Features of the macro and microscopic structure of the lungs of a mature rabbit – Oryctolagus cuniculus L. 1758

The macro- and microscopic structure of the lungs of mature rabbits – Oryctolagus cuniculus L., 1758 – European rabbit was studied. This work was performed using comprehensive research methods: anatomical, organometric, histological and histometric. The research was carried out in the conditions of the laboratory of pathomorphology in the Department of Anatomy and Histology. The scientific work was performed on the subject of research work of the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Polissya National University on the theme: “Development, morphology and histochemistry of animal organs in normal and pathological”, according to the state registration number – № 0113V000900. The morphological studies followed the basic rules of Good Laboratory Practice GLP (1981), the provisions of the “General Ethical Principles of Animal Experiments”, adopted by the First National Congress of Bioethics (Kyiv, 2001) and the requirements for the “Rules for carrying out work with experimental animals”, approved by the order of the Ministry of Health № 281 of November 1, 2000 “On measures to further improve the organizational forms of work with the use of experimental animals”. The material for histomorphological studies were pieces of lungs selected from clinically healthy adult rabbits (n = 5). Slices were made from paraffin blocks on a sled microtome MS–2. The thickness of histological sections did not exceed 8–12 μm, which were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Van Gizon to study the morphofunctional activity of cells and tissues of the respiratory tract. Histometric studies of histological specimens were performed using a microscope “Micros” with a digital camera at a magnification of × 100–1000. Studies have shown that macroscopically the lungs of mature rabbits have a reflection of the shape of the thoracic cavity, and gradually expands ventrally. The right and left lungs are surrounded by pleural right and left sacs. The pleural cavities of both lungs in the test animals are not interconnected. Organometry showed that the absolute lung mass of rabbits is 18.05 ± 1.32 g, relative to 0.624 ± 0.013 %. The histoarchitectonics of the lungs is formed by the lung lobes. The respiratory department of the lungs is represented by a set of acinuses. The latter are represented by respiratory bronchioles, alveolar passages, alveolar sacs and alveoli that form the alveolar tree. The results of morphometric studies showed that the respiratory (respiratory) part of the lungs of rabbits occupies 39.6 ± 0.62 %, and the connective tissue base, respectively, 58.5 ± 1.27 %. The average volume of alveoli, which are divided into small, medium and large, is 42.3 ± 4.35 thousand μm3. Thus, studies of the macro- and microscopic structure of the lungs of experimental animals are of great general biological importance, as they are an important criterion for objective assessment for the differential diagnosis of diseases of various origins

Kirlianographic investigation of the anthropogenic factors influence on biota

Kurik M. V., Pesotskay L. A., Glukhova N. V., Nikogosyan L. R. Kirlianographic investigation of the anthropogenic factors influence on biota. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(1):359-368 eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.268736http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4237    The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 754 (09.12.2016).754 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2017;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 02.01.2017. Revised 16.01.2017. Accepted: 24.01.2017. UDK 577.3 KIRLIANOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS INFLUENCE ON BIOTA M. V. Kurik1, L. A. Pesotskay2, N. V. Glukhova3, L. R. Nikogosyan4 1Ukrainian Institute ecology of man, Kyiv; 2 SE “Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of health Ministry of Ukraine”, Dnipro; 3SE “National Mining University”, Dnipro; 4Odessa National Medical University, Odessa SummaryThe energetic interaction between biota objects using kirlianography on film was studied. The positive effect of the Shungite room, unified by green healing clay on the human energy was established. The free-radical reactions in the water spaces followed by photons release in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum which corresponds to the Kirlian glow. The following criteria for water energy conditions evaluation were used: the width of a crown illumination, the clear tape drives presence in it; the coronal inner region characteristics (presence of blackouts, grain). Completed computer analysis based on the histogram of brightness of pixels used methodology flicker noise spectroscopy. According to it the identified natural water as well as the water from the holy sources parameters were compared with the same in distilled water. The influence of thinking on human bioenergy, water and minerals was established.Key words: Kirlian photography, anthropogenic factors, biosphere

The implementation of structural analysis metod for managment in expert systems

This article reveals the problems of system-management by method of structural analysis and synthesis. The multy-agent model with the blocks, considering knowledge model in the expert system is shown. This is an original mechanism, created on the integrated model of collaboration for achievement the desired results with pre-planned indicators of its effectiveness. Expert support involved in the process of innovation at the regional level is initiated by implementing the project activity

