Analysis of long-term statistical data of cobalt flows in the EU

Long-term statistical data was explored, acquired, processed, and analysed in order to assess the historical domestic production and international trade of a number of cobalt-containing commodities in the EU. Different data sources were examined for data, such as the British Geological Survey (BGS), the US Geological Survey (USGS), and the Eurostat and UN Comtrade (UNC) databases, considering all EU-member states before and after they joined the EU. For the international trade, hidden flows related to data gaps such as data reported in monetary value or recorded as “special category” were identified and included in the analysis. In addition, data from the Finnish customs database (ULJAS) was used to complement flows reported by Eurostat and UNC. From UNC, data was obtained considering the member states as reporters or as partners of the trade, due to internal differences of the database. Based on the acquired data the domestic production and international trade of the commodities were reconstructed for the timeframes 1938–2018 and 1988–2018, respectively. Next to the analysis of the trend of the production and trade of the different commodities, the importance of including hidden flows was revealed, where hidden flows represented more than 50% of the flow of a year in some cases. In addition, it was identified that even from reliable data sources, strong differences (more than 100% in some cases) can be found in the reported data, which is crucial to consider when utilizing the data in research

Quistes de Tarlov sintomáticos: diagnóstico y tratamiento

Los quistes de Tarlov se forman a expensas de la duramadre y de la aracnoides alrededor de las raíces sacras o coccígeas. Habitualmente asintomáticos, en ocasiones pueden ocasionar clínica álgica de irritación radicular. El desarrollo de técnicas de imagen, principalmente la resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN), permiten diagnosticarlos con más frecuencia, aunque determinar si son responsables de los síntomas de los pacientes continúa siendo difícil. El tratamiento inicial es conservador mediante analgésicos convencionales y fisioterapia. En caso de quistes sintomáticos de gran tamaño, sin respuesta al tratamiento inicial, puede ser necesario el tratamiento quirúrgico mediante drenaje percutáneo guiado bajo control de la tomografía axial computerizada (TAC), o bien mediante una técnica abierta que permita la eliminación del quiste y la descompresión del nervio. Describimos dos casos clínicos en pacientes con clínica de neuralgia por atrapamiento de las raíces nerviosas lumbosacras, un paciente tratado con infiltración periradicular y otro que requirió un drenaje percutáneo con buen resultado final.Tarlov cysts are formed of the dura mater and the arachnoid around the sacral or coccygeal roots. Usually asymptomatic, they can occasionally cause clinical radicular irritation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permit to diagnose them more often, but whether they are responsible for the symptoms remains difficult. The initial treatment is conservative with conventional analgesics and physiotherapy. In case of large symptomatic cysts, with no response to initial treatment may require surgical therapy: a guided percutaneous drainage under computerized tomography (CT) control, or by an open technique that allows removal of the cyst and nerve decompression. We describe two cases in patients with symptomatic neuralgia due to entrapment of lumbosacral nerve roots. One patient treated with periradicular infiltration and another that required percutaneous drainage with good final outcome

Total and monthly yields of forage oat cultivars in different locations in the South and Southeast of Brazil.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the total and monthly yield of black (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and white (Avena sativa L.) oat cultivars in South and Southeast of Brazil, in order to identify the materials with the greatest potential and better production profile for each location

Ensemble random forest filter: An alternative to the ensemble Kalman filter for inverse modeling

[EN] The ensemble random forest filter (ERFF) is presented as an alternative to the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for inverse modeling. The EnKF is a data assimilation approach that forecasts and updates parameter estimates sequentially in time as observations are collected. The updating step is based on the experimental covariances computed from an ensemble of realizations, and the updates are given as linear combinations of the differences between observations and forecasted system state values. The ERFF replaces the linear combination in the update step with a non-linear function represented by a random forest. This way, the non-linear relationships between the parameters to be updated and the observations can be captured, and a better update produced. The ERFF is demonstrated for log-conductivity identification from piezometric head observations in several scenarios with varying degrees of heterogeneity (log-conductivity variances going from 1 up to 6.25 (ln m/d)2), number of realizations in the ensemble (50 or 100), and number of piezometric head observations (18 or 36). In all scenarios, the ERFF works well, reconstructing the log-conductivity spatial heterogeneity while matching the observed piezometric heads at selected control points. For benchmarking purposes, the ERFF is compared to the restart EnKF to find that the ERFF is superior to the EnKF for the number of ensemble realizations used (small in typical EnKF applications). Only when the number of realizations grows to 500 the restart EnKF can match the performance of the ERFF, albeit at more than double the computational cost.The authors acknowledge grant PID2019-109131RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and project InTheMED, which is part of the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 1923.A. Godoy, V.; Napa-García, GF.; Gómez-Hernández, JJ. (2022). Ensemble random forest filter: An alternative to the ensemble Kalman filter for inverse modeling. Journal of Hydrology. 615:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.12864211361

Hallazgo de una nueva columna miliaria perteneciente a la Via Augusta

By means of this article we let you know about the discovery of a new milliary column which belonged to the Roman Via Augusta. It has been found in the environs of La Torrecilla industrial area close to Córdoba. Its chronology based upon epigraphic analysis allow us to date it in the early years of Nero mandate.Mediante este artículo damos a conocer una nueva columna miliaria correspondiente a la Via Augusta y hallada en las inmediaciones del Polígono Industrial de La Torrecilla. Su cronología, basada en el análisis epigráfico, nos permite adjudicarla al emperador Nerón, en los primeros años de su mandato

Quantum Multibaker Maps: Extreme Quantum Regime

We introduce a family of models for quantum mechanical, one-dimensional random walks, called quantum multibaker maps (QMB). These are Weyl quantizations of the classical multibaker models previously considered by Gaspard, Tasaki and others. Depending on the properties of the phases parametrizing the quantization, we consider only two classes of the QMB maps: uniform and random. Uniform QMB maps are characterized by phases which are the same in every unit cell of the multibaker chain. Random QMB maps have phases that vary randomly from unit cell to unit cell. The eigenstates in the former case are extended while in the latter they are localized. In the uniform case and for large $\hbar$, analytic solutions can be obtained for the time dependent quantum states for periodic chains and for open chains with absorbing boundary conditions. Steady state solutions and the properties of the relaxation to a steady state for a uniform QMB chain in contact with ``particle'' reservoirs can also be described analytically. The analytical results are consistent with, and confirmed by, results obtained from numerical methods. We report here results for the deep quantum regime (large $\hbar$) of the uniform QMB, as well as some results for the random QMB. We leave the moderate and small $\hbar$ results as well as further consideration of the other versions of the QMB for further publications.Comment: 17 pages, referee's and editor's comments addresse

Large Differences in Small RNA Composition Between Human Biofluids.

Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) and other small RNAs are implicated in cellular communication and may be useful as disease biomarkers. We systematically compared small RNAs in 12 human biofluid types using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). miRNAs and tRNA-derived RNAs (tDRs) accounted for the majority of mapped reads in all biofluids, but the ratio of miRNA to tDR reads varied from 72 in plasma to 0.004 in bile. miRNA levels were highly correlated across all biofluids, but levels of some miRNAs differed markedly between biofluids. tDR populations differed extensively between biofluids. Y RNA fragments were seen in all biofluids and accounted for >10% of reads in blood plasma, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Reads mapping exclusively to Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) were very rare, except in seminal plasma. These results demonstrate extensive differences in small RNAs between human biofluids and provide a useful resource for investigating extracellular RNA biology and developing biomarkers

Processamento de amido de pinhão.

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