La posición internacional de la nueva España democrática

Resumen: Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo fue uno de los protagonistas del proceso de Transición a la democracia en España. Co-organizador del partido centrista UCD, ministro en varias ocasiones, vicepresidente y, finalmente, presidente del Gobierno. Desde muy joven se definió, además, por su acentuado europeísmo, que mantuvo de forma constante a lo largo de su vida. Una vez retirado de las obligaciones públicas, reflexionó profunda y ampliamente sobre la que se ha venido llamando la “Transición exterior”: el retorno de España a los organismos internacionales a los que debía pertenecer, pero que habían estado vetado en tiempos de la dictadura. En esta comunicación, analizaremos su punto de vista sobre el nuevo papel internacional que, a su juicio, debía tener la España democrática, con la Unión Europea, Iberoamérica y el Mediterráneo como elementos vertebradores. La fuente principal que usaremos es la documentación del archivo personal del ex Presidente. Palabras clave: Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, Transición española, europeísmo, transición exterior, relaciones internacionales Abstract: Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo played an important role in the Spanish Transition to democracy. Co-founder of the centrist party UCD, minister, vice president and president of the Government. His figure and political career was closely united with Europe and the Europeanism. Once retired from public life wrote a great length on the “External Transition” as he liked call it: the return of Spain to the international institutions according with his new democratic system. In this paper, we analyze his view on the new international role of Spain, with the European Union, the NATO, Latin America and the Mediterranean as key elements. This paper has the basis on his personal Archive documentation

La "embajada" de Antonio Fontán ante el International Press Institute (IPI)

Resumen: Antonio Fontán Pérez (1923-2010) fue uno de los políticos más destacados de la transición española a la democracia. Presidente del Senado constituyente, ocupó la cartera de Administración Territorial entre 1979 y 1980. Aparte de estos cargos, Fontán intervino en las actividades desarrolladas por el International Press Institute (IPI), organismo dedicado a la defensa y promoción de la libertad de prensa en todo el mundo. Como representante español en el mismo, Fontán dio cuenta de las transformaciones sociales, políticas y periodísticas que se fueron produciendo en nuestro país durante este período. Su participación en el IPI constituye, pues, un buen reflejo de la repercusión exterior que tuvo la transición española. Esta comunicación pretende analizarla a través de lo que hemos dado en llamar su “embajada”. Palabras clave: Antonio Fontán, Instituto Internacional de Prensa, prensa, transición, democracia Abstract: Antonio Fontán Perez (1923-2010) was one of the most prominent politicians of the Spanish transition to democracy. Former President of the Senate, he was appointed as Minister of Territorial Administration in 1979. Apart from these charges, Fontán was actively involved in the activities of the International Press Institute (IPI), an organization dedicated to defend and promote the press freedom all over the world. As a Spanish representative inside IPI, Fontán explained to his workmates all the social and political changes, and the journalistic ones, that were taking place in our country at that time. His cooperation with the IPI, from this point of view, is a good reflection abroad of the Spanish transition. This communication aims to analyze it through what we have called his “embassy”

Mercado laboral y cambio de modelo económico : la breve ejecutoria de Sánchez-Terán en el Ministerio de Trabajo (Mayo-Septiembre de 1980)

La muerte de Franco abrió un proceso de cambio que devolvió la soberanía y libertad al pueblo español. El final de la dictadura hizo posible la legalización de los partidos, la celebración de elecciones, la aprobación de una Constitución y la descentralización del poder. Ahora bien, comprobamos que, tras cuatro décadas, la Transición ha quedado circunscrita casi exclusivamente a aspectos de política interior. Analizaremos la ejecutoria de Sánchez-Terán al frente del Ministerio de Trabajo con el fin de mostrar que los gobiernos centristas, además de llevar a cabo el tránsito a la democracia, pusieron en marcha medidas encaminadas a cambiar el modelo económico y laboral del país. Todo ello en un contexto de crisis y con la vista puesta la incorporación a la CEE.The death of Franco opened in Spain a process of change and freedom to the spaniards. The end of his regime wrought a decisive changes: the legalization of political parties, the democratic elections, the adoption of a Constitution and the decentralization of power. However, four decades later, the Spanish Transition has been estudied exclusively to some issues related to the domestic politics. We analyze the years of former politician Sánchez-Teran as Work Minister in order to show that the UCD Party that carry out the peaceful transition from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one and implemented also some programmes to change the economic model of the country. Above all firstly, considering a background context on a economic crisis, and secondly, with the beginning of the negotiations for the join of Spain to the so called then Common Market

