97 research outputs found
Characteristics of young offenders depending on the type of crime
AbstractThe aim of this study is to define a profile of juvenile offenders depending on the type of crime (against property or against persons), according to several socio-demographic variables, and a number of indicators of juvenile risk. Participants were 395 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 with a criminal record in the juvenile court over a two-year follow-up period. Results showed that in property-related offences the offender is more likely to be male, from an Eastern European country, and with inconsistent parenting. On the other hand, crimes against persons would be committed mostly by girls, Latin American or African juveniles, and with individual factors such as aggressive behaviour, outbursts of anger, poor frustration tolerance, or little concern for others. These results may be useful in designing crime prevention and offender intervention programmes
Evaluation of good practices about breastfeeding in a mother and child hospital
Fundamentos: La protección, promoción y
apoyo a la lactancia materna (LM) está considerada como un área de atención prioritaria de salud
pública, así como un factor determinante de la salud infantil y materna. La utilización de guías de
buenas prácticas mejora los resultados de salud y
la seguridad de los pacientes. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto en la lactancia materna
tras la implantación de la Guía de Buenas Prácticas
Clínicas “Lactancia Materna” en el centro Materno
Infantil del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las
Nieves de Granada.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se estudiaron madres y recién nacidos atendidos desde 2015 a 2018. Se examinaron variables de
proceso y de resultados, realizando análisis descriptivo y bivariante para la comparativa entre años.
Resultados: La tasa de LM exclusiva al alta pasó
del 58,3 % al 72,2 %. Se encontraron diferencias significativas para la primera toma de LM exclusiva en
los partos eutócicos (del 90,8% al 93,2%) y en las cesáreas (del 21,7% al 60%). Se obtuvieron mejoras en
la valoración de la toma, la educación postnatal y el
inicio y duración del contacto piel con piel.
Conclusiones: Las acciones protocolizadas
posnatales que realizan los profesionales de la salud, como la valoración de la toma de LM y la educación postnatal, resultan eficaces para instaurar la
lactancia. El momento de inicio del contacto piel
con piel y su duración son aspectos que deben ser
reforzados para un apoyo efectivo.Background: Protection, promotion and support to the breastfeeding is considered as an area
of priority in public health care and as a determining factor of child and maternal health. The use of
good practice guides improves health outcomes and
patients safety. The aim of study was to assess the
impact on breastfeeding of a Guide of Good Clinic
Practices about breastfeeding in the Mother and
Child Center of the Virgen de las Nieves University
Hospital in Granada.
Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Mothers and newborns attended from 2015 to 2018
were studied. Process and outcome variables were
considered to perform a descriptive and bivariate
analysis for the comparison between years.
Results: The rate of exclusive breastfeeding at
discharge went from 58.3% to 72.2%. Significant differences were found for the first intake of exclusive breastfeeding in eutocic births and in C-sections,
from 90.8% to 93.2% in the first and from 21.7% to
60% in the second. Improvements were detected in
the assessment of intake, postnatal education and onset and duration of skin-to-skin contact.
Conclusions: Postnatal protocolized actions
carried out by health professionals, such as the assessment of the intake of breastfeeding and postnatal education, were effective for the establishment
of breastfeeding. The first moment of skin-to-skin
contact and its duration are aspects to be reinforced
for effective support
Marginal changes at bone-level implants supporting fixed screw-retained partial implant prostheses with or without intermediate standardised abutments: 1-year results of a randomised controlled clinical trial
Objective: To compare marginal changes at bone- level implants restored with screw- retained implant prosthesis with or without intermediate standardised abutments, after 1 year of follow-up.Materials and Methods: Thirty- six partially edentulous patients received 72 implants. Each patient received 2 implants and a 2- to 4- unit screw- retained implant- prosthesis. The test group received implants consisting of a screw- retained prosthesis connected directly to the implant shoulder, while the prostheses in the control group were con-nected through a 3- mm standardised intermediate abutment. Clinical and radiological data were recorded at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months in follow-up visits.Results: At 12 months, the marginal bone loss was 0.17 ± 0.24 mm for the test group (19 patients) and 0.09 ± 0.15 mm for the control group (17 patients), with no statistically significant differences (p> .05). The mean probing pocket depth was 2.96 mm ± 0.46 for the test group and 2.86 ± 0.62 mm for the control group. The test and control groups showed bleeding on probing levels of 18.86 ± 14.12% and 13.73 ± 17.66%, re-spectively. All patients scored below 25% on the plaque index levels.Conclusions: Restoration of bone- level implants with fixed screw- retained partial prostheses with or without intermediate abutments presented similar radiographic and clinical outcomes after 1 yearS
Visual system and motor development in children: a systematic review
Purpose
The aim of this study was to review the available scientific literature on the possible relationship between the visual system and motor development in children.MethodsThis study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement recommendations. The review protocol is available in PROSPERO (CRD42021245341). Four different databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science, were assessed from April 2005 to February 2021. To determine the quality of the articles, we used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Quality Appraisal Scale, and a protocol was followed to define the levels of evidence on the basis of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence. The search strategy included terms describing motor development in children and adolescents with visual disorders.Results Among the identified studies, 23 were included in the study. All selected articles examined the relationship between the visual system and development in children. The quality of most of the studies was moderate–high, and they were between evidence levels 2 and 4.ConclusionsOur systematic review revealed that all included studies established a relationship between the visual system and development in children. However, the methods for measuring the visual system and motor skills lacked uniformity
