Many-body Anderson localization in one dimensional systems

We show, using quasi-exact numerical simulations, that Anderson localization of one-dimensional particles in a disordered potential survives in the presence of attractive interaction between particles. The localization length of the composite particle can be computed analytically for weak disorder and is in good agreement with the quasi-exact numerical observations using Time Evolving Block Decimation. Our approach allows for simulation of the entire experiment including the final measurement of all atom positions.Comment: 12pp, 5 fig, version accepted in NJ

Girls’ and boys’ problem talk: Implications for emotional closeness in friendships.

This research highlights the critical role of gender in the context of problem talk and social support in adolescents’ friendships. Early- and middle-adolescents’ (N = 314 friend dyads; Ms = 13.01 and 16.03 years) conversations about problems were studied using observation and a short-term longitudinal design. Mean-level gender differences emerged in that girls participated in problem talk more than boys and responded in a more positive and engaged manner to friends’ statements about problems (e.g., by saying something supportive, asking a question) than did boys. Interestingly, boys used humor during problem talk more than girls. Despite mean-level differences, there were not gender differences in the functional significance of participating in problem talk and positive engaged responses in that these behaviors predicted increased friendship closeness for both boys and girls. In contrast, humor during problem talk predicted increased closeness only for boys, highlighting an understudied pathway to closeness in boys’ friendships

The City of Louisville Encapsulates the United States Demographics

Background: One weakness that applies to all population-based studies performed in the United States (US) is that investigators perform population-based extrapolations without providing objective statistical evidence to show how well a particular city is a suitable surrogate for the US. The objective of this study was to propose and utilize a novel computational metric to compare individual US cities with the US average. Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of publicly available databases containing US sociodemographic, economic, and health-related data. In total, 58 demographic, housing, economic, health behavior, and health status variables for each US city with a residential population of at least 500,000 were obtained. All variables were recorded as proportions. Euclidean, Manhattan, and average absolute difference metrics were used to compare the 58 variables to the average in the US. Results: Oklahoma City, OK, had the lowest distance from the United States, with Euclidean and Manhattan distances in proportion of 0.261 and 1.519, respectively. Louisville, Kentucky, had the second lowest distance for both Euclidean distance and Manhattan distance, with distances of 0.286 and 1.545, respectively. The average absolute differences in proportion for Oklahoma City and Louisville to the US average were 0.026 and 0.027, respectively. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this represents the first study evaluating a method for computing statistical comparisons of United States city sociodemographic, economic, and health-related data with the United States average. Our study shows that among cities with at least 500,000 residents, Oklahoma City is the closest to the United States, followed closely by Louisville. On average, these cities deviate from the US average on any variable studied by less than 3%

Real Time Turbulent Video Perfecting by Image Stabilization and Super-Resolution

Image and video quality in Long Range Observation Systems (LOROS) suffer from atmospheric turbulence that causes small neighbourhoods in image frames to chaotically move in different directions and substantially hampers visual analysis of such image and video sequences. The paper presents a real-time algorithm for perfecting turbulence degraded videos by means of stabilization and resolution enhancement. The latter is achieved by exploiting the turbulent motion. The algorithm involves generation of a reference frame and estimation, for each incoming video frame, of a local image displacement map with respect to the reference frame; segmentation of the displacement map into two classes: stationary and moving objects and resolution enhancement of stationary objects, while preserving real motion. Experiments with synthetic and real-life sequences have shown that the enhanced videos, generated in real time, exhibit substantially better resolution and complete stabilization for stationary objects while retaining real motion.Comment: Submitted to The Seventh IASTED International Conference on Visualization, Imaging, and Image Processing (VIIP 2007) August, 2007 Palma de Mallorca, Spai

Patterns of dominant flows in the world trade web

The large-scale organization of the world economies is exhibiting increasingly levels of local heterogeneity and global interdependency. Understanding the relation between local and global features calls for analytical tools able to uncover the global emerging organization of the international trade network. Here we analyze the world network of bilateral trade imbalances and characterize its overall flux organization, unraveling local and global high-flux pathways that define the backbone of the trade system. We develop a general procedure capable to progressively filter out in a consistent and quantitative way the dominant trade channels. This procedure is completely general and can be applied to any weighted network to detect the underlying structure of transport flows. The trade fluxes properties of the world trade web determines a ranking of trade partnerships that highlights global interdependencies, providing information not accessible by simple local analysis. The present work provides new quantitative tools for a dynamical approach to the propagation of economic crises

Beyond Prejudice as Simple Antipathy: Hostile and Benevolent Sexism Across Cultures

The authors argue that complementary hostile and benevolent componen:s of sexism exist ac ro.ss cultures. Male dominance creates hostile sexism (HS). but men's dependence on women fosters benevolent sexism (BS)-subjectively positive attitudes that put women on a pedestal but reinforce their subordination. Research with 15,000 men and women in 19 nations showed that (a) HS and BS are coherenl constructs th at correlate positively across nations, but (b) HS predicts the ascription of negative and BS the ascription of positive traits to women, (c) relative to men, women are more likely to reject HS than BS. especially when overall levels of sexism in a culture are high, and (d) national averages on BS and HS predict gender inequal ity across nations. These results challenge prevailing notions of prejudice as an antipathy in that BS (an affectionate, patronizing ideology) reflects inequality and is a cross-culturally pervasive complement to HS

The two-fluid model with superfluid entropy

The two-fluid model of liquid helium is generalized to the case that the superfluid fraction has a small entropy content. We present theoretical arguments in favour of such a small superfluid entropy. In the generalized two-fluid model various sound modes of He$\;$II are investigated. In a superleak carrying a persistent current the superfluid entropy leads to a new sound mode which we call sixth sound. The relation between the sixth sound and the superfluid entropy is discussed in detail.Comment: 22 pages, latex, published in Nuovo Cimento 16 D (1994) 37

Effectiveness of the Influenza Vaccine in Preventing Hospitalizations of Patients with Influenza Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Introduction: Influenza vaccination is the primary strategy for prevention of influenza infection. Influenza infection can vary from mild or even asymptomatic illness to severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Although many national and international investigators and organizations report annual estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness for prevention of influenza infection in the community, few studies report estimates for the prevention of hospitalizations due to influenza CAP, the most severe form of the infection. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine for prevention of hospitalization in patients with influenza-associated CAP. Methods: This was a test-negative study using data from the first two years of the University of Louisville Pneumonia Study, a prospective, observational study of all hospitalized patients with pneumonia in Louisville, Kentucky from 6/1/2014 – 5/31/2016. Univariate and multivariate logistic models were used to evaluate the association between vaccine status and influenza-associated/non-influenza-associated CAP hospitalization. Unadjusted and adjusted vaccine effectiveness estimates were calculated. Results: A total of 1951 hospitalized patients with CAP were included in the analysis, and 831 (43%) reported having received the influenza vaccination for the influenza season by the time they were hospitalized. A total of 152 (8%) cases of influenza-CAP were confirmed in the study population, with 63 (8%) cases confirmed in vaccinated individuals. The unadjusted vaccine effectiveness was not significant, with a point estimate of 5% (95% CI: -33%, 32%). After adjusting for potential cofounders, vaccine effectiveness was also found to not be significant with a point estimate of 8% (95% CI: -30%, 35%). Conclusions: In conclusion, we found that, over the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 influenza seasons, influenza vaccine was not effective for prevention of hospitalization with CAP due to influenza. More effective vaccines are necessary to prevent the most serious forms of influenza