Gender-Based Analysis of the Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers in Spain

Purpose: This study aims to analyze from a gender perspective the psychological distress experienced by the medical workforce during the peak of the pandemic in Spain. Methods: This is a single-center, observational analytic study. The study population comprised all associated health workers of the Cruces University Hospital, invited by email to participate in the survey. It consisted of a form covering demographic data, the general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), and the perceived stress scale (PSS-14). We used multivariant regression analysis to check the effect of gender on the scores. We used gender analysis in both design and interpretation of data following SAGER guidelines. Results: Females made 74.6% of our sample, but their proportion was higher in lower-paid positions such as nursery (89.9%) than in higher-paid ones. The percentage of women categorized as cases with the GHQ-28 was 78.4%, a proportion significantly higher than in the male population (61.3%, p < 0.001). The multivariant regression analysis showed that being women, working as orderly hospital porters, and having a past psychiatric history were risk factors for higher scores in both the GHQ-28 and PSS-14. Conclusion: Women and those with lower-paid positions were at risk of higher psychological distress and worse quality of life within the medical workforce during the first wave of the pandemic. Gender analysis must be incorporated to analyze this fact better

Nivel de satisfacción de las clases online por parte de los estudiantes de Educación Física de Chile en tiempos de pandemia.

Introduction: In Chile the first case of COVID-19 was diagnosed on March 3, 2020 and on the eighteenth of the same month the president decreed state of catastrophe, so that classes at school and university level went from the presence to the virtuality. The present study aims to know the level of satisfaction of the virtual classes of the students of Physical Education. Methodology: Quantitative, non experimental, transversal. The sample consisted of 542 students of Physical Education from different study houses in Chile. The Satisfaction scale online classes was adapted and validated. Results: there are significant differences comparing theoretical and practical subjects, with theoretical chairs being better valued. Differences were also found by sex, where males have a more negative perception about virtual classes and when comparing by course, freshmen have a more positive perception about virtual classes in relation to higher courses. Conclusions: there is a resistance on the part of students to virtual classes in Physical Education, because, although significant differences were found between the theoretical and practical subjects, values were always around 3 on a scale of 1 to 5. Future research with other variables such as physical activity, stress levels and strategies for the teaching of Virtual Physical Education are necessary. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]Introducción: En Chile el primer caso de COVID-19 fue diagnosticado el tres de marzo del 2020 y el día dieciocho del mismo mes el presidente decreto estado de catástrofe, por lo que las clases a nivel escolar y universitario pasaron de la presencialidad a la virtualidad. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer el nivel de satisfacción de las clases virtuales de los estudiantes de Educación Física. Metodología: Cuantitativa, no experimental, transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 542 alumnos de Educación Física de diferentes casas de estudio de Chile. Se adaptó y validó la escala Satisfacción clases online. Resultados: existen diferencias significativas comparando las asignaturas teóricas y prácticas, siendo mejor valoradas las cátedras teóricas. También se encontraron diferencias por sexo, donde los varones poseen una percepción más negativa sobre las clases virtuales y al comparar por curso, los alumnos de primer año poseen una percepción más positiva sobre las clases virtuales en relación con los cursos superiores. Conclusiones: existe una resistencia por parte de los alumnos a las clases virtuales en la Educación Física, pues, si bien se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las asignaturas teóricas y prácticas, los valores siempre estuvieron alrededor de 3 en una escala de 1 a 5. Se hacen necesarias futuras investigaciones con otras variables como actividad física, niveles de estrés y estrategias para la enseñanza de la Educación Física virtual

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Apoyo al bienestar socioemocional en contexto de pandemia por COVID19: sistematización de una experiencia basada en el enfoque de Escuela Total 1

: The interruption of face-to-face education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of confinement and social distancing have caused multiple socio-educational and socio-emotional implications. Schools have had to resort to different forms of online and hybrid education to maintain the continuity of the educational process, with high concern about the well-being of school communities. This study systematizes and analyzes the educational experience of a basic school that implemented a socio-emotional support plan based on the whole school approach proposed in Chile by the COVID-19 Social Board in the education area. The results show that the school, supported by his Institutional Educational Project with a participatory and inclusive seal, has managed to deliver a comprehensive and systematic educational response that safeguards the conditions for access, permanence and participation of all students, through high-level actions. promotional (selfcare workshops, follow-up and monitoring of students, articulation of the PIE with regular classroom teachers), focused prevention (psychosocial support line through WhatsApp, orientation of social benefits, group pedagogical supports) and individual intervention (conversation with teachers with physical and / or emotional exhaustion, individual tutoring for students, referral to networks). The possibilities of the total school approach are discussed to overcome the logic of psychological wellbeing associated with individual interventions, moving towards more collective and community ways of understanding, planning and implementing actions to support the well-being of educational communities.: La interrupción de la educación presencial provocada por la pandemia por COVID-19 y los efectos del confinamiento y distanciamiento social han provocado múltiples implicancias socioeducativas y socioemocionales. Las escuelas han debido recurrir a distintas formas de educación en línea e híbrida para mantener la continuidad del proceso educativo, con alta preocupación sobre el bienestar de las comunidades escolares. Este estudio sistematiza y analiza la experiencia educativa de una escuela básica que implementó un plan de apoyo socioemocional basado en el enfoque de escuela total (whole school approach) propuesto en Chile por la Mesa Social COVID-19 en el área educación. Los resultados muestran que la escuela, sustentada en un Proyecto Educativo Institucional con sello participativo e inclusivo, ha logrado entregar una respuesta educativa integral y sistemática que resguarda las condiciones para el acceso, permanencia y participación de todos los estudiantes, a través de acciones de nivel promocional (talleres de autocuidado, seguimiento y monitoreo de estudiantes, articulación del PIE con docentes de aula regular), de prevención focalizada (línea de apoyo psicosocial por WhatsApp, orientación de beneficios sociales, apoyos pedagógicos grupales) e intervención individual (conversatorio con docentes con desgaste físico y/o emocional, tutorías individuales a estudiantes, derivación a redes). Se discuten las posibilidades del enfoque de escuela total para superar la lógica de bienestar psicológico asociada a intervenciones individuales, avanzando hacia formas más colectivas y comunitarias de entender, planificar e implementar acciones de apoyo al bienestar de las comunidades educativas

