68 research outputs found

    Conflictos entre profesionales sanitarios y pacientes: ¿Una cuestión de percepciones estereotipadas o de insatisfacción laboral?

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    Según los datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, durante los años 2012-2017, el número total de la población inmigrante residente en nuestro país fue 4.424.409 habitantes. Con la crisis económica, la inmigración ha aparecido como uno de los problemas que más preocupan a los españoles, generando actitudes de rechazo, especialmente al uso de la sanidad pública (Cea D’Ancona y Vallés, 2008, 2009). Estas percepciones negativas y estereotipadas también se encuentran dentro de las organizaciones sanitarias, siendo el colectivo marroquí el más damnificado, con los estereotipos de poco higiénicos, intolerantes, machistas y fanáticos (Plaza-del Pino y Soriano, 2011). En este contexto estresante, cada vez son más frecuentes los conflictos que surgen entre pacientes sanitarios y pacientes de otras nacionalidades. Sin embargo, son pocos los estudios que han analizado los factores psicosociales que anteceden a estos conflictos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio ha sido explorar la relación entre las actitudes de los profesionales sanitarios (actitud hacia los inmigrantes y actitud hacia el trabajo) y la percepción de conflictos con pacientes inmigrantes. Para ello, hemos administrado los respectivos cuestionarios a 100 trabajadores de varios hospitales. Los principales resultados indican que: (a) Tanto el pensamiento como la intención de conducta estereotipada se relacionan de manera positiva con la percepción de conflictos con pacientes inmigrantes (β = .48, p = .01; β = .37, p = .01); (b) La satisfacción laboral juega un papel modelador en la relación entre el pensamiento estereotipado y la percepción de conflictos con pacientes inmigrantes. De manera que, aunque los profesionales tengan un pensamiento estereotipado, los conflictos no se incrementan si están satisfechos en el trabajo.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

    Studying conflict in work teams: A review of the Spanish scientific contribution

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    En los últimos años hemos asistido a un creciente interés por el análisis de las consecuencias del conflicto en la eficacia de los equipos de trabajo, reflejándose en la publicación de un importante número de artículos realizados por equipos de investigación españoles. Este trabajo realiza un análisis y sistematización de esta literatura, partiendo de líneas de trabajo consolidadas por prestigiosos investigadores y desarrolladas en el ámbito europeo e internacional. Con este objetivo se ponen de manifiesto cuáles son los factores más importantes que intervienen en el proceso del conflicto dentro de los equipos de trabajo y las implicaciones prácticas para el ejercicio profesional que se derivan de estos estudios. Para ello: (a) nos hemos centrado en los modelos explicativos de la eficacia de los equipos utilizando una aproximación Input-Procesos-Output; (b) hemos hecho uso de la distinción entre tipos de conflictos (conflicto de tareas vs. conflicto de relaciones); (c) hemos adoptado una perspectiva contingente para determinar los efectos positivos o negativos de ambos tipos de conflictos. Finalmente, aportamos información mostrando la existencia de oportunidades para el desarrollo de futuros estudios en esta línea de trabajo aún incipiente en España.In the last years, we have observed an increasing interest in the analysis of conflict and work team effectiveness. This growing interest is shown in the many articles from Spanish research teams focused on the phenomenon of conflict in work teams. This paper provides a thorough analysis and classification of the literature on conflict at work, stressing the main research streams developed by prestigious researchers in the European and international scope. Our main goal in this review was to identify the most important variables involved in the conflict process in work teams, as well as the practical implications for professionals derived from this literature. To this end, we first focused on the Input-Processes-Output theoretical model, distinguishing between two types of conflict (tasks conflict vs. relationship conflict). Second, we adopted a contingent perspective to examine both positive and negative effects of these different types of conflict. Finally, we provided suggestions for future research on conflict to help the development of studies in this topic still incipient in Spain.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PSI2008 00503/PSI

    El problema del abandono de los estudios universitarios

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    En este artículo se analiza el fenómeno problemático del abandono de los estudios universitarios, que alcanza hasta el 50% en algunas titulaciones. Para ello, partimos de la presentación y análisis de los porcentajes de abandono de distintas universidades españolas. Posteriormente, al amparo de distintos estudios nacionales e internacionales, y nuestros resultados de investigación, elaboramos un perfil teórico que contempla: definición, causas, modelos explicativos y soluciones. Finalmente, ofrecemos una perspectiva crítica de la enseñanza universitaria, en relación al papel social que esta representa, y en relación a los actuales procesos de cambio, sobre todo el proceso de convergencia europea