Peculiarities of gas-discharge luminescence of biological fluid from the achilles tendon in the late postmortem period

The work was explored the kinetics of the changes in the components of the liquid from Achilles tendon, that occur in the tissue of the Achilles tendon as a result of processes of autolysis, within 2-3, 4-6, 7-9 and 10-20 days post-mortem period. The gas-discharge luminescence of biological fluid was studied on x-ray film. More than 50 droplets for each group were investigated. The histograms were analyzed the brightness of the amplitude peaks in the 7 sub-bands of each sample liquid. Median was determined of the obtained sample values and the difference between the medians of the number of pixels in the current sub-band brightness with of the previous.  The ratio of the differences of the subsequent diapason the previous was established, to assess the rate of change of luminescence intensity. The differences of GR-glow liquid of the Achilles tendon in the compared groups was revealed depending on the time of death. It was established that to use histograms to detect differences and peculiarities in the luminescence of biological objects, could have practical value for solving the question of the time of death. It is appropriate to further study of changes in the content of the various components of corpses' tissues in conjunction with the biophysical studies. This can provide valuable scientific and practical material for the needs of pathomorphology and forensic medicine

Dynamics of GLP-1R peptide agonist engagement are correlated with kinetics of G protein activation

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has broad physiological roles and is a validated target for treatment of metabolic disorders. Despite recent advances in GLP-1R structure elucidation, detailed mechanistic understanding of how different peptides generate profound differences in G protein-mediated signalling is still lacking. Here we combine cryo-electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, receptor mutagenesis and pharmacological assays, to interrogate the mechanism and consequences of GLP-1R binding to four peptide agonists; glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, exendin-4 and exendin-P5. These data reveal that distinctions in peptide N-terminal interactions and dynamics with the GLP-1R transmembrane domain are reciprocally associated with differences in the allosteric coupling to G proteins. In particular, transient interactions with residues at the base of the binding cavity correlate with enhanced kinetics for G protein activation, providing a rationale for differences in G protein-mediated signalling efficacy from distinct agonists

Delineation of Culicoides species by morphology and barcode exemplified by three new species of the subgenus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Scandinavia

BACKGROUND: Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) cause biting nuisance to livestock and humans and are vectors of a range of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Despite their economic significance, the delineation and identification of species where only morphology is considered, as well as the evolutionary relationships between species within this genus remains problematic. In recent years molecular barcoding has assisted substantially in the identification of biting midges in the multiple entomological survey projects which were initiated in many European countries following the bluetongue outbreak in 2006–2009. These studies revealed potentially new species and “species-complexes” with large genetic and morphological variability. Here we use molecular barcoding, together with morphological analysis, to study subgenus Culicoides Latreille from Scandinavia with focus on three potentially new species. METHODS: Biting midges were collected at various sites in Denmark and Sweden. Culicoides specimens were described by variation of a fragment of their cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequence and wing, palp and antennal characters. RESULTS: It is shown that three new species initially separated by DNA barcoding with mitochondrial COI can be distinguished by morphological characters. In this context a key to Scandinavian subgenus Culicoides using wing and maxillary palp characters is presented. The key is including the three new species Culicoides boyi, Culicoides selandicus and Culicoides kalix. CONCLUSION: Three new species of Culicoides biting midges were identified and could be identified by both molecular and morphological differences. Evaluation of differences between and within taxa of biting midges using COI barcode yielded a rough estimate of species delineation; interspecies differences across Culicoides subgenera approaches 20%, whereas intraspecies differences are below 4% and in most cases below 1%. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0750-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Факторы риска развития сахарного диабета 2-го типа у пациентов с подагрой: результаты проспективного исследования

