Compositional analysis of excavated landfill samples and the determination of residual biogas potential of the organic fraction

The objectives of this study were to assess the biogas potential of landfilled materials and to further validate the suitability of the enzymatic hydrolysis test EHT as a valuable alternative to substitute the standardised test currently in use (BMP). Both tests were applied to a range of landfill waste samples. The waste composition and volatile solids content (VS) profile together with the BMP test results showed that the biogas potential of the waste samples was directly related to their VS content, as expected. The positive correlation between the VS and the BMP test (r = 0.67) suggests that the first could be used as a primary indicator of biogas potential of waste samples. Nevertheless, it should be validated against the BMP test because, occasionally, the VS content does not equate to the biogas production. This was mainly due to the paper content of the samples which also correlates positively (r = 0.77) with the BMP biogas production. The EHT results showed a higher correlation with the BMP test (r = 0.91) than in previous studies which used a wider mixture of enzymes containing cellulase, hemicellulase and carbohydrase. This finding positions the EHT as a quick assessing method for the biodegradability of waste samples in future sample regimes

Atributos químicos das fases sólida e aquosa do solo de sítios de restinga sob diferentes coberturas vegetais no estado de Sergipe.

bitstream/CPATC/19773/1/f_11_2007.pd

Ionized gas kinematics of galaxies in the CALIFA survey I: Velocity fields, kinematic parameters of the dominant component, and presence of kinematically distinct gaseous systems

This work provides an overall characterization of the kinematic behavior of the ionized gas of the galaxies included in the Calar Alto Legacy Integral field Area (CALIFA), offering kinematic clues to potential users of this survey for including kinematical criteria for specific studies. From the first 200 galaxies observed by CALIFA, we present the 2D kinematic view of the 177 galaxies satisfying a gas detection threshold. After removing the stellar contribution, we used the cross-correlation technique to obtain the radial velocity of the dominant gaseous component. The main kinematic parameters were directly derived from the radial velocities with no assumptions on the internal motions. Evidence of the presence of several gaseous components with different kinematics were detected by using [OIII] profiles. Most objects in the sample show regular velocity fields, although the ionized-gas kinematics are rarely consistent with simple coplanar circular motions. 35% of the objects present evidence of a displacement between the photometric and kinematic centers larger than the original spaxel radii. Only 17% of the objects in the sample exhibit kinematic lopsidedness when comparing receding and approaching sides of the velocity fields, but most of them are interacting galaxies exhibiting nuclear activity. Early-type galaxies in the sample present clear photometric-kinematic misaligments. There is evidence of asymmetries in the emission line profiles suggesting the presence of kinematically distinct gaseous components at different distances from the nucleus. This work constitutes the first determination of the ionized gas kinematics of the galaxies observed in the CALIFA survey. The derived velocity fields, the reported kinematic peculiarities and the identification of the presence of several gaseous components might be used as additional criteria for selecting galaxies for specific studies.Comment: 38 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables. Paper accepted for publication in A&