Increased 1-year mortality in haemodialysis patients with COVID-19: A prospective, observational study

Background: Dialysis confers the highest risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) death among comorbidities predisposing to severe COVID-19. However, reports of COVID-19-associated mortality frequently refer to mortality during the initial hospitalization or first month after diagnosis. Methods: In a prospective, observational study, we analysed the long-term (1-year follow-up) serological and clinical outcomes of 56 haemodialysis (HD) patients who were infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the first pandemic wave. COVID-19 was diagnosed by a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (n = 37) or by the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (n = 19). Results: After >1 year of follow-up, 35.7% of HD patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the first pandemic wave had died, 6 (11%) during the initial admission and 14 (25%) in the following months, mainly within the first 3 months after diagnosis. Overall, 30% of patients died from vascular causes and 40% from respiratory causes. In adjusted analysis, a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test for diagnosis {hazard ratio [HR] 5.18 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.30-20.65], P = 0.020}, higher baseline C-reactive protein levels [HR 1.10 (IQR 1.03-1.16), P = 0.002] and lower haemoglobin levels [HR 0.62 (IQR 0.45-0.86), P = 0.005] were associated with higher 1-year mortality. Mortality in the 144 patients who did not have COVID-19 was 21 (14.6%) over 12 months [HR of death for COVID-19 patients 3.00 (IQR 1.62-5.53), log-rank P = 0.00023]. Over the first year, the percentage of patients having anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) decreased from 36/49 (73.4%) initially to 27/44 (61.3%) at 6 months and 14/36 (38.8%) at 12 months. Conclusions: The high mortality of HD patients with COVID-19 is not limited to the initial hospitalization. Defining COVID-19 deaths as those occurring within 3 months of a COVID-19 diagnosis may better represent the burden of COVID-19. In HD patients, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG response was suboptimal and short-livedThis research received no external funding. The research groups of E.G.-P., S.M. and A.O. are funded by the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y competitividad: FIS/Fondos FEDER (PI16/01298, PI17/00257, PI18/01386, PI19/00588, PI19/00815, PI20/00487, PI21/01430), ERA-PerMed-JTC2018 (KIDNEY ATTACK AC18/00064 and PERSTIGAN AC18/00071, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/-0009) and Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Comunidad de Madrid en Biomedicina (B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM

An Unprecedented Aggregation of Whale Sharks, Rhincodon typus, in Mexican Coastal Waters of the Caribbean Sea

Whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, are often perceived as solitary behemoths that live and feed in the open ocean. To the contrary, evidence is accumulating that they are gregarious and form seasonal aggregations in some coastal waters. One such aggregation occurs annually north of Cabo Catoche, off Isla Holbox on the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico. Here we report a second, much denser aggregation of whale sharks (dubbed “the Afuera”) that occurs east of the tip of the Yucatán Peninsula in the Caribbean Sea. The 2009 Afuera event comprised the largest aggregation of whale sharks ever reported, with up to 420 whale sharks observed in a single aerial survey, all gathered in an elliptical patch of ocean approximately 18 km2. Plankton studies indicated that the sharks were feeding on dense homogenous patches of fish eggs, which DNA barcoding analysis identified as belonging to little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus. This contrasts with the annual Cabo Catoche aggregation nearby, where prey consists mostly of copepods and sergestid shrimp. Increased sightings at the Afuera coincide with decreased sightings at Cabo Catoche, and both groups have the same sex ratio, implying that the same animals are likely involved in both aggregations; tagging data support this idea. With two whale shark aggregation areas, high coastal productivity and a previously-unknown scombrid spawning ground, the northeastern Yucatán marine region is a critical habitat that deserves more concerted conservation efforts

