FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA DI DESA RATATOTOK TIMUR

ISPA merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit menular di dunia. Hampir empat juta orang meninggal akibat ISPA setiap tahun, 98%-nya disebabkan oleh infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah. Cakupan penemuan penderita Ispa khususnya pneumonia pada Bayi dan Balita di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara untuk tahun 2015 sebanyak 812 kasus dan untuk tahun 2016 sebanyak 635 kasus (3,04 %). Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara juga target tertinggi 994 balita dengan jumlah penderita ISPA khususnya Pneumonia yang ditemukan sebanyak 107 kasus (Profil Kesehatan Sulawesi Utara 2016). Berdasarkan data dari Puskesmas Ratatotok terdapat 196 kasus ISPA pada balita sampai dari Januari-Agustus 2020. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kepadatan hunian dengan kejadian penyakit ISPA pada balita dan Untuk mengetahui kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian penyakit ISPA pada balita. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 60 Balita, dengan sampel kasus 30 balita dan sampel kontrol 30 balita. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan kepadatan hunian beresiko terhadap kejadian Ispa pada Balita dengan nilai p=0,002 dan Merokok tidak beresiko terhadap kejadian Ispa pada Balita dengan nilai p=0,161. Kesimpulannya Kepadatan Hunian beresiko terhadap kejadian Ispa pada Balita sedangkan Merokok tidak beresiko terhadap kejadian Ispa pada Balita.Saran, masyarakat diharapkan agar dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya  masalah penyakit ISPA, faktor penyebab dan dampak yang dapat terjadi karena ISPA  Kata kunci : ISPA, Kepadatan Hunian, Merokok  ABSTRACTARI is the main cause of morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases in the world. Nearly four million people die from ARI each year, 98% of them are caused by lower respiratory tract infections. The coverage of detection of ARD patients, especially pneumonia in infants and toddlers in North Sulawesi Province for 2015 was 812 cases and for 2016 as many as 635 cases (3.04%). Southeast Minahasa Regency is also the highest target of 994 children under five with the number of ARI patients, especially pneumonia, which were found as many as 107 cases (Health Profile of North Sulawesi 2016). Based on data from Puskesmas Ratatotok, there were 196 cases of ARI in toddlers from January to August 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the occupancy density with the incidence of ARI disease in children under five and to determine smoking habits with the incidence of ARI disease in toddlers. This type of research is a descriptive analytic study with a case control approach. The population and sample in this study were 60 toddlers, with a case sample of 30 under fives and a control sample of 30 under fives. The results showed that occupancy density was at risk for the incidence of ARD in underfives with p value = 0.002 and smoking was not at risk for the incidence of ARI in underfives with p value = 0.161. The conclusion is that the occupancy density is at risk for the incidence of ARD in toddlers while smoking is not at risk for the incidence of ARD in toddlers. Suggestions, the community is expected to increase knowledge about the importance of the problem of ARI disease, the causes and impacts that can occur due to ARI. Keywords : ARI, Occupancy density, Smoke

Karakteristik Kualitas Pengajar Berdasarkan Faktor Mutu Pelayanan Di Jurusan Matematika FMIPA UNSRAT Menggunakan Analisis Biplot

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan faktor penentu mutu pelayanan tenaga pengajar di Jurusan Matematika FMIPA UNSRAT menggunakan analasis biplot. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari 377 peserta 28 matakuliah untuk 18 dosen (DS1, DS2, DS3, DS4, DS5, DS6, DS7, DS8, DS9, DS10, DS11, DS12, DS13, DS14, DS15, DS16, DS17, DS18) pada semester genap TA 2011/2012. Data diambil pada Bulan Mei di Jurusan Matematika FMIPA UNSRAT. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa dosen-dosen yang dikategorikan memiliki mutu yang relatif sama unggul terhadap faktor mutu pelayanan adalah DS1, DS2, DS3, DS4, DS6, DS11, dan DS12. Objek-objek yang memiliki mutu yang relatif sama tidak unggul terhadap faktor mutu pelayanan adalah DS5, DS7, DS8, DS9, DS10, DS13, DS14, DS15, DS16, DS17 dan DS18.The objective of this research was describe service quality factor of lectures at department of mathematics FMIPA UNSRAT using biplot analysis. The data used primary data collected from 377 students of 28 subjects for 18 lecturers (DS1, DS2, DS3, DS4, DS5, DS6, DS7, DS8, DS9, DS10, DS11, DS12, DS13, DS14, DS15, DS16, DS17, DS18) in the second semester 2011/2012. Data were taken in May at department of mathematics FMIPA UNSRAT. The results showed that lecturer who categorized relatively superior quality to service quality factors are DS1, DS2, DS3, DS4, DS6, DS11 and DS12. Then the lecturer who categorized relatively not superior quality to service quality factors are DS5, DS7, DS8, DS9, DS10, DS13, DS14, DS15, DS16, DS17 and DS18

