Les sièges au Proche-Orient à l'époque Néo-assyrienne. Sources textuelles et iconographiques

International audienceLe siège est une composante importante de l’histoire militaire du Proche-Orient au Ier millénaire.Par siège, on désigne tous les moyens de s’emparer d’une position fortifiée. L e terme renvoie à lapoliorcétique, qui désigne la technique même du siège, aussi bien du point de vue de l’attaque que dela défense

The HOXB4 Homeoprotein Promotes the Ex Vivo Enrichment of Functional Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived NK Cells

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be induced to differentiate into blood cells using either co-culture with stromal cells or following human embryoid bodies (hEBs) formation. It is now well established that the HOXB4 homeoprotein promotes the expansion of human adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but also myeloid and lymphoid progenitors. However, the role of HOXB4 in the development of hematopoietic cells from hESCs and particularly in the generation of hESC-derived NK-progenitor cells remains elusive. Based on the ability of HOXB4 to passively enter hematopoietic cells in a system that comprises a co-culture with the MS-5/SP-HOXB4 stromal cells, we provide evidence that HOXB4 delivery promotes the enrichment of hEB-derived precursors that could differentiate into fully mature and functional NK. These hEB-derived NK cells enriched by HOXB4 were characterized according to their CMH class I receptor expression, their cytotoxic arsenal, their expression of IFNγ and CD107a after stimulation and their lytic activity. Furthermore our study provides new insights into the gene expression profile of hEB-derived cells exposed to HOXB4 and shows the emergence of CD34+CD45RA+ precursors from hEBs indicating the lymphoid specification of hESC-derived hematopoietic precursors. Altogether, our results outline the effects of HOXB4 in combination with stromal cells in the development of NK cells from hESCs and suggest the potential use of HOXB4 protein for NK-cell enrichment from pluripotent stem cells

Low Cognitive Awareness, but Not Complaint, is a Good Marker of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may result from many conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD)

Anaerobiosis revisited: growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under extremely low oxygen availability

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays an important role in biotechnological applications, ranging from fuel ethanol to recombinant protein production. It is also a model organism for studies on cell physiology and genetic regulation. Its ability to grow under anaerobic conditions is of interest in many industrial applications. Unlike industrial bioreactors with their low surface area relative to volume, ensuring a complete anaerobic atmosphere during microbial cultivations in the laboratory is rather difficult. Tiny amounts of O2 that enter the system can vastly influence product yields and microbial physiology. A common procedure in the laboratory is to sparge the culture vessel with ultrapure N2 gas; together with the use of butyl rubber stoppers and norprene tubing, O2 diffusion into the system can be strongly minimized. With insights from some studies conducted in our laboratory, we explore the question ‘how anaerobic is anaerobiosis?’. We briefly discuss the role of O2 in non-respiratory pathways in S. cerevisiae and provide a systematic survey of the attempts made thus far to cultivate yeast under anaerobic conditions. We conclude that very few data exist on the physiology of S. cerevisiae under anaerobiosis in the absence of the anaerobic growth factors ergosterol and unsaturated fatty acids. Anaerobicity should be treated as a relative condition since complete anaerobiosis is hardly achievable in the laboratory. Ideally, researchers should provide all the details of their anaerobic set-up, to ensure reproducibility of results among different laboratories. A correction to this article is available online at http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/131930/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9036-

L’armée en Babylonie du 6ème au 4ème siècle av. n. è.