Local perspectives and regional problems of security and justice in Latin America

La obra que el lector tiene en sus manos es una invitación a revisar y a transformar la relación de los habitantes de los países de América Latina con el sistema estatal de administración de justicia y con las manifestaciones comunitarias y ancestrales de justicia. El libro tiene una perspectiva empírica, que es consciente del impacto negativo que tienen los conflictos, la violencia y la criminalidad en la vida de las personas y, a su vez, propositiva, que busca valorar los procesos sociales de resistencia y las practicas innovadoras de las comunidades y los estados en busca de la equidad y justicia material.The work that the reader has in his hands is an invitation to review and transform the relationship of the inhabitants of the countries of Latin America with the state system of administration of justice and with community and ancestral manifestations of justice. The book has an empirical perspective, which is aware of the negative impact that conflicts, violence and crime have on people's lives and, at the same time, is proactive, which seeks to value the social processes of resistance and the innovative practices of communities and states in search of equity and material justice.Bogot

El transporte férreo y fluvial colombiano: una prospectiva hacia la electromovilidad

Libro digitalEl transporte es una de las actividades clave para el desarrollo competitivo de los países. Para ello es necesario contar con modos alternativos para la movilidad de pasajeros y de mercancía con características particulares que en su combinación conllevan a realizar procesos de transporte más eficientes en costos, tiempo, condiciones de seguridad entre otras formas de evaluar el desempeño de esta actividad. En Colombia, este potencial de utilización de diferentes modos de transporte es limitado; toda vez que en el país el modo carretero ha sido el de mayor desarrollo debido al descuido de otras alternativas que en otrora fueron relevantes para el país como, por ejemplo, el transporte por las vías fluviales y las férreas nacionales.Capítulo I. Estado actual de la operación férrea y fluvial. Capítulo II. Estado normativo del transporte férreo y fluvial en Colombia y sus disposiciones en cuanto a electro movilidad. Capítulo III. Avances, ventajas y desafíos en tecnologías de electro movilidad en el transporte férreo. Capítulo III. Avances, ventajas y desafíos en tecnologías de electro movilidad en el transporte férreo. Capítulo V. Componente ambiental de los modos férreo y fluvial.Primera edició

Fundamentals of orthopedics and traumatology

Fundamentos de ortopedia y traumatología nace en el seno del Departamento de Ortopedia de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, gracias a la iniciativa de una estudiante de octavo semestre de Medicina. Su interés fue recuperar el texto como aliado fundamental de las dinámicas estudiantiles en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la educación superior y, de esta manera, que aquel sirva como herramienta de consulta para los estudiantes de Medicina, los médicos generales, los ortopedistas en formación, los terapeutas y otros profesionales de la salud que requieran acercarse a esta especialidad.Bogot

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigación desde el año 2003 al 2012

Listado de Proyectos de investigación de UPIICSA desde 2003 a 201

Contribuições da Sociologia na América Latina à imaginação sociológica: análise, crítica e compromisso social Sociology's contribution in Latin America to sociological imagination: analysis, critique, and social commitment

O artigo aborda o papel desempenhado pela Sociologia na análise dos processos de transformação das sociedades latino-americanas, no acompanhamento do processo de construção do Estado e da Nação, na problematização das questões sociais na América Latina. São analisados seis períodos na Sociologia na América Latina e no Caribe: I) a herança intelectual da Sociologia ; II) a sociologia da cátedra; III) O período da "Sociologia Científica" e a configuração da "Sociologia Crítica"; IV) a crise institucional, a consolidação da "Sociologia Crítica" e a diversificação da sociologia; V) a sociologia do autoritarismo, da democracia e da exclusão; VI) a consolidação institucional e a mundialização da sociologia da América Latina (desde o ano de 2000), podendo-se afirmar que os traços distintivos do saber sociológico no continente foram: o internacionalismo, o hibridismo, a abordagem crítica dos processos e conflitos das sociedades latino-americanas e o compromisso social do sociólogo.<br>The article focuses on the role played by Sociology in the analysis of processes of change in Latin American societies, in the process of construction of Nation and State, in the debate of social issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Six periods in Sociology in Latin America and the Caribbean are examined: I) sociology's intellectual legacy; II) sociology as a cathedra; III) the period of "Scientific Sociology"; IV) the institutional crisis, the consolidation of "Critical Sociology", and the diversifying of sociology; V) sociology of authoritarianism, democracy and exclusion; VI) institutional consolidation and globalization of Latin American sociology (since 2000). It may be said that the distinctive features of sociological knowledge in the continent were: internationalism, hybridism, the critical approach to processes and conflicts of Latin American societies, and the sociologist social commitment