The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (DM2) in patients with gout can be influenced by both conventional and directly linked to gout risk factors (RFs).Objective: to identify RFs for the development of DM2 in patients with gout, including those directly associated with gout, based on long-term prospective follow-up data.Patients and methods. The study included 444 patients with gout older than 18 years (49 women, 395 men) who did not have DM. The followup period ranged from 2 to 8 years. The studied RFs for DM2 were: gender, age, family history of DM2, obesity, alcohol consumption >20 units per week, insufficient physical activity, unbalanced nutrition, history of hyperglycemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension (AH), chronic heart failure, antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, glucocorticoids (GCs), urate-lowering therapy, serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, CRP, uric acid (UA), glucose, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, the presence of tophi, >4 attacks of gout per year, ≥5 affected joints during the disease.Results and discussion. DM2 developed in 108 (24.3%) patients. These patients were older, had a family history of DM, more often received antihypertensive therapy, diuretics, and glucocorticoids (49.1; 73.1; 27.8 and 47.2%, respectively) than patients who did not develop DM2 (25.6; 50.5; 14.8 and 36.4%, respectively; p<0.05 for all cases). In addition, patients with DM2 were more likely to have subcutaneous tophi (59.3% versus 30.0%; p=0.001), among them there were more individuals (67.6% versus 31.6%; p=0.001) with frequent attacks of arthritis (>4 attacks per year). UA levels >480 and 600 μmol/l were also significantly more frequent (p=0.0002) in patients with DM2 (71.3 and 34.3%, respectively).According to logistic regression data, factors that increase the risk of developing DM2 were: family history of DM, a history of hyperglycemia, CHD, AH, intake of GCs, antihypertensive drugs, the presence of tophi, >4 exacerbations of gout per year. Febuxostat use and UA <300 μmol/L were associated with a lower risk of DM2.Conclusion. The occurrence of DM2 in gout is associated not only with well-known risk factors, but also with hyperuricemia and microcrystalline inflammation. Febuxostat therapy is associated with a lower risk of developing DM2.На развитие сахарного диабета (СД) 2-го типа (СД2) у пациентов с подагрой могут влиять как общепринятые, так и непосредственно связанные с подагрой факторы риска (ФР).Цель исследования – на основании данных многолетнего проспективного наблюдения выявить у пациентов с подагрой ФР развития СД2, в том числе непосредственно связанные с подагрой.Пациенты и методы. В исследование включено 444 пациента c подагрой старше 18 лет (49 женщин, 395 мужчин), не имевших СД. Длительность наблюдения составляла от 2 до 8 лет. В качестве ФР СД2 рассмотрены: пол, возраст, отягощенная наследственность по СД2, ожирение, употребление алкоголя >20 ед. в неделю, недостаточная физическая нагрузка, несбалансированное питание, гипергликемия в анамнезе, ишемическая болезнь сердца (ИБС), артериальная гипертензия (АГ), хроническая сердечная недостаточность, прием гипотензивных препаратов, диуретиков, глюкокортикоидов (ГК), уратснижающая терапия, сывороточные уровни холестерина, триглицеридов, СРБ, мочевой кислоты (МК), глюкозы, креатинина, скорость клубочковой фильтрации <60 мл/мин/1,73м2, наличие тофусов, >4 приступов подагры в год, ≥5 пораженных суставов за время болезни.Результаты и обсуждение. СД2 развился у 108 (24,3%) пациентов. Эти пациенты были старше, имели отягощенную наследственность по СД, чаще получали антигипертензивную терапию, диуретики и ГК (49,1; 73,1; 27,8 и 47,2% соответственно), чем больные, у которых СД2 не возник (25,6; 50,5; 14,8 и 36,4% соответственно; р<0,05 для всех случаев). Кроме того, у пациентов с СД2 чаще выявлялись подкожные тофусы (59,3% против 30,0%; р=0,001), среди них было больше лиц (67,6% против 31,6%; р=0,001) с частыми приступами артрита (>4 приступов в год). Уровни МК >480 и 600 мкмоль/л также значимо чаще (р=0,0002) определялись у больных с СД2 (71,3 и 34,3% соответственно).По данным логистической регрессии, факторами, увеличивающими риск возникновения СД2, были: наследственная отягощенность по СД, наличие гипергликемии в анамнезе, ИБС, АГ, прием ГК, гипотензивных препаратов, наличие тофусов, >4 обострений подагры в год. Прием фебуксостата и уровень МК <300 мкмоль/л ассоциировались с меньшим риском развития СД2.Заключение. Возникновение СД2 при подагре связано не только с общеизвестными ФР, но и с гиперурикемией и микрокристаллическим воспалением. Терапия фебуксостатом ассоциируется с меньшим риском развития СД2

Коморбидные инфекции у больных спондилоартритами: частота, структура, факторы риска