Meanings attributed by family and patients to family presence in emergency rooms

Objective: to understand the process that leads adult and family patients to support family presence in emergency care. Method: a qualitative study that adopted Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical reference and the Grounded Theory as a methodological framework. The theoretical sample consisted of 15 relatives and 15 patients assisted at two emergency units in the South of Brazil. Data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. Results: the central category ¿Convergence of ideas: family members and patients supporting family presence in emergency care? is supported by the categories: Affectionate relationship among family members?; Tacit obligation to care for the sick relative?; Benefits for the family?; Benefits for the patient?; and Benefits for the health team?. Conclusion: family presence in emergency care provides maintenance and strengthening of affectionate bonds among relatives and the experience of more sensitive and qualified care.Objetivo: comprender el proceso que lleva a pacientes adultos y familiares a apoyar la presencia de la familia en la atención de emergencia. Método: estudio cualitativo que adoptó el Interaccionismo Simbólico como referencial teórico y la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos como referencial metodológico. El muestreo teórico fue compuesta por 15 familiares y 15 pacientes atendidos en dos unidades de emergencia en el sur de Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva. Resultados: la categoría central “Convergencia de ideas: familiares y pacientes apoyando la presencia de la familia en la atención de emergencia” es sostenida por las categorías: “Afetuosa relación entre los miembros de la familia”; “Obligación tácita de cuidar del familiar enfermo “; “Beneficios para la familia”; “Beneficios para el paciente”; y “Beneficios para el equipo de salud”. Conclusión: la presencia familiar en la atención de emergencia proporciona el mantenimiento y el fortalecimiento de los lazos afectivos entre los familiares y la vivencia de cuidados más sensibles y calificados.Objetivo: compreender o processo que leva pacientes adultos e familiares a apoiarem a presença da família no atendimento emergencial. Método: estudo qualitativo que adotou o Interacionismo Simbólico como referencial teórico e a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados como referencial metodológico. A amostragem teórica foi composta por 15 familiares e 15 pacientes atendidos em duas unidades emergenciais no Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram analisados por meio de codificação aberta, axial e seletiva. Resultados: a categoria central “Convergência de ideias: familiares e pacientes apoiando a presença da família no atendimento emergencial” é sustentada pelas categorias: “Afetuosa relação entre os membros da família”; “Obrigação tácita de cuidar do familiar enfermo”; “Benefícios para a família”; “Benefícios para o paciente”; e “Benefícios para a equipe de saúde”. Conclusão: a presença familiar no atendimento emergencial proporciona a manutenção e o fortalecimento dos laços afetivos entre os familiares e a vivência de cuidados mais sensíveis e qualificados

ALTERAÇÃO DA GORDURA CORPORAL E DA FUNÇÃO CARDÍACA COM EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO LEVE PRATICADO COM REGULARIDADE

O objetivo foi verificar as alterações da composição corporal e da capacidade aeróbica de mulheres obesas ao longo de um programa de treinamento regular de exercício aeróbio para redução ponderal. Nove voluntárias do sexo feminino com idade de 39,0±17,8 anos e gordura superior a 30% foram submetidas à avaliação funcional inicial para obtenção dos valores de peso corporal, estatura, dobras cutâneas, percentual de gordura, massa corporal magra e capacidade aeróbica (VO2 máx). Então, iniciaram um programa de caminhada com a intensidade de 50 a 80% da freqüência cardíaca de reserva, duração de 30 a 60 minutos e freqüência de 4 vezes por semana. Após 12 semanas de treinamento foi realizada a avaliação funcional final. A significância das diferenças foi determinada por Teste t de Student (p < 0,05). O peso corporal diminuiu de 77,7±10,9 para 75,8±10,0 Kg, a massa magra aumentou de 48,7±4,5 para 51,0±4,7 Kg e o VO2 max aumentou de 28,8±5,7 para 33,8±5,4 mL.kg-¹.min-¹, porém apenas a gordura diminuiu significativamente de 36,9±4,5 para 32,4±3,9% (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que o treinamento alterou de forma positiva o peso corporal, a massa magra e capacidade aeróbica, mas sobretudo foi eficiente para reduzir a gordura corporal

The Mass-Metallicity relation explored with CALIFA: I. Is there a dependence on the star formation rate?

We present the results on the study of the global and local M-Z relation based on the first data available from the CALIFA survey (150 galaxies). This survey provides integral field spectroscopy of the complete optical extent of each galaxy (up to 2-3 effective radii), with enough resolution to separate individual HII regions and/or aggregations. Nearly $\sim$3000 individual HII regions have been detected. The spectra cover the wavelength range between [OII]3727 and [SII]6731, with a sufficient signal-to-noise to derive the oxygen abundance and star-formation rate associated with each region. In addition, we have computed the integrated and spatially resolved stellar masses (and surface densities), based on SDSS photometric data. We explore the relations between the stellar mass, oxygen abundance and star-formation rate using this dataset. We derive a tight relation between the integrated stellar mass and the gas-phase abundance, with a dispersion smaller than the one already reported in the literature ($\sigma_{\Delta{\rm log(O/H)}}=$0.07 dex). Indeed, this dispersion is only slightly larger than the typical error derived for our oxygen abundances. However, we do not find any secondary relation with the star-formation rate, other than the one induced due to the primary relation of this quantity with the stellar mass. We confirm the result using the $\sim$3000 individual HII regions, for the corresponding local relations. Our results agree with the scenario in which gas recycling in galaxies, both locally and globally, is much faster than other typical timescales, like that of gas accretion by inflow and/or metal loss due to outflows. In essence, late-type/disk dominated galaxies seem to be in a quasi-steady situation, with a behavior similar to the one expected from an instantaneous recycling/closed-box model.Comment: 19 Pages, 8 figures, Accepted for Publishing in Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A

