25 research outputs found

    Updated trends of the stratospheric ozone vertical distribution in the 60° S–60° N latitude range based on the LOTUS regression model

    Get PDF
    This study presents an updated evaluation of stratospheric ozone profile trends in the 60° S–60° N latitude range over the 2000–2020 period using an updated version of the Long-term Ozone Trends and Uncertainties in the Stratosphere (LOTUS) regression model that was used to evaluate such trends up to 2016 for the last WMO Ozone Assessment (2018). In addition to the derivation of detailed trends as a function of latitude and vertical coordinates, the regressions are performed with the datasets averaged over broad latitude bands, i.e. 60–35° S, 20° S–20° N and 35–60° N. The same methodology as in the last assessment is applied to combine trends in these broad latitude bands in order to compare the results with the previous studies. Longitudinally resolved merged satellite records are also considered in order to provide a better comparison with trends retrieved from ground-based records, e.g. lidar, ozonesondes, Umkehr, microwave and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers at selected stations where long-term time series are available. The study includes a comparison with trends derived from the REF-C2 simulations of the Chemistry Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1). This work confirms past results showing an ozone increase in the upper stratosphere, which is now significant in the three broad latitude bands. The increase is largest in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes, with ∌2.2 ± 0.7 % per decade at ∌2.1 hPa and ∌2.1 ± 0.6 % per decade at ∌3.2 hPa respectively compared to ∌1.6 ± 0.6 % per decade at ∌2.6 hPa in the tropics. New trend signals have emerged from the records, such as a significant decrease in ozone in the tropics around 35 hPa and a non-significant increase in ozone in the southern midlatitudes at about 20 hPa. Non-significant negative ozone trends are derived in the lowermost stratosphere, with the most pronounced trends in the tropics. While a very good agreement is obtained between trends from merged satellite records and the CCMI-1 REF-C2 simulation in the upper stratosphere, observed negative trends in the lower stratosphere are not reproduced by models at southern and, in particular, at northern midlatitudes, where models report an ozone increase. However, the lower-stratospheric trend uncertainties are quite large, for both measured and modelled trends. Finally, 2000–2020 stratospheric ozone trends derived from the ground-based and longitudinally resolved satellite records are in reasonable agreement over the European Alpine and tropical regions, while at the Lauder station in the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes they show some differences

    An update on ozone profile trends for the period 2000 to 2016

    Get PDF
    Ozone profile trends over the period 2000 to 2016 from several merged satellite ozone data sets and from ground-based data measured by four techniques at stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change indicate significant ozone increases in the upper stratosphere, between 35 and 48 km altitude (5 and 1 hPa). Near 2 hPa (42 km), ozone has been increasing by about 1.5 % per decade in the tropics (20° S to 20° N), and by 2 to 2.5 % per decade in the 35 to 60° latitude bands of both hemispheres. At levels below 35 km (5 hPa), 2000 to 2016 ozone trends are smaller and not statistically significant. The observed trend profiles are consistent with expectations from chemistry climate model simulations. This study confirms positive trends of upper stratospheric ozone already reported, e.g., in the WMO/UNEP Ozone Assessment 2014 or by Harris et al. (2015). Compared to those studies, three to four additional years of observations, updated and improved data sets with reduced drift, and the fact that nearly all individual data sets indicate ozone increase in the upper stratosphere, all give enhanced confidence. Uncertainties have been reduced, for example for the trend near 2 hPa in the 35 to 60° latitude bands from about ±5 % (2σ) in Harris et al. (2015) to less than ±2 % (2σ). Nevertheless, a thorough analysis of possible drifts and differences between various data sources is still required, as is a detailed attribution of the observed increases to declining ozone-depleting substances and to stratospheric cooling. Ongoing quality observations from multiple independent platforms are key for verifying that recovery of the ozone layer continues as expected

    Updated trends of the stratospheric ozone vertical distribution in the 60° S–60° N latitude range based on the LOTUS regression model