Cultura y región

Este libro recopila las ponencias más representativas acerca de cultura y región presentadas en el cuarto coloquio del Programa Internacional Interdisciplinario de Estudios Culturales sobre América Latina. El coloquio, realizado los días 11 y 13 de octubre. / Contenido. Preliminares; Capítulo 1 - Cultura, territorio y globalización; Capítulo 2 - Universidades y estudios culturales; Capítulo 3 - Las regiones; capítulo 4 - Lo urbano; Anexo

Evidence on port-locking with heparin versus saline in patients with cancer not receiving chemotherapy: A randomized clinical trial

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of port-locking with heparin every 2 months vs. every 4 months and vs. saline solution every 2 months in patients with cancer not receiving active chemotherapy. The hypothesis stated that locking with heparin at four-month intervals and saline at two-month intervals would not increment > 10% of port obstructions. Methods: Multicentre, phase IV parallel, post-test control group study took place at the two chemotherapy units of oncology hospitals. Included patients with cancer with ports that completed the chemotherapy treatment but still having port maintenance care or blood samples taken up to four months. A sample of 126 patients with cancer in three arms was needed to detect a maximum difference of 10% for bioequivalence on the locking methods. Consecutive cases non-probabilistic sampling and randomized to one of the three groups; group A: received heparin 60 IU/mL every two months (control) vs. group B heparin every four months and vs. saline every two months in group C. Primary variables were the type of locking regimen, port obstruction, and absence of blood return, port-related infection, or venous thrombosis during the study period. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were also collected. Results: A total of 143 patients were randomly assigned; group A, 47 patients with heparin every 2 months, group B, 51 patients with heparin 4 months, and group C, 45 patients with saline every 2 months. All participants presented an adequate blood return and no obstructions, until the month of the 10th, when one participant in the group A receiving was withdrawn due to an absence of blood flow ( P 1/4 0.587). Conclusions: Port locks with heparin every 4 months or saline every 2 months did not show differences in safety maintenance, infection, or thrombosis compared to heparin every 2 months

Perception of students at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid of teaching quality in the pandemic: Evaluation through Docentia-UCM

[EN] The evaluation of the impact of the pandemic on the quality of teaching has been carried out using a statistical study of the variability of the students responses to some of the questions used in the online questionnaire used by students in the evaluation of teachers in the Docentia-UCM Program, which allows thousands of responses to be obtained in a little time and which can be stored and used in multiple formats. The questionnaire has been developed for students to evaluate the dimensions of the model related to Planning, Development and Results. Since the survey is sent by email to all students, we cannot consider a probability sample and would have a non-probability sampling frame with a convenience sample in which respondents are self-selected. The distortion of the sample due to self-selection means that the results are limited to the specific framework in which Docentia-UCM is developed, so they cannot be generalized outside the context evaluated. The comparison of means between the two quarters of the 2019-2020 academic year was carried out using ANOVA. The study shows that there are statistically significant differences between the two four-month periods, as well as the indicators that have changed the most since the start of the pandemic. In these indicators, a polarization of the answers has been observed and an evolution of the same to more positive values, highlighting the indicators of accessibility of teachers and the promotion of interest in the subject.[ES] La evaluación del impacto de la pandemia sobre la calidad de la docencia se ha llevado a cabo utilizando un estudio estadístico de la variabilidad de las respuestas del estudiantado a algunas de las cuestiones utilizadas en el cuestionario online que utilizan los estudiantes en la valoración del profesorado en el Programa Docentia-UCM, que permite obtener miles de respuestas en poco tiempo y que pueden almacenarse y utilizarse en múltiples formatos. El cuestionario ha sido desarrollado para que los estudiantes evalúen las dimensiones del modelo relacionadas con Planificación, Desarrollo y Resultados. Dado que la encuesta se envía por correo electrónico a todos los estudiantes, no podemos considerar una muestra probabilística y tendríamos un marco muestral no probabilístico con una muestra de conveniencia en la que los respondientes son autoseleccionados. La distorsión de la muestra por la autoselección hace que los resultados se limiten al marco específico en el que se desarrolla Docentia-UCM, por lo que no son generalizables fuera del contexto evaluado. La comparación de medias entre los dos cuatrimestres del curso 2019-2020 se llevó a cabo mediante ANOVA. El estudio muestra que hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos cuatrimestres, así como los indicadores que más han cambiado tras el inicio de la pandemia. En dichos indicadores se ha observado una polarización de las respuestas y una evolución de las mismas a valores más positivos, destacando los indicadores de accesibilidad de los docentes y el fomento del interés por la asignatura.Segovia Guisado, JM.; Cano Maganto, A.; Uriol Pulido, J.; De León González, ME.; Martín López, S.; Egea Mota, MDM.; Carabantes Alarcón, D.... (2023). Percepción de los estudiantes de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid de la calidad docente en la pandemia: Evaluación a través de Docentia-UCM. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria. 21(2):101-116. https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2023.1962210111621

