Selective C(sp2)−H Halogenation of "click" 4-Aryl-1,2,3-triazoles

Selective bromination reactions of “click compounds” are described. Electron-neutral and electron-deficient arenes selectively undergo unprecedented Pd-catalyzed C–H ortho-halogenations assisted by simple triazoles as modular directing groups, whereas electron-rich arenes are regioselectively halogenated following an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction pathway. These C–H halogenation procedures exhibit a wide group tolerance, complement existing bromination procedures, and represent versatile synthetic tools of utmost importance for the late-stage diversification of “click compounds”. The characterization of a triazole-containing palladacycle and density functional theory studies supported the mechanism proposal.We are grateful to Gobierno Vasco (ELKARTEK_KK-2015/0000101; IT_1033-16) and UPV/EHU (GIU15/31) for financial support. A. C. thanks MINECO for a Ramón y Cajal research contract (RYC-2012-09873). Cost-CHAOS action is also acknowledged

“Make Spain Great Again” - The Rise of Far-Right Populism in España

In recent years, the spread of far-right ideology has expanded across Europe. Spain, a country that was once considered “immune” to the grasp of far-right ideals, has seen a rise in far-right populist membership in recent years. The Vox Party, Spain’s major far-right populist regime has gained seats in regional and federal parliament, leading many to consider Spain a new frontier for the ideology. What are the conditions that spurred this change? How did Spain, which once held great immunity to this issue, finally succumb to wave of far-right populism that has been crashing into Europe for years? This research project will examine the key features that led to the rise of the Vox party, and analyze the shifts in Spanish society and culture that helped to create an environment for far-right populism to take hold

Envío automático de wrappers para acelerar la producción científica

Los Modelos del Sistema Terrestre (ESMs, por sus siglas en inglés) son modelos numéricos complejos que simulan tanto los distintos componentes del sistema terrestre como las interacciones entre ellos. Los ESMs constituyen la base de la producción científica en el ámbito de las Ciencias de la Tierra, por lo que trabajar en su optimización computacional constituye una tarea crítica. Estos modelos son sistemas complejos y su puesta en marcha normalmente conlleva la ejecución de múltiples pasos asociados a los varios componentes que los integran, el tratamiento de los datos, y la larga extensión temporal de las simulaciones climáticas. A lo largo de este estudio, evaluaremos el impacto de la agregación de tareas en simulaciones reales de estos modelos ejecutadas en varios supercomputadores europeos. En este contexto, la agregación de tareas – o wrapping – es un mecanismo que nos permite enviar varias tareas agrupadas en una sola a las plataformas remotas. Gracias a estudios anteriores, sabemos que agrupar tareas en wrappers verticales – es decir, en los que cada tarea depende de la anterior –, implica la reducción del tiempo que pasan las distintas tareas en la cola del planificador, es decir, el tiempo que esperan a que el sistema les conceda los recursos necesarios para ser ejecutadas. Al reducir los tiempos de cola, lo que estaríamos consiguiendo en última instancia es reducir el tiempo total de ejecución del flujo de tareas, o workflow. Como base de nuestra investigación utilizaremos el modelo comunitario europeo ECEarth3, uno de los ESMs más reconocidos en Europa por sus contribuciones al proyecto CMIP6. El workflow que lo implementa ha sido portado a múltiples supercomputadores europeos como MeluXina de LuxProvide, HPC2020 de ECMWF o MareNostrum 4 y MareNostrum 5 del Barcelona Supercomputing Center. Los resultados experimentales de nuestro estudio muestran que para las tres plataformas de supercomputación testadas los tiempos de cola agregados para un experimento de simulación que utiliza wrappers verticales son de 11 a 12 veces más cortos en comparación con los de un experimento que no los utiliza.Earth System Models (ESMs) are complex numerical models that simulate both the different components of the Earth and the interactions between them. The ESMs are the basis of scientific production in the field of Earth Sciences, so working on their computational optimization is an essential endeavor. These models are complex systems and their implementation usually involves the execution of multiple steps associated with the various components that integrate them, data processing, and the long time extension of the climate simulations. Throughout this research, we will assess the effects of task aggregation on real-life simulations of these models conducted on various European supercomputers. In this context, task aggregation, also known as wrapping, is a strategy that enables us to bundle multiple tasks and submit them as a single job wrapper to remote platforms. Previous research states that organizing tasks into vertical wrappers – where each task is dependent on the preceding one – results in shorter waiting times in the scheduler queue, which is the duration for which they wait for the system to allocate the required resources for execution. Consequently, reducing queue times leads to a decrease in the overall execution time of the workflow. We will utilize the European community model EC-Earth3 as the basis of our research, one of the best known ESMs in Europe. The workflow that executes it has been ported for use on several European supercomputers, including MeluXina from LuxProvide and HPC2020 from ECMWF together with MareNostrum 4 and MareNostrum 5 at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center. The experimental findings of our research indicate that across the three evaluated supercomputing platforms the total queue times for an experiment utilizing vertical wrappers are 11 to 12 times shorter compared to an experiment without them.Grado en Ingeniería Informátic