Adaptive Dispersion Compensation for Remote Fiber Delivery of NIR Femtosecond Pulses

We report on remote delivery of 25 pJ broadband near-infrared femtosecond light pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser through 150 meters of single-mode optical fiber. Pulse distortion due to dispersion is overcome with pre-compensation using adaptive pulse shaping techniques, while nonlinearities are mitigated using an SF10 rod for the final stage of pulse compression. Near transform limited pulse duration of 130 fs is measured after the final compression.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure

How different cultures look at faces depends on the interpersonal context

Culture can influence how we see and experience the world, and recent research shows that it even determines how we look at each other. Yet, most of these laboratory studies use images of faces that are deprived of any social context. In the real world, we do not only look at people’s faces to perceive who they are, but also in order to signal information back to them. It is unknown, therefore, within which interpersonal contexts cultural differences in looking at faces emerge. In the current study, we manipulated one aspect of the interpersonal context of faces: whether the target face either established mutual gaze looking directly into the camera as if talking to the viewer, or averted gaze slightly to the side as if talking to another person. East Asian and Western participants viewed target face videos while their eye movements were recorded. If cultural differences are exclusively related to encoding information from others, interpersonal context should not matter. However, if cultural differences are also the result of culturally specific expectations about how to appropriately interact with another person, then cultural differences should be modulated by whether the speaker seemingly addresses the viewer or another person. In support of the second hypothesis, we only find cultural differences in looking at faces in the mutual gaze condition. We speculate that cultural norms surrounding the use of gaze as a social signal may underlie previous findings of cultural differences in face perception

Thermal neutron capture cross section of the radioactive isotope Fe 60

Background: Fifty percent of the heavy element abundances are produced via slow neutron capture reactions in different stellar scenarios. The underlying nucleosynthesis models need the input of neutron capture cross sections. Purpose: One of the fundamental signatures for active nucleosynthesis in our galaxy is the observation of long-lived radioactive isotopes, such as Fe60 with a half-life of 2.60×106 yr. To reproduce this γ activity in the universe, the nucleosynthesis of Fe60 has to be understood reliably. Methods: An Fe60 sample produced at the Paul Scherrer Institut (Villigen, Switzerland) was activated with thermal and epithermal neutrons at the research reactor at the Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (Mainz, Germany). Results: The thermal neutron capture cross section has been measured for the first time to σth=0.226(-0.049+0.044)b. An upper limit of σRI<0.50b could be determined for the resonance integral. Conclusions: An extrapolation towards the astrophysically interesting energy regime between kT=10 and 100 keV illustrates that the s-wave part of the direct capture component can be neglected

Mapping the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium signaling in cellular neural networks using optical flow

An optical flow gradient algorithm was applied to spontaneously forming net- works of neurons and glia in culture imaged by fluorescence optical microscopy in order to map functional calcium signaling with single pixel resolution. Optical flow estimates the direction and speed of motion of objects in an image between subsequent frames in a recorded digital sequence of images (i.e. a movie). Computed vector field outputs by the algorithm were able to track the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium signaling pat- terns. We begin by briefly reviewing the mathematics of the optical flow algorithm, and then describe how to solve for the displacement vectors and how to measure their reliability. We then compare computed flow vectors with manually estimated vectors for the progression of a calcium signal recorded from representative astrocyte cultures. Finally, we applied the algorithm to preparations of primary astrocytes and hippocampal neurons and to the rMC-1 Muller glial cell line in order to illustrate the capability of the algorithm for capturing different types of spatiotemporal calcium activity. We discuss the imaging requirements, parameter selection and threshold selection for reliable measurements, and offer perspectives on uses of the vector data.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures. Peer reviewed accepted version in press in Annals of Biomedical Engineerin

