Water content of pomegranate seeds subjected to storage and packaging periods

The worldwide demand for unconventional fruits, such as pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), has been growing due to their nutraceutical characteristics. Given the social and industrial importance of the crop, information about the seed storage conditions should be elucidated to technify its cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate, by determining the water content, the behavior of pomegranate seeds when stored in different periods and packages. The seeds were separated into 2 lots: seeds with sarcotesta and for another lot, seeds without sarcotesta. The storage periods used were: 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days, in 3 types of packaging (polyethylene, paper bags and glass bottles), which were stored in BOD at 5±0.2ºC and relative humidity 35±2%. After storage periods, the seed water content was evaluated. Throughout storage periods, polyethylene containers reduced the water content of seeds with and without sarcotesta. Paper bags did not preserve the water content of both types of pomegranate seeds. The water content of pomegranate seeds with and without sarcotesta was better conserved when glass containers were used for storage.The worldwide demand for unconventional fruits, such as pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), has been growing due to their nutraceutical characteristics. Given the social and industrial importance of the crop, information about the seed storage conditions should be elucidated to technify its cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate, by determining the water content, the behavior of pomegranate seeds when stored in different periods and packages. The seeds were separated into 2 lots: seeds with sarcotesta and for another lot, seeds without sarcotesta. The storage periods used were: 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days, in 3 types of packaging (polyethylene, paper bags and glass bottles), which were stored in BOD at 5±0.2ºC and relative humidity 35±2%. After storage periods, the seed water content was evaluated. Throughout storage periods, polyethylene containers reduced the water content of seeds with and without sarcotesta. Paper bags did not preserve the water content of both types of pomegranate seeds. The water content of pomegranate seeds with and without sarcotesta was better conserved when glass containers were used for storage

Resposta fisiológica de sementes de alface imersas em águas destilada e piscicultura / Physiological response of imperial lettuce seeds in waters distilled and pisciculture

A alface é a hortaliça folhosa mais comercializada mundialmente. Devido a intensa demanda torna-se necessário a aplicação de técnicas que acelerem a produção fornecendo nutrientes ao adequado desenvolvimento do cultivo. Dessa forma, o estudo teve como objetivo verificar a resposta fisiológica da embebição de sementes de Lactuca sativa L. em águas destilada e de piscicultura de Tambaqui, em diferentes períodos (0, 3, 6, 12 e 24 h). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com 4 repetições. Houve efeito benéfico para emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, massa seca de radícula, massa seca aérea, comprimentos de raiz e da parte aérea no maior período de embebição, independentemente do tipo de água utilizada. As plantas oriundas de sementes embebidas e conduzidas com água de piscicultura apresentaram massa fresca aérea 22% superior àquelas tratadas com água destilada, no tempo de 24 h. O condicionamento hídrico das sementes de alface favorece a germinação e vigor das plantas, com melhores resultados expressos no período máximo, não sendo prejudicados pelo emprego da água de origem piscícola

Uso de goma de soja como emulsificante em dietas para poedeiras comerciais

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the inclusion of soybean (Glycine max) gum in the diet of laying hens on egg production, egg external and internal quality, and economic viability, as well as of temperature and storage time on the oxidative stability of eggs. One hundred and eighty 40-week-old Lohmann-LSL layers were fed 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% soybean gum in the diet. In the economic analysis, the average productive performance of the layers and the cost of feed were considered. In order to evaluate oxidative stability, eggs were stored at room temperature (~30oC) or refrigerated (5oC) for 0, 7, and 21 days. The inclusion of soybean gum in the diet increased feed intake and also egg production, average weight, and mass. Soybean gum improved external and internal egg quality parameters, but reduced the Haugh unit. Oxidative stability was higher in eggs from hens fed 4% gum, at 5oC, for 21 days; however, the largest economic return was with 1% gum. The inclusion of soybean gum promotes improvements in the production, external and internal quality, and oxidative stability of eggs from commercial laying hens.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da inclusão de goma de soja (Glycine max) na dieta de poedeiras comerciais sobre a produção de ovos, a qualidade externa e interna dos ovos, e a viabilidade econômica, bem como da temperatura e do tempo de armazenamento sobre a estabilidade oxidativa dos ovos. Cento e oitenta poedeiras Lohmann-LSL com 40 semanas de idade foram alimentadas com 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5% de goma de soja na dieta. Na análise econômica, foram considerados o desempenho produtivo médio das poedeiras e o custo da ração. Para a avaliação da estabilidade oxidativa, os ovos foram armazenados à temperatura ambiente (~ 30oC) ou sob refrigeração (5oC) por 0, 7 e 21 dias. A inclusão de goma de soja na dieta aumentou o consumo de ração e também a produção, o peso médio e a massa dos ovos. A goma de soja melhorou os parâmetros de qualidade externa e interna dos ovos, mas reduziu a unidade de Haugh. A estabilidade oxidativa foi maior nos ovos de galinhas alimentadas com 4% de goma, a 5oC, por 21 dias; entretanto, o maior retorno econômico foi com 1% de goma. A inclusão de goma de soja promove melhorias na produção, na qualidade externa e interna, e na estabilidade oxidativa dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais

Nodal segments and zygotic embryos in culture media for the in vitro propagation of tamarind

There has been a lack of research on the propagation methods of tamarind, hindering the availability and supply of its products. Considering the nutraceutical potential of tamarind and the long-time required to initiate production, this study aimed to evaluate the establishment of nodal segments and the germination of in vitro zygotic embryos of tamarind plants in culture media, salt concentrations, and activated charcoal, aiming at the establishment of an in vitro propagation protocol. For this purpose, MS and WPM media with 25, 50, 75 and 100% salt concentrations were used both with and without activated charcoal (2 g L-1) for the inoculation of nodal segments and zygotic embryos of tamarind. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 2 x 4 x 2 factorial scheme (culture media x salt concentrations x activated charcoal) with 20 replications. It was observed that the in vitro establishment of tamarind nodal segments is viable when using the MS medium with 75% of salts plus 2 g L-1 of activated charcoal and that for the germination of zygotic embryos there was no influence of the treatments. It was also observed that in order to increase the length of the formed plantlets, the MS and WPM media can be employed with 75% of salts.There has been a lack of research on the propagation methods of tamarind, hindering the availability and supply of its products. Considering the nutraceutical potential of tamarind and the long-time required to initiate production, this study aimed to evaluate the establishment of nodal segments and the germination of in vitro zygotic embryos of tamarind plants in culture media, salt concentrations, and activated charcoal, aiming at the establishment of an in vitro propagation protocol. For this purpose, MS and WPM media with 25, 50, 75 and 100% salt concentrations were used both with and without activated charcoal (2 g L-1) for the inoculation of nodal segments and zygotic embryos of tamarind. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 2 x 4 x 2 factorial scheme (culture media x salt concentrations x activated charcoal) with 20 replications. It was observed that the in vitro establishment of tamarind nodal segments is viable when using the MS medium with 75% of salts plus 2 g L-1 of activated charcoal and that for the germination of zygotic embryos there was no influence of the treatments. It was also observed that in order to increase the length of the formed plantlets, the MS and WPM media can be employed with 75% of salts

RELAÇÃO ENTRE AS ILHAS DE CALOR E USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO EM CENTROS URBANOS DE PEQUENO PORTE UTILIZANDO O SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO: Relation between heat islands and the use and occupation of the soil in small urban centers through remote sensing

Every day urban centers suffer from rising temperatures. Faced with global warming, degradation of these environments, pose risks to the health of the population, from the thermal discomfort to the occurrence of diseases caused by heat. Due to the urbanization process, this change in the landscape favors an occurrence of the phenomenon of the urban heat island (ICU), urban areas with temperatures higher than its surrounding rural areas. This phenomenon is reality not in large municipalities, but also occurs in small cities. The objective of this work was to analyze the occurrence of ICU in Ilha Solteira - SP, was studied through the use of remote sensing data, aiming to associate a surface temperature with different classes of land-use and land-cover. For a purpose of this work, a satellite image captured in the infrared region (TIRS/Landsat-8) were used as land use and occupation classes in the areas of higher temperatures, based on Images of high spatial resolution, in the satellite Pleiades. Given that the different classes of land use and occupation directly influence the surface temperature, observing an asphalt paving and ceramic roof as higher temperature values, in ICU areas in small cities. Keywords: Geotechnology; Global Warming; Infrared Termal.Todos os dias os centros urbanos sofrem com o aumento da temperatura. Diante do aquecimento global, a degradação desses ambientes, traz riscos à saúde da população, desde o desconforto térmico até a ocorrência de doenças causadas pelo calor. Devido ao processo de urbanização, essa mudança na paisagem favorece a ocorrência do fenômeno da ilha de calor urbana (ICU), áreas urbanas com temperaturas mais elevadas que as áreas rurais vizinhas. Este fenômeno é realidade não em grandes municípios, mas também ocorre em cidades pequenas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a ocorrência de ICU em Ilha Solteira - SP, através do uso de dados de sensoriamento remoto, visando associar uma temperatura superficial com diferentes classes de uso e cobertura da terra. Para o propósito deste trabalho, utilizou-se uma imagem de satélite capturada na região do infravermelho (TIRS / Landsat-8) como classes de uso e ocupação do solo nas áreas de temperaturas mais altas, baseadas em imagens de alta resolução, no satélite Plêiades. Dado que as diferentes classes de uso e ocupação do solo influenciam diretamente a temperatura da superfície, observando-se a pavimentação asfáltica e o telhado cerâmico como valores mais altos de temperatura, nas áreas de ICU das pequenas cidades. Palavras-chave: Geotecnologia; Aquecimento Global; Infravermelho Termal