Obesity attenuates the effect of sleep apnea on active TGF-ss 1 levels and tumor aggressiveness in patients with melanoma

Active transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine partially regulated by hypoxia and obesity, has been related with poor prognosis in several tumors. We determine whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases serum levels of active TGF-β1 in patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM), assess their relationship with melanoma aggressiveness and analyze the factors related to TGF-β1 levels in obese and non-obese OSA patients. In a multicenter observational study, 290 patients with CM were underwent sleep studies. TGF-β1 was increased in moderate-severe OSA patients vs. non-OSA or mild OSA patients with CM. In OSA patients, TGF-β1 levels correlated with mitotic index, Breslow index and melanoma growth rate, and were increased in presence of ulceration or higher Clark levels. In CM patients, OSA was associated with higher TGF-β1 levels and greater melanoma aggressiveness only in non-obese subjects. An in vitro model showed that IH-induced increases of TGF-β1 expression in melanoma cells is attenuated in the presence of high leptin levels. In conclusion, TGF-β1 levels are associated with melanoma aggressiveness in CM patients and increased in moderate-severe OSA. Moreover, in non-obese patients with OSA, TGF-β1 levels correlate with OSA severity and leptin levels, whereas only associate with leptin levels in obese OSA patients

Factores de riesgo para trastornos de la alimentación en los alumnos de la Universidad de Manizales

ResumenObjetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de los factores de riesgo para trastornos de la alimentación en estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales. Materiales y métodos: De 3,610 estudiantes regulares de la Universidad  de Manizales se tomó una muestra de 165 estudiantes, quienes respondieron un cuestionario integrado compuesto por variables demográficas, las escalas de Zung para ansiedad o depresión,el Eating Disorderrs Inventory (EDI2) y el Apgar familiar; además se tomaron las medidas de peso, talla, índice de masa corporal y pliegue en el antebrazo. Resultado: Un12.7% de la población presentó factor de riesgo positivo para trastornos de la conducta alimentaría, 17.3% de la población femenina y el 3.8% de la población masculina; las personas con mayor factor de riesgo fueron las mujeres en la facultad de Comunicación Social y Periodismo (24.1%). Se determinó una  relación significativa entre la variable impulso por la delgadez con la ansiedad o depresión. El mayor índice de masa corporal y de porcentaje de grasa está asociado con un aumentoen la variable impulso por la delgadez. Conclusiones:Se encontraron factores de riesgo asociados con trastornos de la alimentación. La frecuencia del factor de riesgo según EDI2 en este estudio fue más baja que la encontrada en estudios realizados en Medellín y Bogotá.[Cano AA, Castaño JJ, Corredor DA, García AM, González M, Lloreda OL, et al. Factores de riesgo para trastornos de la alimentación en los alumnos de la Universidad de Manizales. MedUNAB 2007; 10:187-194].Palabras claves: Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, factores de riesgo; Anorexia nerviosa, Bulimia