life studies on patients with GCA. A trial showed that abatacept may be useful to maintain remission in GCA patients. An openlabel study suggested that ustekinumab could be useful for the treatment of patients with refractory GCA. However, further studies are required to confirm if both abatacept and ustekinumab are useful as an adjunctive therapy to reduce relapses or as a glucocorticoid sparing agent in GCA. Anakinra has been successfully used in a few patients with refractory GCA. In contrast, anti-tumor necrosis factor- α therapy yielded disappointing results in GCA

Sepsis fungica neonatal a propósito de un caso

Neonatal fungal infections in intensive care units (NICU) have become a frequent problem. due to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, not to mention the survival of newborns. Objective: Identify fungal infections in neonates, establish a local surveillance, prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategy. A clinical case is presented, the literature is reviewed to be able to define the diagnosis of neonatal fungal infections. Our case is a neonate who enters referred as code red. He presents a clinical picture characterized by abdominal distention, vomiting, in addition to a radiographic image suggestive of congenital megacolon, for which he is evaluated by pediatric surgery for surgical resolution. Long-term hospital patient who, during his evolution, completes triple-scheme antibiotic treatment, during his stay he underwent 2 surgical procedures, the first an exploratory laparotomy, which confirmed the diagnosis of congenital megacolon, performed an ileostomy, and the second procedure, placement of a central line. Approximately 25 days after admission, he had fever peaks, presenting symptoms of SIRS (irritability dysthermia, marbled skin, clinical deterioration, with normal laboratory tests. Antibiotic treatment meropenem and amikacin, plus antifungal (fluconazole), was started. &nbsp;25 hours after sending cultures, yeasts were reported, so all devices were removed, positive confirmation for candida in blood, treatment with amphotericin B. Conclusions:The patient in our case presented a late-onset neonatal sepsis, with an important factor for sepsis, presence of central venous catheter, hyperalimentation, invasive procedures, mechanical ventilation, factors that our patient complies with, since he was operated on 3 occasions, had central route, parenteral feeding, in addition to mechanical ventilation at the beginning of admission and for the aforementioned surgical proceduresLas infecciones fúngicas neonatales en las unidades de cuidado intensivos (UCIN ), se han convertido en un problema frecuente, debido a los procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticas, sin mencionar a la supervivencia de los recién nacidos. Objetivo: Identificar las infecciones fúngicas en neonatos, establecer una estrategia local de vigilancia, prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Descripción del caso.&nbsp; Se presenta caso clínico, se revisa literatura para poder definir el diagnostico de infecciones fúngicas neonatales. Nuestro caso se trata de un neonato que ingresa referido como código rojo. Presenta cuadro clínico caracterizado por distensión abdominal, vómitos, además de una imagen radiográfica sugestiva de megacolon congénito, por lo que es valorado por cirugía pediátrica para resolución quirúrgica. Paciente de larga estancia hospitalaria que durante su evolución completa tratamiento antibiótico de triple esquema, durante su estancia se 2 procedimientos quirúrgicos, el primero una laparotomía exploratoria la cual confirmó diagnóstico de megacolon congénito, realizó una ileostomía, y el segundo procedimiento colocación de via central. A los 25 días aproximadamente de ingreso, realiza picos febriles, presentar clínica de SIRS (distermia irritabilidad, piel marmórea, deterioro clínico, con exámenes de laboratorio normales. Se inicia tratamiento antibiótico meropenem y amikacina, más antifúngico ( fluconazol). &nbsp; A las 25 horas de enviar cultivos reportan levaduras, por lo que se retiran todo dispositivo, confirmación positivo para cándida en sangre, se inicia tratamiento con anfotericina B. Conclusiones: El paciente de nuestro caso, presento una sepsis neonatal de inicio tardío, Con factor de importante para sepsis, presencia de catéter venoso central, hiperalimentación, procedimientos invasivos, ventilación mecánica, factores que nuestro paciente cumple, ya que fue intervenido por 3 ocasiones, tuvo via central, alimentación parenteral, además de ventilación mecánica al inicio de su ingreso y por los procedimientos quirúrgicos antes mencionados

Tu bienestar es prioridad para nuestra Cooperativa

En el presente proyecto se planteó la formulación de estrategias que permitan que el equipo que conforma el talento humano de la cooperativa COINPROGUA LTDA perciban el bienestar individual, laboral y social, en todos los involucrados de la empresa, el cual, logrando dicho objetivo se podría percibir una mejora en la productividad de la misma; para ello fue necesario el planteamiento de cuatro objetivos en el que se abarca de manera general, algunas medidas que se pueden tener en cuenta, en dicha organización, con el fin de mejorar y alcanzar un clima organizacional agradable, donde los empleados se sientan motivados con base a sus labores ejercidas, dentro y fuera de las instalaciones, logrando así, los objetivos empresariales propuestos.In this project, the formulation of strategies was proposed that allow the team that makes up the human talent of the COINPROGUA LTDA cooperative to perceive the individual, labor and social well-being, in all those involved in the company, which, achieving said objective, could perceive an improvement in its productivity; For this, it was necessary to propose four objectives in which some measures that can be taken into account, in said organization, are generally covered in order to improve and achieve a pleasant organizational climate, where employees feel motivated with based on their work carried out, inside and outside the facilities, thus achieving the proposed business objectives

Predictors of positive (18) F-FDG PET/CT-scan for large vessel vasculitis in patients with persistent polymyalgia rheumatica

Objective: Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is often the presenting manifestation of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan often discloses the presence of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) in PMR patients. We aimed to identify predictive factors of a positive PET/CT scan for LVV in patients classified as having isolated PMR according to well-established criteria. Methods: A set of consecutive patients with PMR from a single hospital were assessed. All of them underwent PET/CT scan between January 2010 and February 2018 based on clinical considerations. Patients with PMR associated to other diseases, including those with cranial features of GCA, were excluded. The remaining patients were categorized in classic PMR (if fulfilled the 2012 EULAR/ACR classification criteria at disease diagnosis; n=84) or atypical PMR (who did not fulfill these criteria; n=16). Only information on patients with classic PMR was assessed. Results: The mean age of the 84 patients (51 women) with classic PMR was 71.4±9.2 years. A PET/CT scan was positive in 51(60.7%). Persistence of classic PMR symptoms was the most common reason to perform a PET/CT scan. Nevertheless, patients with positive PET/CT scan often had unusual symptoms. The best set of predictors of a positive PET/CT scan were bilateral diffuse lower limb pain (OR=8.8, 95% CI 1.7-46.3; p=0.01), pelvic girdle pain (OR=4.9, 95% CI 1.50-16.53; p=0.01) and inflammatory low back pain (OR=4.7, 95% CI 1.03-21.5; p=0.04). Conclusion: Inflammatory low back pain, pelvic girdle and diffuse lower limb pain are predictors of positive PET/CT scan for LVV in PMR