Counselling toward reducing alcohol use, knowledge about its morbidity and personal consumption among students of medical and dental courses in north-western Spain
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is directly linked to high-risk consumption. Healthcare students have a crucial role to play in its prevention and management. The aim of this study is to analyse alcohol consumption, as well as to consider the knowledge and attitudes regarding morbidity, and the stage of change when providing assistance to quit AUD. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Dentistry and Medical students using specific and validated questionnaires in an anonymous and voluntary way. Initially, 925 students were invited to participate, of them 500 were reached. Among them 85.9% suffered from AUD of whom 75% were women (p<0.001), and it was considered that the female gender constituted an independent risk factor (OR=2.63, CI 95% 1.55-4.45, p<0.001). The majority of the participants did not achieve the pass mark, nonetheless, the results showed improved levels of knowledge among participants in the latter years of their studies (p<0.001). Dental students demonstrated greater shortcomings in terms of their knowledge of general pathology, whereas the medical students? knowledge of oral pathologies proved worse (p<0.001). Most of students believed that identifying cases of AUD-affected patients falls within their competence, nonetheless, they believed that they do not have the necessary competencies. Among participants 58.2% were in a stage of change regarding AUD attitudes. The majority of respondents presented AUD. In general, the participants? knowledge about alcohol was low. Reviewing the syllabuses and evaluating the implementation of gender-differentiated training programmes in both degrees would be considered necessary
Association between xerostomia, oral and general health, and obesity in adults. A cross-sectional pilot study
The objective of this study was to analyse the association between oral and general health variables and obesity indicators with the sensation of dry mouth or xerostomia as evaluated on the Xerostomia Inventory (XI). A total of 354 randomly selected subjects participated in this cross-sectional pilot study and completed an anonymous questionnaire. Anthropometric, clinical, and xerostomic variables were evaluated. Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and Bonferroni test were used for multiple comparisons. ROC curves and multinomial logistic regression were used to determine the (OR) risk of xerostomia. A total of 30.7 % of respondents reported xerostomia based on XI. The dry mouth question, the XI taken as a ?gold standard?, showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 70.37 %, and a specificity of 83.27 % (AUC=0.768, p<0.001). Logistical regression showed the highest xerostomia OR was associated to patients with bad self-perceived health, 6.31 (CI 95% 2.89-13.80, p<0.001). In the model adjusted for tooth mobility, bone or respiratory diseases, and the consumption of anxiolytics and antidepressants, the OR was 3.46 (CI 95% 1.47-8.18, p=0.005). a high prevalence of xerostomia was found in this cross-sectional pilot study, which was significantly more frequent in women, and increased with age. Xerostomia was associated to several systemic diseases, psychological conditions, and oral functional disorders such as tooth mobility. These preliminary results can serve as the basis for developing guidelines for the application of innovative measures designed to improve the quality of life of individuals with xerostomia
Efectos de un programa de alta precoz sobre las preocupaciones de los padres de niños prematuros
The birth of a premature infant has a striking emotional impact on the parents, especially when the hospitalization period is long. Early discharge programs are an effective tool to facilitate the transition to home and have beneficial effects. However, few studies have investigated the effects of these programs on parents during the post-discharge period and how are they related to changes in family dynamics. This article explored the experiences and obstacles faced by parents of preterm infants after discharge. The study followed a qualitative design using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was used and a total of 23 parents participated. Data collection ended when theoretical saturation was reached. The parents were assessed using semistructured interviews. A thematic analysis was conducted, which identified three central themes: concerns of the parents, emotions after discharge, and changes in life. The results indicate the importance of the early discharge program, which is associated with many positive emotions in parents. Participation in the early discharge program was associated with increased confidence regarding caring and improved skills related to managing some of the complex emotions associated with discharge.El nacimiento de un niño prematuro supone un gran impacto emocional en los padres, especialmente cuando la hospitalización se prolonga por mucho tiempo. Los programas de alta precoz son una herramienta eficaz para facilitar la transición al domicilio, mostrando resultados beneficiosos. Sin embargo, pocos estudios se han centrado en conocer cuáles son los efectos de éstos en los momentos posteriores al alta hospitalaria, así como los cambios en la dinámica familiar asociados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer y explorar las experiencias y los obstáculos que encuentran padres y madres de niños nacidos pretérmino cuando reciben el alta hospitalaria. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de carácter fenomenológico con perspectiva descriptiva. La muestra se obtuvo de manera intencional y estuvo conformada por 23 padres y madres, que fueron evaluados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. La recogida de datos finalizó cuando se alcanzó la saturación teórica en los diferentes temas. Se realizó un análisis temático que identificó tres temas centrales: preocupaciones al alta, emociones tras el alta y cambios en la vida. Los resultados señalan la importancia de un alta precoz, asociada a un gran número de emociones positivas en los padres. Participar en el programa de alta precoz se asoció con una mayor confianza con respecto a los cuidados así como con la posibilidad de regular algunas de las emociones complejas asociadas al alta