Relação entre as ilhas de calor e uso e ocupação do solo em centros urbanos de pequeno porte utilizando o sensoriamento remoto

Todos os dias os centros urbanos sofrem com o aumento da temperatura. Diante do aquecimento global, a degradação desses ambientes, traz riscos à saúde da população, desde o desconforto térmico até a ocorrência de doenças causadas pelo calor. Devido ao processo de urbanização, essa mudança na paisagem favorece a ocorrência do fenômeno da ilha de calor urbana (ICU), áreas urbanas com temperaturas mais elevadas que as áreas rurais vizinhas. Este fenômeno é realidade não em grandes municípios, mas também ocorre em cidades pequenas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a ocorrência de ICU em Ilha Solteira - SP, através do uso de dados de sensoriamento remoto, visando associar uma temperatura superficial com diferentes classes de uso e cobertura da terra. Para o propósito deste trabalho, utilizou-se uma imagem de satélite capturada na região do infravermelho (TIRS / Landsat-8) como classes de uso e ocupação do solo nas áreas de temperaturas mais altas, baseadas em imagens de alta resolução, no satélite Plêiades. Dado que as diferentes classes de uso e ocupação do solo influenciam diretamente a temperatura da superfície, observando-se a pavimentação asfáltica e o telhado cerâmico como valores mais altos de temperatura, nas áreas de ICU das pequenas cidades.Every day urban centers suffer from rising temperatures. Faced with global warming, degradation of these environments, pose risks to the health of the population, from the thermal discomfort to the occurrence of diseases caused by heat. Due to the urbanization process, this change in the landscape favors an occurrence of the phenomenon of the urban heat island (ICU), urban areas with temperatures higher than its surrounding rural areas. This phenomenon is reality not in large municipalities, but also occurs in small cities. The objective of this work was to analyze the occurrence of ICU in Ilha Solteira - SP, was studied through the use of remote sensing data, aiming to associate a surface temperature with different classes of land-use and land-cover. For a purpose of this work, a satellite image captured in the infrared region (TIRS/Landsat-8) were used as land use and occupation classes in the areas of higher temperatures, based on Images of high spatial resolution, in the satellite Pleiades. Given that the different classes of land use and occupation directly influence the surface temperature, observing an asphalt paving and ceramic roof as higher temperature values, in ICU areas in small cities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Forest harvest management systems and residual phytomass affecting physical properties of a sandy soil