Penyuluhan Disiplin Protokol Kesehatan Covid-19 di Desa Lonuo Kecamatan Tilongkabila Kabupaten Bone Bolango Provinsi Gorontalo

Face-to-face learning implemented by the government raises parents concerns because theCovid-19 pandemic isn't over yet. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase awareness of health and improve health protocol discipline for Covid-19 prevention inLonuo Village, Tilongkabila Sub District, Bone Bolango Regency. The target of this program is elementary school and kindergarten students. The methods used in this community service program are socialization of the Covid-19 disease,health protocol discipline, distribution of masks, hand sanitizers, and leaflets, practicing good and correct hand washing, and coloring pictures by kindergarten and preschool students. The number of participants in this community service is 80 students in Lonuo Village, Tilongkabila Sub District, Bone Bolango Regency. The implementation of this program raised a positive response from teachers, students and the student’s parents. They need information about COVID-19 and life patterns during the pandemic. This program is expected to reduce parental concerns in re-implementing face-to-face learning. This program is expected to provide benefits for schools in increasing student obedience to comply health protocols

A putative relay circuit providing low-threshold mechanoreceptive input to lamina I projection neurons via vertical cells in lamina II of the rat dorsal horn

Background: Lamina I projection neurons respond to painful stimuli, and some are also activated by touch or hair movement. Neuropathic pain resulting from peripheral nerve damage is often associated with tactile allodynia (touch-evoked pain), and this may result from increased responsiveness of lamina I projection neurons to non-noxious mechanical stimuli. It is thought that polysynaptic pathways involving excitatory interneurons can transmit tactile inputs to lamina I projection neurons, but that these are normally suppressed by inhibitory interneurons. Vertical cells in lamina II provide a potential route through which tactile stimuli can activate lamina I projection neurons, since their dendrites extend into the region where tactile afferents terminate, while their axons can innervate the projection cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether vertical cell dendrites were contacted by the central terminals of low-threshold mechanoreceptive primary afferents. Results: We initially demonstrated contacts between dendritic spines of vertical cells that had been recorded in spinal cord slices and axonal boutons containing the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), which is expressed by myelinated low-threshold mechanoreceptive afferents. To confirm that the VGLUT1 boutons included primary afferents, we then examined vertical cells recorded in rats that had received injections of cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) into the sciatic nerve. We found that over half of the VGLUT1 boutons contacting the vertical cells were CTb-immunoreactive, indicating that they were of primary afferent origin. Conclusions: These results show that vertical cell dendritic spines are frequently contacted by the central terminals of myelinated low-threshold mechanoreceptive afferents. Since dendritic spines are associated with excitatory synapses, it is likely that most of these contacts were synaptic. Vertical cells in lamina II are therefore a potential route through which tactile afferents can activate lamina I projection neurons, and this pathway could play a role in tactile allodynia

Experimental evidence for a light and broad scalar resonance in D+→π−π+π+D^+\to \pi^-\pi^+\pi^+ decay

From a sample of $1172 \pm 61$ $D^+ \to \pi^- \pi^+ \pi^+$ decay, we find $\Gamma (D^+ \to \pi^- \pi^+ \pi^+) / \Gamma (D^+ \to K^- \pi^+ \pi^+) = 0.0311 \pm 0.0018 ^{+0.0016}_{-0.0026}$. Using a coherent amplitude analysis to fit the Dalitz plot of this decays, we find strong evidence that a scalar resonance of mass $478^{+24}_{-23} \pm 17$ MeV/$c^2$ and width $324^{+42}_{-40} \pm 21$ MeV/$c^2$ accounts for approximately half of all decays.Comment: 10 pages, 3 eps figure