    Get PDF
    peer reviewedAbstract. This study presents an updated evaluation of stratospheric ozone profile trends in the 60∘ S–60Âș N latitude range over the 2000–2020 period using an updated version of the Long-term Ozone Trends and Uncertainties in the Stratosphere (LOTUS) regression model that was used to evaluate such trends up to 2016 for the last WMO Ozone Assessment (2018). In addition to the derivation of detailed trends as a function of latitude and vertical coordinates, the regressions are performed with the datasets averaged over broad latitude bands, i.e. 60–35Âș S, 20Âș S–20Âș N and 35–60Âș N. The same methodology as in the last assessment is applied to combine trends in these broad latitude bands in order to compare the results with the previous studies. Longitudinally resolved merged satellite records are also considered in order to provide a better comparison with trends retrieved from ground-based records, e.g. lidar, ozonesondes, Umkehr, microwave and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers at selected stations where long-term time series are available. The study includes a comparison with trends derived from the REF-C2 simulations of the Chemistry Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1). This work confirms past results showing an ozone increase in the upper stratosphere, which is now significant in the three broad latitude bands. The increase is largest in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes, with ∌2.2 ± 0.7 % per decade at ∌2.1 hPa and ∌2.1 ± 0.6 % per decade at ∌3.2 hPa respectively compared to ∌1.6 ± 0.6 % per decade at ∌2.6 hPa in the tropics. New trend signals have emerged from the records, such as a significant decrease in ozone in the tropics around 35 hPa and a non-significant increase in ozone in the southern midlatitudes at about 20 hPa. Non-significant negative ozone trends are derived in the lowermost stratosphere, with the most pronounced trends in the tropics. While a very good agreement is obtained between trends from merged satellite records and the CCMI-1 REF-C2 simulation in the upper stratosphere, observed negative trends in the lower stratosphere are not reproduced by models at southern and, in particular, at northern midlatitudes, where models report an ozone increase. However, the lower-stratospheric trend uncertainties are quite large, for both measured and modelled trends. Finally, 2000–2020 stratospheric ozone trends derived from the ground-based and longitudinally resolved satellite records are in reasonable agreement over the European Alpine and tropical regions, while at the Lauder station in the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes they show some differences

    How Certain are We of the Uncertainties in Recent Ozone Profile Trend Assessments of Merged Limbo Ccultation Records? Challenges and Possible Ways Forward

    Get PDF
    Most recent assessments of long-term changes in the vertical distribution of ozone (by e.g. WMO and SI2N) rely on data sets that integrate observations by multiple instruments. Several merged satellite ozone profile records have been developed over the past few years; each considers a particular set of instruments and adopts a particular merging strategy. Their intercomparison by Tummon et al. revealed that the current merging schemes are not sufficiently refined to correct for all major differences between the limb/occultation records. This shortcoming introduces uncertainties that need to be known to obtain a sound interpretation of the different satellite-based trend studies. In practice however, producing realistic uncertainty estimates is an intricate task which depends on a sufficiently detailed understanding of the characteristics of each contributing data record and on the subsequent interplay and propagation of these through the merging scheme. Our presentation discusses these challenges in the context of limb/occultation ozone profile records, but they are equally relevant for other instruments and atmospheric measurements. We start by showing how the NDACC and GAW-affiliated ground-based networks of ozonesonde and lidar instruments allowed us to characterize fourteen limb/occultation ozone profile records, together providing a global view over the last three decades. Our prime focus will be on techniques to estimate long-term drift since our results suggest this is the main driver of the major trend differences between the merged data sets. The single-instrument drift estimates are then used for a tentative estimate of the systematic uncertainty in the profile trends from merged data records. We conclude by reflecting on possible further steps needed to improve the merging algorithms and to obtain a better characterization of the uncertainties involved

    Le programme d'appui aux communes du Sénégal

    No full text
    The future of African cities The impoverishment of the African continent and the crisis of its nation-States are leading the World Bank towards specific aid programmes for local authorities.L'appauvrissement du continent africain et la crise de ses Etats-nations conduisent la Banque Mondiale à des programmes d'aide spécifiques aux collectivités locales.Farvacque-Vitkovic Catherine, Godin Lucien. Le programme d'appui aux communes du Sénégal. In: Les Annales de la recherche urbaine, N°86, 2000. Développements et coopérations. pp. 126-131

    Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques liĂ©es Ă  la pandĂ©mie COVID-19 des mĂ©decins au Burkina Faso - EnquĂȘtes 1, 2 et 3 : septembre 2020 - dĂ©cembre 2020 – fĂ©vrier 2021

    No full text
    CAP-CoV-BF – Une enquĂȘte nationale sur les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques liĂ©es Ă  la pandĂ©mie COVID-19 des mĂ©decins au Burkina FasoLes mĂ©decins, premiĂšres personnes exposĂ©es et victimes des Ă©pidĂ©mies, sont au cƓur des dispositifs de riposte Ă  l’épidĂ©mie de Covid-19. L’étude CAP-CoV-BF s’est concentrĂ©e exclusivement sur ces maillons essentiels de la lutte contre la Covid-19 au Burkina Faso. Leur comprĂ©hension de la maladie, l’impact de la maladie sur leurs pratiques professionnelles, leur accĂšs au matĂ©riel de protection, les rĂ©percussions sur leur vie personnelle, etc. sont autant d’aspects diffĂ©rents qui peuvent impacter directement les mesures de santĂ© publiques prises par les autoritĂ©s nationales.Une enquĂȘte tĂ©lĂ©phonique en 3 vagues, entre septembre 2020 et fĂ©vrier 2021Une enquĂȘte quantitative transversale par tĂ©lĂ©phone a Ă©tĂ© mise en place, menĂ©e auprĂšs d’un Ă©chantillon reprĂ©sentatif d’environ 200 mĂ©decins sur l’ensemble du territoire burkinabĂš. Elle a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©e 3 fois, Ă  un intervalle rĂ©gulier (environ tous les 2 mois). Cette temporalitĂ© a permis de confronter l’épidĂ©mie Ă  diffĂ©rents stades : alors que le nombre de cas Ă©tait relativement peu important et plutĂŽt stable lors de 1re vague d’enquĂȘte en Septembre 2021, le pays a fait face Ă  un pic Ă©pidĂ©mique en dĂ©cembre 2020 et janvier 2021, qui a eu un impact important sur les mĂ©decins.L’objectif principal de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de fournir aux acteurs nationaux impliquĂ©s dans la gestion de la crise des donnĂ©es probantes rĂ©guliĂšres et reprĂ©sentatives Ă  l’échelle nationale sur les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des mĂ©decins au Burkina Faso