Aerodynamic models for finite flapping wings at low Reynolds numbers

This thesis explores the validity of employing quasi-steady aerodynamic models to predict the forces generated by finite flapping wings at low Reynolds numbers. To this end, an actuator disk analysis (momentum theory) and a blade element method are implemented to compute the aerodynamic forces on flapping wings in two flight regimes: forward flight and hover. The actuator disk analysis is used to estimate an average value of the flow velocity induced by the wing motion. This is then considered by the blade element method along with the geometry and kinematics of the wing to compute the spanwise forces according to an available quasisteady aerodynamic model. Since the induced velocity is dependent on the aerodynamic forces, the problem is solved in an iterative manner. Four different empirical aerodynamic models are considered: Dickinson et al. (1996), Wang et al. (2003), Dickson and Dickinson (2004), and Moriche (2017). The predictions of the models are compared to results obtained with direct numerical simulations (DNS) for the same kinematic cases. An analysis of the prediction accuracy of each model is provided as well as a proposal of some general guidelines regarding further investigation into quasi-steady aerodynamic models.Grado en Ingeniería Aeroespacia

Parliamentary speakership: from individual speakership to the collective direction of parliamentary work

The article explains the evolution of the parliamentary speakership in different countries of continental Europe in the XIX and XX centuries. The text focuses on three questions in order to define how the speakership was shaped in the parliaments that emerged from the liberal revolution: the procedure by which the speaker was elected, the duration of his mandate and his functions. Starting from the definition of the initial model, it analyzes how after the II World War the direction of parliamentary work evolved towards a shared model involving three bodies. These were the speakership itself, the bureau of the chamber and the conference of presidents of the parliamentary groups, with functions delimited among the three bodies and the speakership maintaining those competencies that had necessarily to be performed by a unipersonal bod

The First Carlis War form the Basque nationalist ideology

[ES] La Historiografía sobre el carlismo se ha centrado en el análisis de las obras académicas, sin fijarse en textos (tales como folletos de divulgación, discursos políticos o escritos periodísticos que tienen una mayor transcendencia en la formación de la cultura y de la ideología popular. El presente trabajo se centra, desde el punto de vista de los contenidos en tres elementos fundamentales del conflicto (génesis de la guerra, empresa de Muñagorri y Paz de Bergara) que hacen referencia a la cuestión foral; y en el tratamiento de la figura de Zumalacarregui, convertido en héroe de la idea nacional vasca.[FR] L’hsitoriographie sur le Carlisle s’est focalisée sur l’anlyse des ouvrages académiques, sans se fixer sur des textes (tels que prospectus, discours politiques ou écrits journalistiques) que ont un grad influence sur la formation de la culture et de l’ideologie populaire. Ce travail est axé, d’un point de vue des contenus, sur tris élements fondamentaux du conflit (genése de la guerre, Enterprise de Muñagorri et Paix de Bergara) que font réfe3rence á la question forale ; et sur le traitement de la figure de Zumalacarregui, convertif en héros de lídeé national basque.Peer reviewe

Hacia una definición del cómic ¿La historieta como literatura? Estado de la cuestión

