Overcoming Central Nervous System-barriers by the development of hybrid structured systems for nose-to-brain drug delivery using clean technologies

The effective delivery of therapeutics into the brain is challenging since drugs or drug delivery systems (DDS) candidates are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making the development of new drugs alone not enough to ensure progresses in Central Nervous System (CNS) drug therapy. Due to several problems related with other routes of brain drug administration, the interest has increased towards exploring the possibility of intranasal administration. The nose-to-brain transport and the therapeutic viability of this route have been investigated for rapid and effective transport of drugs to CNS, but the development of nasal drug products for brain targeting is still faced with many challenges.(...)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO E DISCURSO DO ÓDIO NO BRASIL CARLA VANESSA PRADO NASCIMENTO SANTOS Especialista em Direito Constitucional pela Universidade Cândido Mendes. Graduada

RESUMO A escolha pela democracia impõe ônus, o que é fundamental para um convívio pacífico e harmônico em sociedade. Um Estado Democrático de Direito implica em sérias responsabilidades, ao mesmo tempo que consagra garantias e liberdades individuais e coletivas, a exemplo da liberdade de expressão. A comunidade internacional, assim como a maioria dos Estados Democráticos de Direito, reconheceu expressamente como direito fundamental a liberdade de expressão, diante da importância de se preservar a liberdade de comunicação e garanti-la a todos. [...

INDICADORES DE MORBIMORTALIDADE DA COVID-19 EM MUNICÍPIO DE PEQUENO PORTE DO ESTADO DA BAHIA

Objective: Analyzing morbidity and mortality data on COVID-19 in the city of Pindobaçu, Bahia, in the period of March August 2021. Methods: This is an epidemiological study, with aggregated data, collected in two periods, in the GEOCOVID 19 and transparency Bahia portals, presented through indicators of morbidity and mortality, disease progression rate, effective reproduction rate and vaccination. Results: The moving average grew from 1 to 1.43; the cases accumulated in five months set a growth percentage of 16.2%. Mortality per 100,000 inhabitants from 134.34 rose to 154.24 and the lethality rate increased by 11.16%. The rate of evolution of deaths is negative (-100%) and only 18.93% of the population is vaccinated with two doses. The projection of cases for one month after the analyzed period, in relation to cases per day and moving average, indicates that the city will not have any new cases. Conclusion: The indicators point to a stabilization in new cases and deaths. As decisions related to coping with the pandemic were adopted late by city management through the implementation of social isolation measures and immunization actions require intensification for the effective control of COVID-19. It is suggested that further studies can be conducted using the GEOCOVID Portal and, thus, other epidemiological situations are evidenced in the state.Objetivo: Analisar dados de morbimortalidade sobre a COVID-19 do Município de Pindobaçu, Bahia, no período de março a agosto de 2021. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, com dados agregados, coletados em dois períodos, nos portais GEOCOVID 19 e Transparência Bahia, apresentados por meio de indicadores da morbimortalidade, taxa de evolução da doença, taxa de reprodução efetiva e vacinação. Resultados: A média móvel cresceu, saindo de 1 para 1,43; os casos acumulados em cinco meses configuraram um percentual de crescimento de 16,2%. A mortalidade por cem mil habitantes que era de 134,34 subiu para 154,24 e a taxa de letalidade apresentou crescimento de 11,16%. A taxa de evolução de óbitos encontra-se negativa (-100%) e apenas 18,93% da população encontra-se vacinada com duas doses. A projeção de casos para um mês após o período analisado, em relação aos casos por dia e média móvel, indica que o município não terá nenhum caso novo. Conclusão: Os indicadores apontam para uma estabilização nos casos novos e óbitos. As decisões relacionadas ao enfrentamento da pandemia foram adotadas tardiamente pela gestão municipal por meio da implementação de medidas de isolamento social e as ações de imunização necessitam de intensificação para o efetivo controle da COVID-19. Sugere-se que novos estudos possam ser realizados utilizando-se o Portal GEOCOVID e, assim, outras situações epidemiológicas sejam evidenciadas no estado

Sala de aula invertida e tecnologias digitais no ensino e aprendizagem de libras como L2 para ouvintes

The present study is an excerpt from the author's master's dissertation, which sought to discuss theimplementation of the inverted classroom, mediated by the use of digital technologies, in the context of teaching libras as an L2 for listeners. A questionnaire with five open questions was applied after the implementation and the results indicate that the use of the inverted classroom, enhanced by digital technologies, presented advantages such as the dynamism and the organization of the students regarding their own availability and interest, enabling the development of autonomy in learning libras as a L2 for listeners.O presente estudo é um recorte da dissertação de mestrado da autora a qual buscou discutir a implementação da sala de aula invertida (SAI), mediada pelo uso das tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação (TDIC), no contexto do ensino de libras como L2 para ouvintes. Um questionário com cinco perguntas abertas foi aplicado após o término da implementação da SAI em uma turma de curso normal, ensino médio, que funcionou de forma híbrida durante o período pandêmico e os resultados apontam que o uso da metodologia ativa supracitada, potencializado pelas tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação, apresentou vantagens referentes ao dinamismo e a organização dos alunos quanto à sua própria disponibilidade e interesse, possibilitando o desenvolvimento da autonomia no aprendizado de libras como L2 para ouvintes

Production of water soluble quercetin formulations by pressurized ethyl acetate-in-water emulsion technique using natural origin surfactants

Producción CientíficaQuercetin is a strong antioxidant flavonoid with several bioactive properties such as anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities, becoming an interesting compound to be incorporated into pharmaceutical, cosmetic or food products. However, these applications are limited by the low bioavailability of this flavonoid. Quercetin is poorly soluble in aqueous media, such as gastrointestinal fluids, being also degraded by gut flora. Thus, it is necessary the development of quercetin's formulations capable of improving its water solubility resulting in increased bioavailability and thus higher biological activity of this compound. The aim of the present work was the formulation of quercetin using three distinct natural origin surfactants, namely OSA-starch, Lecithin and b-glucan, by precipitation from a pressurized ethyl acetatein- water emulsion. Formulations of quercetin with encapsulation efficiencies up to near 76% and a micellar particle size in the range of nanometers were obtained using lecithin. An improved antioxidant activity (3-fold higher per unit mass of quercetin) was also observed in these formulations, demonstrating that lecithin is a good emulsifier for the encapsulation of quercetin. Furthermore, the addition of glycerol as co-solvent increased the colloidal stability of the suspension and the encapsulation efficiency of the flavonoid.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA225U14)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Proyecto JCI-2012-14992)

Perfil de sensibilidade de Staphylococcus spp. e Streptococcus spp. isolados de brinquedos de brinquedoteca de um hospital de ensino

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus on toys in the playroom of a teaching hospital, as well to as analyze the antimicrobial from the isolated strains.MethodsSamples were collected from 60 toys, using wet swabs, soon after being used by the children. The samples were inoculated in enriched and selective agar for isolation and later identification of the microorganisms. Antibiogram testing was performed by agar diffusion technique.ResultsThe genus Staphylococcus was present in 87.0% (52/60) of the toys. Seventythree strains were isolated, with 29.0% (21/73) coagulase-positive and 71.0% (52/73) coagulase-negative. Among the coagulase-negative strains, 90.4% were resistant to penicillin, 65.4% to oxacillin, 28.8% to clarithromycin, 61.5% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. Among the coagulase-positive strains, 76.2% were resistant to penicillin, 23.8% to oxacillin, 23.8% to clarithromycin, 47.6% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. The genus Streptococcus was not detected in any of the evaluated toys.ConclusionsToys can be contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria with antimicrobial resistance, representing a possible source of nosocomial infection for patients who are already debilitated

Sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. isolated from toys used in a teaching hospital playroom* *Study conducted at Instituto Básico de Biociências da Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus on toys in the playroom of a teaching hospital, as well to as analyze the antimicrobial resistance from isolated strains.MethodsSamples were collected from 60 toys, using wet swabs, soon after being used by the children. The samples were inoculated in enriched and selective agar for isolation and later identification of the microorganisms. Antibiogram testing was performed by agar diffusion technique.ResultsThe genus Staphylococcus was present in 87.0% (52/60) of the toys. Seventy-three strains were isolated, with 29.0% (21/73) coagulase-positive and 71.0% (52/73) coagulase-negative. Among the coagulase-negative strains, 90.4% were resistant to penicillin, 65.4% to oxacillin, 28.8% to clarithromycin, 61.5% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. Among the coagulase-positive strains, 76.2% were resistant to penicillin, 23.8% to oxacillin, 23.8% to clarithromycin, 47.6% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. The genus Streptococcus was not detected in any of the evaluated toys.ConclusionsToys can be contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria with antimicrobial resistance, representing a possible source of nosocomial infection for patients who are already debilitated

Production of copper loaded lipid microparticles by PGSS® (particles from gas saturated solutions) process

Production of lipid particles loaded with metal nanoparticles by supercritical fluids based processes has been barely studied. In this work, copper nanoparticles were loaded into glyceryl palmitostearate microparticles by PGSS® (Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions). The effect of different variables, temperature (60-80 ºC), copper load (0.2-5%w/w) and water addition (0 – 40%w/w), in particle size and encapsulation efficiency has been studied. The dispersion of metal nanoparticles in the lipid has been determined by SEM-FIB coupled with EDS mapping. In all cases, mean particle size values lower than 70 μm have been obtained, and encapsulation efficiencies around 60% have been achieved. The addition of water has no negative effect in encapsulation efficiency nor in nanoparticles dispersion within the lipid microparticle, being important since nanoparticles are commonly synthetized in aqueous medium.2020-01-102020-01-10Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the University of Valladolid (JCI-2012-14992)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) (Grant PEst-OE/EQB/LA0004/2011: SFRH/BD/77350/2011)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) and FEDER 2014-2020 iNOVA4Health – UID/Multi/04462/2013 and UID/Multi/04551/2013 (GreenIT

Evidências sedimentares de antigo ambiente marinho, Montanhas Ellworth, Antártica Ocidental

O vale Elephant Head (79°.298’S / 83°20.426’W) é um vale deglaciarizado no qual amostras sedimentares foram coletadas em depósitos morâinicos. Análise do tamanho e morfometria das partículas, composição química e mineralógica foram efetuadas. O predomínio de carbonato de cálcio foi observado na maioria das amostras. Marcas onduladas (ripple marks) sugerem a existência de ambiente marinho raso. Um processo de sedimentação marinha preencheu possivelmente esse mar interior, associado com soerguimento tectônico local, posterior cobertura e ação glacial. Sedimentação calcária e clástica domina o vale, refletindo a natureza e composição das principais fontes de sedimentos. Os depósitos e sedimentos no vale Elephant Head corroboram com outros estudos que caracterizam a área como uma zona de rift em um ambiente sedimentar marinho raso. A principal lacuna é o timing desses eventos