    RĂ©alisation d’une enquĂȘte tĂ©lĂ©phonique rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©e auprĂšs de mĂ©decins burkinabĂ©s en contexte Covid : retour d’expĂ©rience de l’enquĂȘte CAP-CoV-BF

    No full text
    International audienceIntroduction. Les mĂ©decins, premiĂšres personnes exposĂ©es et victimes des Ă©pidĂ©mies, sont au cƓur des dispositifs de riposte Ă  l’épidĂ©mie de Covid-19. Au printemps 2020, au cƓur de la premiĂšre vague Ă©pidĂ©mique, il est apparu essentiel de pouvoir documenter les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques (CAP) de ces maillons essentiels de la lutte contre la Covid-19 au Burkina Faso. Leur comprĂ©hension de la maladie, l’impact de la maladie sur leurs pratiques professionnelles, leur accĂšs au matĂ©riel de protection, etc. sont autant d’aspects qui peuvent impacter directement la santĂ© publique, nĂ©cessitant des prises de mesures par les autoritĂ©s nationales. L’objectif principal de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de fournir aux acteurs nationaux impliquĂ©s dans la gestion de la crise des donnĂ©es probantes rĂ©guliĂšres et reprĂ©sentatives Ă  l’échelle nationale sur les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des mĂ©decins au Burkina Faso.MĂ©thode. L’enquĂȘte CAP-CoV-BF a pu ĂȘtre financĂ©e dans le cadre du programme Aphro-CoV financĂ© par l’Agence Française le DĂ©veloppement et mis en Ɠuvre par le consortium REACTing. Le protocole de l’enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ© en mai et juin 2020 et soumis au ComitĂ© d’Éthique pour la recherche en santĂ© du Burkina Faso en juin 2020. L’enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© approuvĂ©e fin aoĂ»t. L’enquĂȘte CAP-CoV-BF est une sĂ©rie de trois vagues d’enquĂȘtes quantitatives transversales (Ă©chantillons indĂ©pendants) par tĂ©lĂ©phone rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs d’un Ă©chantillon reprĂ©sentatif d’environ 200 mĂ©decins sur l’ensemble du territoire burkinabĂš. Les trois vagues ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es Ă  diffĂ©rents stades de l’épidĂ©mie burkinabĂ© : (i) alors que le nombre de cas Ă©tait relativement peu important et plutĂŽt stable en septembre 2020 ; (ii) dĂ©but dĂ©cembre 2020 alors que le pays faisait face au dĂ©but d’un nouveau pic Ă©pidĂ©mique ; (iii) fin fĂ©vrier 2021 Ă  la fin de la vague Ă©pidĂ©mique ayant dĂ©marrĂ© en dĂ©cembre 2020. La base d’échantillonnage Ă©tait l’annuaire de l’ordre national des mĂ©decins du Burkina Faso (3548 mĂ©decins enregistrĂ©s). RĂ©sultats. Avant chaque vague d’enquĂȘte, 750 mĂ©decins Ă©taient tirĂ©s au sort et recevaient un SMS de prĂ©annonce de l’enquĂȘte. Ils avaient la possibilitĂ© Ă  cette Ă©tape de rĂ©pondre au SMS pour refuser d’ĂȘtre appelĂ© (vague 1 : 0 refus, vague 2 : 7, vague 3 : 9). L’envoi du SMS permettait Ă©galement de vĂ©rifier si les numĂ©ros Ă©taient toujours valides. Parmi les numĂ©ros valides et sans refus, un second Ă©chantillonnage Ă©tait effectuĂ©. Chaque numĂ©ro de tĂ©lĂ©phone mis en production Ă©tait rappelĂ© au moins 5 fois (5 jours Ă  des horaires diffĂ©rents) avant d’ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© comme injoignable. Les refus de participer aprĂšs dĂ©crochage sont restĂ©s relativement limitĂ©s (respectivement 23, 5 et 10). Au final, 166 questionnaires ont Ă©tĂ© complĂ©tĂ© en 15 jours de collecte lors de la premiĂšre enquĂȘte, 190 questionnaires en 13 jours pour la seconde et 203 questionnaires en 13 jours pour la troisiĂšme. Conclusion. Le dispositif d’enquĂȘte a permis de rĂ©aliser en des temps courts et avec un budget limitĂ© une enquĂȘte nationale et reprĂ©sentative des mĂ©decins au Burkina Faso. La passation par tĂ©lĂ©phone a permis Ă  la fois de couvrir l’ensemble du territoire national tout en respectant les procĂ©dures de distanciations en vigueur