Studying the Army in Babylonia between the 6th and the 4th century BCE consists less of a "war study” than an essay on economic, social and institutional history as Cuneiform documentation originating from this period consist essentially of administrative and economic texts. The composition of the military which allowed the emergence and expansion of the Neo Babylonian empire (622 -539 BCE), is studied from the perspective of three social backgrounds which contributed to its establishment: The temples which provided the royal army with support troops, issued from their oblates, a category of individuals denied of freedom who were dedicated to the temple. Some of them were trained in handling weapons. The Babylonian traditional elites who paid a fee to compensate for the service. Their participation developed mainly from the Achaemenid Period Military colonists who were non-Babylonian soldiers receiving an allotment from the Crown in exchange of a fee paid in kind and a duty of military service From 539 BCE onward, the Babylonian army was probably dismantled following the Babylonian conquest by Cyrus the Great and the region was integrated to the new Achaemenid empire (539 -331 BCE). Nonetheless, institutional structures enabling its establishment were maintained or developed in the case of the contribution of the notability, providing soldiers but also workers travelling to Persia to participate in the large construction works of the Royal administration. In a similar way, the Achaemenid kings made use of the rich agricultural lands in order to pursue the policy consisting of allocating lands to soldiers.Traiter de l'armée en Babylonie du VIe au IVe siècle av. n. è. consiste moins en une étude sur la guerre qu'en un essai d'histoire économique, sociale et institutionnelle, puisque la documentation cunéiforme produite à cette époque est constituée essentiellement de sources de la pratique. La nature de l'armée qui permit l'émergence et l'expansion de l'empire néo-babylonien (622-539 av. n. è.) a été étudiée à partir de trois milieux sociaux qui contribuaient à sa construction: Les temples qui fournissaient à l'armée royale des troupes d'appoint, formées par leurs oblats, une catégorie d'individus non libres qui leur avaient été dédiés, parmi lesquels certains étaient formés au maniement des armes. Les élites babyloniennes qui payaient une redevance en compensation du service, mais dont la participation se développe surtout à l'époque achéménide. Les colons militaires, des soldats souvent non babyloniens qui avaient reçu une parcelle allouée de la Couronne en échange d'une redevance en nature et d'une obligation de service militaire. À partir de 539 av. n. è. l'armée néo-babylonienne est démantelée suite à la conquête de Babylone par Cyrus le Grand et la région est intégrée au nouvel empire achéménide (539-331 av. 11.-è.). Cependant, les structures institutionnelles qui permettaient sa construction sont maintenues, voire développée dans le cas des notables, non plus uniquement pour fournir des soldats, mais aussi des travailleurs qui allaient se rendre en Perse participer aux grands chantiers organisés par l'administration royale. Pareillement, les souverains achéménides profitèrent du riche espace agricole pour poursuivre la politique d'attribution de terres aux soldats

Notes de lecture: M. Jursa, Aspects of the Economic History of Babylonia in the First Millennium BC, AOAT 377, Münster, 2010 par Bruno Gombert (doctorant, Paris 1)

L’ouvrage de M. Jursa, Aspects of the Economic History of Babylonia in the First Millennium BC: economic geography, economic mentalities, agriculture, the use of money and the problem of economic growth, constitue un élément incontournable pour la construction d’une histoire économique de la Mésopotamie antique. La très riche documentation, en grande partie inédite, sur laquelle l’auteur s’est appuyé pour construire cet ouvrage, ainsi que la méthode de traitement des sources et de production ..

L’armée en Babylonie du 6ème au 4ème siècle av. n. è.

Studying the Army in Babylonia between the 6th and the 4th century BCE consists less of a "war study” than an essay on economic, social and institutional history as Cuneiform documentation originating from this period consist essentially of administrative and economic texts. The composition of the military which allowed the emergence and expansion of the Neo Babylonian empire (622 -539 BCE), is studied from the perspective of three social backgrounds which contributed to its establishment: The temples which provided the royal army with support troops, issued from their oblates, a category of individuals denied of freedom who were dedicated to the temple. Some of them were trained in handling weapons. The Babylonian traditional elites who paid a fee to compensate for the service. Their participation developed mainly from the Achaemenid Period Military colonists who were non-Babylonian soldiers receiving an allotment from the Crown in exchange of a fee paid in kind and a duty of military service From 539 BCE onward, the Babylonian army was probably dismantled following the Babylonian conquest by Cyrus the Great and the region was integrated to the new Achaemenid empire (539 -331 BCE). Nonetheless, institutional structures enabling its establishment were maintained or developed in the case of the contribution of the notability, providing soldiers but also workers travelling to Persia to participate in the large construction works of the Royal administration. In a similar way, the Achaemenid kings made use of the rich agricultural lands in order to pursue the policy consisting of allocating lands to soldiers.Traiter de l'armée en Babylonie du VIe au IVe siècle av. n. è. consiste moins en une étude sur la guerre qu'en un essai d'histoire économique, sociale et institutionnelle, puisque la documentation cunéiforme produite à cette époque est constituée essentiellement de sources de la pratique. La nature de l'armée qui permit l'émergence et l'expansion de l'empire néo-babylonien (622-539 av. n. è.) a été étudiée à partir de trois milieux sociaux qui contribuaient à sa construction: Les temples qui fournissaient à l'armée royale des troupes d'appoint, formées par leurs oblats, une catégorie d'individus non libres qui leur avaient été dédiés, parmi lesquels certains étaient formés au maniement des armes. Les élites babyloniennes qui payaient une redevance en compensation du service, mais dont la participation se développe surtout à l'époque achéménide. Les colons militaires, des soldats souvent non babyloniens qui avaient reçu une parcelle allouée de la Couronne en échange d'une redevance en nature et d'une obligation de service militaire. À partir de 539 av. n. è. l'armée néo-babylonienne est démantelée suite à la conquête de Babylone par Cyrus le Grand et la région est intégrée au nouvel empire achéménide (539-331 av. 11.-è.). Cependant, les structures institutionnelles qui permettaient sa construction sont maintenues, voire développée dans le cas des notables, non plus uniquement pour fournir des soldats, mais aussi des travailleurs qui allaient se rendre en Perse participer aux grands chantiers organisés par l'administration royale. Pareillement, les souverains achéménides profitèrent du riche espace agricole pour poursuivre la politique d'attribution de terres aux soldats