The alpha-galactosidase A p.Arg118Cys variant does not cause a Fabry disease phenotype: data from individual patients and family studies

Acessível em: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4423738/Lysosomal α-galactosidase A (α-Gal) is the enzyme deficient in Fabry disease (FD), an X-linked glycosphingolipidosis caused by pathogenic mutations affecting the GLA gene. The early-onset, multi-systemic FD classical phenotype is associated with absent or severe enzyme deficiency, as measured by in vitro assays, but patients with higher levels of residual α-Gal activity may have later-onset, more organ-restricted clinical presentations. A change in the codon 118 of the wild-type α-Gal sequence, replacing basic arginine by a potentially sulfhydryl-binding cysteine residue - GLA p.(Arg118Cys) -, has been recurrently described in large FD screening studies of high-risk patients. Although the Cys118 allele is associated with high residual α-Gal activity in vitro, it has been classified as a pathogenic mutation, mainly on the basis of theoretical arguments about the chemistry of the cysteine residue. However its pathogenicity has never been convincingly demonstrated by pathology criteria. We reviewed the clinical, biochemical and histopathology data obtained from 22 individuals of Portuguese and Spanish ancestry carrying the Cys118 allele, including 3 homozygous females. Cases were identified either on the differential diagnosis of possible FD manifestations and on case-finding studies (n=11; 4 males), or on unbiased cascade screening of probands' close relatives (n=11; 3 males). Overall, those data strongly suggest that the GLA p.(Arg118Cys) variant does not segregate with FD clinical phenotypes in a Mendelian fashion, but might be a modulator of the multifactorial risk of cerebrovascular disease. The Cys118 allelic frequency in healthy Portuguese adults (n=696) has been estimated as 0.001, therefore not qualifying for "rare" condition

Vigor de sementes e adubação nitrogenada na produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de trigo.

A utilização de sementes de qualidade, associada à adubação nitrogenada aplicada em doses e momentos adequados, pode aumentar a produtividade e o potencial fisiológico das sementes produzidas. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do vigor de sementes utilizadas na semeadura associado a combinações de doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio sobre a produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de trigo. O experimento foi conduzido com a cultivar BRS Gralha-Azul, sob delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2x7, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em dois níveis de vigor de sementes (alto e baixo) associados a sete combinações de doses e aplicação da adução nitrogenada (N1- sem N; N2- 40 kg ha-1 de N no perfilhamento; N3- 80 kg ha-1 de N no perfilhamento; N4- 40 kg ha-1 de N na semeadura; N5- 80 kg ha-1 de N na semeadura; N6- 40 kg ha-1 de N na semeadura e 40 kg ha-1 de N no perfilhamento; N7- 20 kg ha-1 de N na semeadura e 60 kg ha-1 de N no perfilhamento). Foram avaliados: germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, comprimento e massa seca de plântulas, emergência de plântulas em areia, índice de velocidade e emergência, condutividade elétrica, massa de mil sementes e produtividade de sementes. A adubação com 20 kg ha-1 de N na semeadura e 60 kg ha-1 de N no início do perfilhamento foi o mais eficiente para a produção de sementes vigorosas da cultivar BRS Gralha-Azul. Sementes com alto vigor apresentam melhor potencial fisiológico. Os níveis de vigor de sementes e as combinações de épocas de aplicação e doses de nitrogênio não alteram a produtividade da cultura e a massa das sementes produzidas.Empregado da Embrapa Trigo na época da publicação