Revealing the last 13,500 years of environmental history from the multiproxy record of a mountain lake (Lago Enol, northern Iberian Peninsula)
This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9387-7.We present the Holocene sequence from Lago Enol (43°16′N, 4°59′W, 1,070 m a.s.l.), Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. A multiproxy analysis provided comprehensive information about regional humidity and temperature changes. The analysis included sedimentological descriptions, physical properties, organic carbon and carbonate content, mineralogy and geochemical composition together with biological proxies including diatom and ostracod assemblages. A detailed pollen study enabled reconstruction of variations in vegetation cover, which were interpreted in the context of climate changes and human impact. Four distinct stages were recognized for the last 13,500 years: (1) a cold and dry episode that includes the Younger Dryas event (13,500–11,600 cal. year BP); (2) a humid and warmer period characterizing the onset of the Holocene (11,600–8,700 cal. year BP); (3) a tendency toward a drier climate during the middle Holocene (8,700–4,650 cal. year BP); and (4) a return to humid conditions following landscape modification by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) in the late Holocene (4,650–2,200 cal. year BP). Superimposed on relatively stable landscape conditions (e.g. maintenance of well established forests), the typical environmental variability of the southern European region is observed at this site.The Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and
Technology (CICYT), the
Spanish National Parks agency, the European Commission, the
Spanish Ministry of Science, and the European
Social Fund
Revealing the last 13,500 years of environmental history from the multiproxy record of a mountain lake (Lago Enol, northern Iberian Peninsula)
This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9387-7.We present the Holocene sequence from Lago Enol (43°16′N, 4°59′W, 1,070 m a.s.l.), Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. A multiproxy analysis provided comprehensive information about regional humidity and temperature changes. The analysis included sedimentological descriptions, physical properties, organic carbon and carbonate content, mineralogy and geochemical composition together with biological proxies including diatom and ostracod assemblages. A detailed pollen study enabled reconstruction of variations in vegetation cover, which were interpreted in the context of climate changes and human impact. Four distinct stages were recognized for the last 13,500 years: (1) a cold and dry episode that includes the Younger Dryas event (13,500–11,600 cal. year BP); (2) a humid and warmer period characterizing the onset of the Holocene (11,600–8,700 cal. year BP); (3) a tendency toward a drier climate during the middle Holocene (8,700–4,650 cal. year BP); and (4) a return to humid conditions following landscape modification by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) in the late Holocene (4,650–2,200 cal. year BP). Superimposed on relatively stable landscape conditions (e.g. maintenance of well established forests), the typical environmental variability of the southern European region is observed at this site.The Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and
Technology (CICYT), the
Spanish National Parks agency, the European Commission, the
Spanish Ministry of Science, and the European
Social Fund
Dietary diversity and nutritional adequacy among an older Spanish population with metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus study: a cross-sectional analysis
Dietary guidelines emphasize the importance of a varied diet to provide an adequate nutrient intake. However, an older age is often associated with consumption of monotonous diets that can be nutritionally inadequate, increasing the risk for the development or progression of diet-related chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). To assess the association between dietary diversity (DD) and nutrient intake adequacy and to identify demographic variables associated with DD, we cross-sectionally analyzed baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus trial: 6587 Spanish adults aged 55-75 years, with overweight/obesity who also had MetS. An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated using a 143-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient inadequacy was defined as an intake below 2/3 of the dietary reference intake (DRI) forat least four of 17 nutrients proposed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between DDS and the risk of nutritionally inadequate intakes. In the higher DDS quartile there were more women and less current smokers. Compared with subjects in the highest DDS quartile, those in the lowest DDS quartile had a higher risk of inadequate nutrient intake: odds ratio (OR) = 28.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 20.80-39.21). When we estimated food varietyfor each of the food groups, participants in the lowest quartile had a higher risk of inadequate nutrient intake for the groups of vegetables, OR = 14.03 (95% CI 10.55-18.65), fruits OR = 11.62 (95% CI 6.81-19.81), dairy products OR = 6.54 (95% CI 4.64-9.22) and protein foods OR = 6.60 (95% CI 1.96-22.24). As DDS decreased, the risk of inadequate nutrients intake rose. Given the impact of nutrient intake adequacy on the prevention of non-communicable diseases, health policies should focus on the promotion of a healthy varied diet, specifically promoting the intake of vegetables and fruit among population groups with lower DDS such as men, smokers or widow(er)s
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