    A retrospective transversal study of enlargement and college dropout

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    At present leaving and prolonging studies constitutes a serious problem at the university level. This report pre-sents the results of a retrospective transversal study which purpose was to identify risk factors related with dropout. The methodology design used can be for hel

    Afrontamiento del conflicto interpersonal en el trabajo en pequeñas empresas: El papal moderador del apoyo del supervisor y del compañero

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    The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between two types of interpersonal conflict at work (relationship and task conflict) and job satisfaction in the context of small business, focusing on the buffering role that different sources of social support (supervisors and co-workers) may play in this relationship. Adopting such a contingent perspective our main findings show that, first, supervisor support buffers the link between relationship conflict and job satisfaction while co-worker support moderates the link between task conflict and job satisfaction, and second, that the model estimating the influence of supervisor support and relationship conflict is relatively more important for predicting employees’ job sat- isfaction than the model that relates co-worker support and task conflict. Our study makes a few contributions to research on small businesses and interpersonal conflict at work, two streams that traditionally have been developed separately, and finally highlight important practical implications for the field of Human Resource Management.La finalidad de este estudio fue analizar las relaciones existentes entre los tipos de conflicto y la satisfacción el trabajo en PYMES, analizando el papel moderador que diferentes fuentes de apoyo (compañeros y superior) pueden jugar en esta relación. Adoptando una perspectiva contingente en la gestión del conflicto organizacional, los principales hallazgos muestran que el apoyo del superior amortigua la relación entre el conflicto relacional y la satisfacción en el trabajo, mientras que el apoyo de los compañeros amortigua la relación entre el conflicto de tareas y la satisfacción en el trabajo. Además, el modelo que analiza la influencia del apoyo del supervisor y del conflicto relacional es más importante para predecir la satisfacción que el modelo que analiza la influencia del conflicto de tareas y del apoyo de los compañeros. Este estudio realiza una contribución al estudio del conflicto en organizaciones pequeñas, dos campos de trabajo que han sido estudiados de forma separada; del mismo modo, los hallazgos permiten la realización de implicaciones prácticas para el campo de la Gestión de los Recursos Humanos.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PSI2011-2925

    Comparative Analysis of Muscle Transcriptome between Pig Genotypes Identifies Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms Associated to Growth, Fatness and Metabolism.

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    Iberian ham production includes both purebred (IB) and Duroc-crossbred (IBxDU) Iberian pigs, which show important differences in meat quality and production traits, such as muscle growth and fatness. This experiment was conducted to investigate gene expression differences, transcriptional regulation and genetic polymorphisms that could be associated with the observed phenotypic differences between IB and IBxDU pigs. Nine IB and 10 IBxDU pigs were slaughtered at birth. Morphometric measures and blood samples were obtained and samples from Biceps femoris muscle were employed for compositional and transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq technology. Phenotypic differences were evident at this early age, including greater body size and weight in IBxDU and greater Biceps femoris intramuscular fat and plasma cholesterol content in IB newborns. We detected 149 differentially expressed genes between IB and IBxDU neonates (p < 0.01 and Fold-Change > 1. 5). Several were related to adipose and muscle tissues development (DLK1, FGF21 or UBC). The functional interpretation of the transcriptomic differences revealed enrichment of functions and pathways related to lipid metabolism in IB and to cellular and muscle growth in IBxDU pigs. Protein catabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis and immune system were functions enriched in both genotypes. We identified transcription factors potentially affecting the observed gene expression differences. Some of them have known functions on adipogenesis (CEBPA, EGRs), lipid metabolism (PPARGC1B) and myogenesis (FOXOs, MEF2D, MYOD1), which suggest a key role in the meat quality differences existing between IB and IBxDU hams. We also identified several polymorphisms showing differential segregation between IB and IBxDU pigs. Among them, non-synonymous variants were detected in several transcription factors as PPARGC1B and TRIM63 genes, which could be associated to altered gene function. Taken together, these results provide information about candidate genes, metabolic pathways and genetic polymorphisms potentially involved in phenotypic differences between IB and IBxDU pigs associated to meat quality and production traits

    Evaluación de la calidad y la eficiencia tecnológica en la producción de queso semiduro gouda