30 p. -- Bibliogr.: p. 26-30[ES] El siguiente trabajo tiene como finalidad abordar el debate de si es o no es el cómic un objeto literario. Se pretende plantear el estado de la cuestión de acuerdo con la opinión de distintos académicos, literatos y, finalmente, la propia autora, que se sitúa a favor de considerar la historieta como literatura. Se ha optado por emplear los términos «cómic» e «historieta» para referirse tanto a las obras como al propio género que nos atañe.[EN] The object of this study is to address the debate on whether is or is not comic literature. It is intended to raise the state of the question in accordance with the opinion of different academics, writers and, finally, the author herself, who is in favour of considering comics as literature. The present work will use the terms «comic» and «historieta» to refer to both, the works and the genre that concerns us.[EUS] Ikerketa honen xedea eztabaida bati aurre egitea da: ea komikia literatura den edo ez den. Debatearen egoera akademiko, idazle eta, azkenik, egilearen beraren iritzien bitartez planteatuko da. Azken horrek komikia literatura gisa ulertuko du. «Komiki» eta «historieta» terminoak erabiliko dira dagozkigun, bai komiki–lanak, bai generoa bera aipatzeko.[FRE] L'objet de cette étude est d'aborder le débat sur la question de savoir si la bande dessinée est ou non un genre littéraire. Il vise à poser la problématique en fonction de l'opinion de différents universitaires, écrivains et, finalement, de l'auteur elle–même, qui considère la bande dessinée comme de la littérature. Nous avons choisi d’utiliser les termes «comic» et «historieta» pour désigner à la fois les œuvres et le genre qui nous concerne.[ITA] Il seguente lavoro si propone di affrontare il dibattito sul fatto che il fumetto sia o meno un oggetto letterario. Si intende sollevare lo stato della questione in accordo con l'opinione di diversi accademici, scrittori e, infine, la stessa autrice, che è favorevole a considerare il fumetto come letteratura. Abbiamo scelto di utilizzare i termini «comic» e «historieta» per riferirci sia alle opere che al genere che ci riguarda.[JPN] 本研究レポートの意図はコミックが文学作品かどうかを調査したものである、この議論点を様々な大学院研究者、作家に見解を求め、さらに『コミックス作品は文学作品だ』という筆者の見解にも基づいて検証され。 『コミック』と『historieta』という言葉はコミック作品事態、そして一般的なジャンル名としても用いられることになった

The right to privacy whithin criminal investigations: an approach from Strasbourg

The final degree paper analyzes the protection to the right to privacy within the criminal investigation process. During the investigations, the right to privacy of the suspect might be in danger due to the necessity of obtaining evidences for the future trial. For assessing the limits of the right to privacy in this purpose, the rules established by the European Convention of Human Rights and the interpretation of the Strasbourg Court will be taken into accoun

The right to privacy whithin criminal investigations: an approach from Strasbourg

The final degree paper analyzes the protection to the right to privacy within the criminal investigation process. During the investigations, the right to privacy of the suspect might be in danger due to the necessity of obtaining evidences for the future trial. For assessing the limits of the right to privacy in this purpose, the rules established by the European Convention of Human Rights and the interpretation of the Strasbourg Court will be taken into accoun

Descripción del estado adulto de Cercobrachys peruanicus (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae)

Adults of both sexes of Cercobrachys peruanicus Soldán are described for the first time and the genus and species are reported from Bolivia. Diagnoses, illustrations, and environmental data are provided. Adults of C. peruanicus can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: many (8–16) cross veins in the fore wings, penes lobes completely fused, with posterior margin straight, and styliger plate with a broad median emargination posteriorly.Cercobrachys peruanicus Soldán are described for the first time and the genus and species are reported from Bolivia. Diagnoses, illustrations, and environmental data are provided. Adults of C. peruanicus can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: many (8–16) cross veins in the fore wings, penes lobes completely fused, with posterior margin straight, and styliger plate with a broad median emargination posteriorly.C. peruanicus can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: many (8–16) cross veins in the fore wings, penes lobes completely fused, with posterior margin straight, and styliger plate with a broad median emargination posteriorly.can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: many (8–16) cross veins in the fore wings, penes lobes completely fused, with posterior margin straight, and styliger plate with a broad median emargination posteriorly.Fil: Molineri, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical; ArgentinaFil: Goitia, Edgar. Universidad Mayor de San Simón; Bolivi