Objective: To investigate the frequency, structure, and risk factors of comorbid infections (CI) in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA).Material and methods. The study included 332 patients with SpA. Patients were interviewed by the investigating physician, and additional information was obtained from medical records.Results and discussion. Respiratory tract (RT) and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) infections ranked first in the structure of CI. Exacerbation of SpA after CI was found in 42% of patients, and more severe CI against the background of SpA was found in 83 patients. 63 cases of severe CI (SCI) were documented, 63.5% of which were infections of the RT and ENT organs. Predictors for the development of lower RT (LRT) and ENT organ infections were the use of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in general (odds ratio, OR 2.018; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.221-3.335; p=0.006 and OR 1.761; 95% CI 1.1-2.819, respectively; p=0.018) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors in particular (OR 2.376; 95% CI 1.417-3.983; p=0.001 and OR 1.833; 95% CI 1.123-2.994; p=0.015), and disease duration of more than 5 years (OR 1.774; 95% CI 1.034—3.042; p=0.037 and OR 2.22; 95% CI 1.378-3.576; p=0.001). The risk of developing LRT infection was higher in the presence of chronic lung disease (OR 3.673; 95% CI 1.602-8.425; p=0.002) and Charlesson Comorbidity Index ≥1 (OR 2.381; 95% CI 1.439-3.94; p=0.001), risk of developing ENT organ infections - with the use of >1 bDMARD (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.199-4.804; p=0.013) and duration of methotrexate therapy over 5 years (OR 2.478; 95% CI 1.053-5.831; p=0.038). Risk factors for the development of SCI were the use of bDMARDs in general (OR 1.941; 95% CI 1.063-3.545; p=0.031) and TNFα in particular (OR 2.246; 95%, CI 1.218-4.139; p=0.01).Conclusion. The problem of CI in SpA is of great importance. The vast majority of patients with SpA should be vaccinated against pneumococcal infection and influenza.Цель исследования — изучить частоту, структуру и факторы риска коморбидных инфекций (КИ) у больных спондилоартритами (СпА).Материал и методы. В исследование включено 332 пациента со СпА. Больные были опрошены врачом-исследователем, дополнительную информацию получали из медицинской документации.Результаты и обсуждение. Ведущее место в структуре КИ занимали инфекции дыхательных путей (ДП) и ЛОР-органов. У 42% больных отмечено обострение СпА после перенесенной КИ, у 83 пациентов — более тяжелое течение КИ на фоне СпА. Документировано 63 случая серьезных КИ(СКИ), 63,5% из них — инфекции ДП и ЛОР-органов. Предикторами развития инфекций нижних ДП(НДП) и ЛОР-органов являлись применение генно-инженерных биологических препаратов (ГИБП) в целом (отношение шансов, ОШ 2,018; 95% Доверительный интервал, ДИ 1,221—3,335; р=0,006 и ОШ 1,761; 95% ДИ 1,1—2,819 соответственно; р=0,018) и ингибиторов фактора некроза опухоли α (иФНОα) в частности (ОШ 2,376; 95% ДИ 1,417—3,983;р=0,001 и ОШ 1,833; 95% ДИ 1,123—2,994; р=0,015), а также продолжительность заболевания более 5 лет (ОШ 1,774; 95% ДИ 1,034—3,042; р=0,037 и ОШ 2,22; 95% ДИ 1,378—3,576; р=0,001). Риск развития инфекций НДП был выше при наличии хронического заболевания легких (ОШ 3,673; 95% ДИ 1,602—8,425; р=0,002) и индекса коморбидности Чарльсона ≥1 (ОШ 2,381; 95% ДИ 1,439—3,94; р=0,001), риск развития инфекций ЛОР-органов — при использовании >1 ГИБП (ОШ 2,4; 95% ДИ 1,199—4,804; р=0,013) и длительности терапии метотрексатом более 5 лет (ОШ 2,478; 95% ДИ 1,053—5,831; р=0,038). Факторами риска развития СКИ были применение ГИБП в целом (ОШ 1,941; 95% ДИ 1,063-3,545;р=0,031) и иФНОα в частности (ОШ 2,246; 95% ДИ 1,218-4,139;р=0,01).Заключение. Проблема КИ при СпА является весьма актуальной. У подавляющего числа больных СпА необходимо проводить вакцинацию против пневмококковой инфекции и гриппа