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    The quality and indicators of technological efficiency of the production of Gouda semi-hard cheese in the Sibanicú Cheese Factory are evaluated, for the determination of the best operational conditions that allow for adequate conservation. The chemical-physical characteristics of milk, whey and cheeses are determined at the press exit and at the end of ripening. Performance, component utilization and waste are determined as indicators of technological efficiency. A sensory evaluation is performed at 20, 30 and 40 days of maturation. Milk has an acceptable chemical-physical quality due to a lower than normal content of non-fatty solids. The cheeses meet the established technological parameters, the highest qualification is reached after 30 days of ripening, obtaining good yields. The consumption rates are lower than those of Patagrás cheese and the losses are equivalent to reference values.Se evalúo la calidad e indicadores de eficiencia tecnológica de la producción del queso semiduro Gouda en la Fábrica de Quesos Sibanicú, para la determinación de las mejores condiciones operacionales que permitan una adecuada conservación. Se determinan las características químico-físicas de la leche, el suero y los quesos a la salida de prensa y al final de la maduración. Se determinan el rendimiento, aprovechamiento de los componentes y las mermas como indicadores de eficiencia tecnológica. Se realiza una evaluación sensorial a los 20, 30 y 40 días de maduración. La leche presenta una calidad químico-física aceptable debido a un contenido inferior a lo normado de sólidos no grasos. Los quesos cumplen con los parámetros tecnológicos establecidos, se alcanza la mayor calificación a los 30 días de maduración obteniéndose buenos rendimientos. Los índices de consumo resultan menores que los del queso Patagrás y las mermas son equivalentes a valores de referencia

    Risedronate metal complexes potentially active against Chagas disease

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    In the search for new metal-based drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease, the most widespread Latin American parasitic disease, novel complexes of the bioactive ligand risedronate (Ris, (1-hydroxy-1-phosphono-2-pyridin-3-yl-ethyl)phosphonate), [MII(Ris)₂]·4H₂O, where M═Cu, Co, Mn and Ni, and [NiII(Ris)₂(H₂O)2]·H₂O were synthesized and characterized by using analytical measurements, thermogravimetric analyses, cyclic voltammetry and infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Crystal structures of [CuII(Ris)₂]·4H₂O and [NiII(Ris)₂(H₂O)₂]·H₂O were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The complexes, as well as the free ligand, were evaluated in vitro against epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of Chagas disease. Results demonstrated that the coordination of risedronate to different metal ions improved the antiproliferative effect against T. cruzi, exhibiting growth inhibition values against the intracellular amastigotes ranging the low micromolar levels. In addition, this strong activity could be related to high inhibition of farnesyl diphosphate synthase enzyme. On the other hand, protein interaction studies showed that all the complexes strongly interact with albumin thus providing a suitable means of transporting them to tissues in vivo.Centro de Química Inorgánic

    Axillary lymph node dissection versus radiotherapy in breast cancer with positive sentinelnodes after neoadjuvant therapy (ADARNAT trial)

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    Introduction: Breast cancer surgery currently focuses on de-escalating treatment without compromising patient survival. Axillary radiotherapy (ART) now replaces axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with limited sentinel lymph node (SLN) involvement during the primary surgery, and this has significantly reduced the incidence of lymphedema without worsening the prognosis. However, patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) cannot benefit from this option despite the low incidence of residual disease in the armpit in most cases. Data regarding the use of radiotherapy instead of ALND in this population are lacking. This study will assess whether ART is non-inferior to ALND in terms of recurrence and overall survival in patients with positive SLN after NST, including whether it reduces surgery-related adverse effects. Methods and analyses: This multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial will enroll 1660 patients with breast cancer and positive SLNs following NST in approximately 50 Spanish centers over 3 years. Patients will be stratified by NST regimen and nodal involvement (isolated tumoral cells or micrometastasis versus macrometastasis) and randomly assigned 1:1 to ART without ALND (study arm) or ALND alone (control arm). Level 3 and supraclavicular radiotherapy will be added in both arms. The primary outcome is the 5-year axillary recurrence determined by clinical and radiological examination. The secondary outcomes include lymphedema or arm dysfunction, quality of life based (EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 questionnaires), disease-free survival, and overall survival. Discussion: This study aims to provide data to confirm the efficacy and safety of ART over ALND in patients with a positive SLN after NST, together with the impact on morbidity. Ethics and dissemination: The Research Ethics Committee of Bellvitge University Hospital approved this trial (Protocol Record PR148/21, version 3, 1/2/2022) and all patients must provide written informed consent. The involvement of around 50 centers across Spain will facilitate the dissemination of our results
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