Notes de lecture: M. Jursa, Aspects of the Economic History of Babylonia in the First Millennium BC, AOAT 377, Münster, 2010 par Bruno Gombert (doctorant, Paris 1)

L’ouvrage de M. Jursa, Aspects of the Economic History of Babylonia in the First Millennium BC: economic geography, economic mentalities, agriculture, the use of money and the problem of economic growth, constitue un élément incontournable pour la construction d’une histoire économique de la Mésopotamie antique. La très riche documentation, en grande partie inédite, sur laquelle l’auteur s’est appuyé pour construire cet ouvrage, ainsi que la méthode de traitement des sources et de production ..

Military in Babylonia from 6th to 4th BCE

Traiter de l'armée en Babylonie du VIe au IVe siècle av. n. è. consiste moins en une étude sur la guerre qu'en un essai d'histoire économique, sociale et institutionnelle, puisque la documentation cunéiforme produite à cette époque est constituée essentiellement de sources de la pratique. La nature de l'armée qui permit l'émergence et l'expansion de l'empire néo-babylonien (622-539 av. n. è.) a été étudiée à partir de trois milieux sociaux qui contribuaient à sa construction: Les temples qui fournissaient à l'armée royale des troupes d'appoint, formées par leurs oblats, une catégorie d'individus non libres qui leur avaient été dédiés, parmi lesquels certains étaient formés au maniement des armes. Les élites babyloniennes qui payaient une redevance en compensation du service, mais dont la participation se développe surtout à l'époque achéménide. Les colons militaires, des soldats souvent non babyloniens qui avaient reçu une parcelle allouée de la Couronne en échange d'une redevance en nature et d'une obligation de service militaire. À partir de 539 av. n. è. l'armée néo-babylonienne est démantelée suite à la conquête de Babylone par Cyrus le Grand et la région est intégrée au nouvel empire achéménide (539-331 av. 11.-è.). Cependant, les structures institutionnelles qui permettaient sa construction sont maintenues, voire développée dans le cas des notables, non plus uniquement pour fournir des soldats, mais aussi des travailleurs qui allaient se rendre en Perse participer aux grands chantiers organisés par l'administration royale. Pareillement, les souverains achéménides profitèrent du riche espace agricole pour poursuivre la politique d'attribution de terres aux soldats.Studying the Army in Babylonia between the 6th and the 4th century BCE consists less of a "war study” than an essay on economic, social and institutional history as Cuneiform documentation originating from this period consist essentially of administrative and economic texts. The composition of the military which allowed the emergence and expansion of the Neo Babylonian empire (622 -539 BCE), is studied from the perspective of three social backgrounds which contributed to its establishment: The temples which provided the royal army with support troops, issued from their oblates, a category of individuals denied of freedom who were dedicated to the temple. Some of them were trained in handling weapons. The Babylonian traditional elites who paid a fee to compensate for the service. Their participation developed mainly from the Achaemenid Period Military colonists who were non-Babylonian soldiers receiving an allotment from the Crown in exchange of a fee paid in kind and a duty of military service From 539 BCE onward, the Babylonian army was probably dismantled following the Babylonian conquest by Cyrus the Great and the region was integrated to the new Achaemenid empire (539 -331 BCE). Nonetheless, institutional structures enabling its establishment were maintained or developed in the case of the contribution of the notability, providing soldiers but also workers travelling to Persia to participate in the large construction works of the Royal administration. In a similar way, the Achaemenid kings made use of the rich agricultural lands in order to pursue the policy consisting of allocating lands to soldiers

Diagnostic et prise en charge de l'ostéoporose après fracture du poignet chez des femmes ménopausées dans le nord de la Charente-Maritime

POITIERS-BU Médecine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocSudocFranceF