Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Développement d'une ressource multimédia pour l'interprétation de la pratique picturale ancienne (I): la peinture espagnole des XVI-XVII siècles

Proyecto de innovación educativo centrado en el desarrollo de un recurso educativo multimedia sobre el proceso creativo empleado por los pintores de los siglos XVI-XVII, evidenciando las etapas intermedias (aparejo, dibujo preparatorio) que quedan ocultas bajo la pintura final.Depto. de Pintura y Conservación-RestauraciónFac. de Bellas ArtesFALSEsubmitte

Consenso sobre lipoproteína (a) de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Revisión bibliográfica y recomendaciones para la práctica clínica

La irrupción de la lipoproteína (a) (Lp(a)) en la valoración de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular es quizás, junto con el descubrimiento y uso de los fármacos inhibidores de la proproteína convertasa subtilisina/kexina tipo 9 (iPCSK9), la mayor novedad en el campo desde hace décadas. La concentración de Lp(a) (especialmente los niveles muy elevados) tiene una innegable asociación con determinadas complicaciones cardiovasculares, como los derivados de enfermedad vascular aterosclerótica (EVA) y la estenosis aórtica. Sin embargo, existen varias limitaciones actuales tanto para establecer asociaciones epidemiológicas como para realizar un tratamiento farmacológico específico. En primer lugar, la medición de la Lp(a) depende en gran medida del test utilizado, principalmente por las características de la molécula. En segundo lugar, la concentración de Lp(a) está determinada en más del 80% por la genética, por lo que, al contrario de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular no puede ser modificada con cambios del estilo de vida. Finalmente, aunque existen múltiples ensayos clínicos prometedores con fármacos específicos para reducir la Lp(a), actualmente solo los iPCSK9 (limitados para su uso por su coste y eficacia limitada) reducen de forma significativa la Lp(a). Sin embargo, y en línea con otras sociedades científicas, la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA) considera oportuno con el objetivo de aumentar el conocimiento sobre la contribución de la Lp(a) al riesgo cardiovascular, la elaboración de un documento donde se recoja el estado actual del tema, las recomendaciones de control del riesgo cardiovascular global en las personas con Lp(a) elevada y sus implicaciones terapéuticas. The irruption of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) in the study of cardiovascular risk factors is perhaps, together with the discovery and use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (iPCSK9) inhibitor drugs, the greatest novelty in the field for decades. Lp(a) concentration (especially very high levels) has an undeniable association with certain cardiovascular complications, such as atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD) and aortic stenosis. However, there are several current limitations to both establishing epidemiological associations and specific pharmacological treatment. Firstly, the measurement of Lp(a) is highly dependent on the test used, mainly because of the characteristics of the molecule. Secondly, Lp(a) concentration is more than 80% genetically determined, so that, unlike other cardiovascular risk factors, it cannot be regulated by lifestyle changes. Finally, although there are many promising clinical trials with specific drugs to reduce Lp(a), currently only iPCSK9 (limited for use because of its cost) significantly reduces Lp(a). However, and in line with other scientific societies, the SEA considers that, with the aim of increasing knowledge about the contribution of Lp(a) to cardiovascular risk, it is relevant to produce a document containing the current status of the subject, recommendations for the control of global cardiovascular risk in people with elevated Lp(a) and recommendations on the therapeutic approach to patients with elevated Lp(a)

The PLATO Mission

International audiencePLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) is ESA's M3 mission designed to detect and characterise extrasolar planets and perform asteroseismic monitoring of a large number of stars. PLATO will detect small planets (down to <2 R_(Earth)) around bright stars (<11 mag), including terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars. With the complement of radial velocity observations from the ground, planets will be characterised for their radius, mass, and age with high accuracy (5 %, 10 %, 10 % for an Earth-Sun combination respectively). PLATO will provide us with a large-scale catalogue of well-characterised small planets up to intermediate orbital periods, relevant for a meaningful comparison to planet formation theories and to better understand planet evolution. It will make possible comparative exoplanetology to place our Solar System planets in a broader context. In parallel, PLATO will study (host) stars using asteroseismology, allowing us to determine the stellar properties with high accuracy, substantially enhancing our knowledge of stellar structure and evolution. The payload instrument consists of 26 cameras with 12cm aperture each. For at least four years, the mission will perform high-precision photometric measurements. Here we review the science objectives, present PLATO's target samples and fields, provide an overview of expected core science performance as well as a description of the instrument and the mission profile at the beginning of the serial production of the flight cameras. PLATO is scheduled for a launch date end 2026. This overview therefore provides a summary of the mission to the community in preparation of the upcoming operational phases