    Evaluation of ozone total column and vertical distribution recovering trends at NDACC Northern mid-latitude station

    No full text
    Since the mid-eighties, stratospheric ozone has been monitored at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP - 44°N, 6°E) by a variety of instruments. Ozone total column measurements are provided by Dobson and DOAS spectrometers since respectively 1983 and 1992 while ozone vertical distribution is obtained by lidar, sondes and Umkehr measurements since respectively 1985, 1984 and 1983. In addition to the ozone data obtained at OHP, satellite ozone measurements from SAGE II, MLS and GOMOS are used for the study of the short term and long term evolution of ozone total column and vertical profile at the station. First, the coherence of ozone time series is evaluated from the analysis of the differences with satellite and ground-based coincident ozone records. This analysis shows generally non significant drifts between the various measurements, especially in the 20 - 40 km range. The stratospheric ozone total column and vertical profile trends are then estimated using the equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) time series and two linear trend functions to simulate the change in the trends of ozone depleting substances. To that aim, a multiple linear regression model is used with different explanatory variables such as the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), the Northern Atlantic oscillation (NAO), solar flux, eddy heat flux, stratospheric aerosols optical depth and trend function. The computed trends from the ozone column at OHP indicate a clear signal of ozone recovery after 1997. Likewise, significant positive trends of the ozone vertical distribution are estimated in the 15 - 45 km altitude range after 1997. The influence of the various proxies on the medium and short term ozone variability is also analyzed, indicating that the QBO and eddy heat flux have contributed to the large ozone levels observed in 2010. In the lower stratosphere, the regression model is less efficient in reproducing ozone variability and other proxies are tested such as equivalent latitude in order to represent the advection of polar and tropical air masses over OHP during the winter and springtime

    Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques liĂ©es Ă  la pandĂ©mie COVID-19 des mĂ©decins au Burkina Faso - EnquĂȘtes 1, 2 et 3 : septembre 2020 - dĂ©cembre 2020 – fĂ©vrier 2021

    No full text
    CAP-CoV-BF – Une enquĂȘte nationale sur les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques liĂ©es Ă  la pandĂ©mie COVID-19 des mĂ©decins au Burkina FasoLes mĂ©decins, premiĂšres personnes exposĂ©es et victimes des Ă©pidĂ©mies, sont au cƓur des dispositifs de riposte Ă  l’épidĂ©mie de Covid-19. L’étude CAP-CoV-BF s’est concentrĂ©e exclusivement sur ces maillons essentiels de la lutte contre la Covid-19 au Burkina Faso. Leur comprĂ©hension de la maladie, l’impact de la maladie sur leurs pratiques professionnelles, leur accĂšs au matĂ©riel de protection, les rĂ©percussions sur leur vie personnelle, etc. sont autant d’aspects diffĂ©rents qui peuvent impacter directement les mesures de santĂ© publiques prises par les autoritĂ©s nationales.Une enquĂȘte tĂ©lĂ©phonique en 3 vagues, entre septembre 2020 et fĂ©vrier 2021Une enquĂȘte quantitative transversale par tĂ©lĂ©phone a Ă©tĂ© mise en place, menĂ©e auprĂšs d’un Ă©chantillon reprĂ©sentatif d’environ 200 mĂ©decins sur l’ensemble du territoire burkinabĂš. Elle a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©e 3 fois, Ă  un intervalle rĂ©gulier (environ tous les 2 mois). Cette temporalitĂ© a permis de confronter l’épidĂ©mie Ă  diffĂ©rents stades : alors que le nombre de cas Ă©tait relativement peu important et plutĂŽt stable lors de 1re vague d’enquĂȘte en Septembre 2021, le pays a fait face Ă  un pic Ă©pidĂ©mique en dĂ©cembre 2020 et janvier 2021, qui a eu un impact important sur les mĂ©decins.L’objectif principal de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de fournir aux acteurs nationaux impliquĂ©s dans la gestion de la crise des donnĂ©es probantes rĂ©guliĂšres et reprĂ©sentatives Ă  l’échelle nationale sur les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des mĂ©decins au Burkina Faso
    corecore