Organic carbon introduced in soils, mainly through organic matter, has a relevant role in various soil properties and is particularly important in sandy soils. In these soils, the input of organic material is necessary to ensure the sustainability of production systems. This study aimed to investigate the changes in total organic carbon content and its effect on physical properties in areas under different harvest management systems (HMS) after the harvest of eucalyptus. The study was performed in December 2017 in a Eucalyptus urograndis (clone E13) commercial plantation, in the municipality of Água Clara, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The soil of this area was classified as a sandy-textured Neossolo quartzarênico, which corresponds to Quartzipsamments. Soil samples were taken from the 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers for determinations of aggregate stability, soil bulk density (BD), macroporosity (Macro), microporosity (Micro), total porosity (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC); and for calculation of carbon stock (CS). Total organic carbon and CS continued down into the 0.20-0.40, 0.40-0.60, 0.60-0.80, and 0.80-1.00 m layers. Soil mechanical penetration resistance (PR) was determined to the 0.40 m depth in 0.10 m intervals. Carbon content was evaluated in the aggregates of the 0.00-0.05 m layer after wet sieving in 2000, 1000, 250 and 53 μm diameter sieves. Statistical evaluation consisted of analysis of variance, the Tukey test, and regression for the sources of variation that showed significance at 5 %. The data suggest that keeping the residual phytomass on the soil surface can positively impact total organic carbon, with a smaller reduction under the cut-to-length harvest management system. However, carbon stock is greater at the layer of 0.20-0.60 m; as the soil has a sandy texture, carbon moves through the soil profile, which has lower soil mechanical penetration resistance at the surface layers (0.00-0.10 m), once more under the cut-to-length system. Maintaining crop residual phytomass on the soil surface in the cut-to-length harvest management system provides better soil physical conditions, with greater macroporosity (0.00-0.05 m), aggregates with more carbon, and lower soil mechanical penetration resistance compared to systems that maintain only part of the harvest residual phytomass or no residual phytomass on the surface

Ultrasonido de baja frecuencia como potenciador para el proceso de germinación de Stizolobium pruriens

Mucuna (Stizolobium pruriens) is widely used in agriculture as a green allowance and in croprotation, due to its ability to fix nitrogen and recover degraded areas; without embargo, there is aslow and uneven germination. This study used some classical methods, together with the use oflow-frequency ultrasound to accelerate and homogenize the germination and emergence of theseeds.TheexperimentwascarriedoutatthePlantTissueCultivationLaboratoryoftheIlhaSolteiraCampus,SãoPaulo,Brazil.Thedesignusedwasacompletelyrandomizedone,withfivereplications, in a 3x6 factorial scheme, the factors being: three pre-treatments for latency break:mechanicalscarification,thermalscarification,andwithoutscarificationwithsixlevelsofultrasoundexposure:0,1,2,3,5,8min,totaling18treatments.Foreightdaysthegerminationandtheinitialstagesoftheseedlingswerecontrolled.Themethodwithoutscarificationsubjectedto4.5 min of ultrasound can become an excellent alternative, since it presented greater germinationvigor, while 3.14 min of exposure to ultrasound were enough to improve the emergence speed, regardless of the method used in the preparation of seeds. In conclusion, only with the use of low-frequencyultrasound,itispossibletoimproveboththegerminationspeedindexandthegerminationvigor, with out the need for additional treatments.La mucuna (Stizolobium pruriens) se usa ampliamente en agricultura como abono verde y en rotación de cultivos, debido a su capacidad para fijar nitrógeno y recuperar áreas degradadas; sin embargo, tiene una germinación lenta y desigual. Este estudio utilizó algunos métodos clásicos, junto con el uso de ultrasonidos de baja frecuencia para acelerar y homogeneizar la germinación y emergencia de las semillas. El experimento se realizó en el Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales del campus Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brasil. El diseño utilizado fue un completamente al azar, con cinco repeticiones, en un esquema factorial 3x6, siendo los factores: tres pre-tratamientos para ruptura de la latencia: escarificación mecánica, térmica, y sin escarificación con seis niveles de exposición a ultrasonido: 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 min, totalizando 18 tratamientos. Durante ocho días se controló la germinación y las etapas iniciales de las plántulas. El método sin escarificación sometido a 4.5 min de ultrasonido puede convertirse en una excelente alternativa, ya que presentó mayor vigor de germinación, mientras que 3.14 min de exposición a ultrasonido fueron suficientes para mejorar la velocidad de emergencia, independientemente del método utilizado en la preparación de semillas. En conclusión, solo con el uso de ultrasonidos de baja frecuencia es posible mejorar tanto el índice de velocidad de germinación como el vigor de germinación, sin necesidad de tratamientos adicionales

Occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Phlebotominae) and canine visceral leishmaniasis in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis and also the canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, state of Sao Paulo. Blood samples were collected from 32 dogs from different rural properties (small farms) and were analyzed by ELISA and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in order to diagnose CVL. From these serological tests, 31.25% of the dogs were positive for CVL and these were distributed in 66.7% (8/12) of the rural properties, which were positive for L. longipalpis. CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) light traps were installed in 12 properties (one per property) and insects were caught on three consecutive days per month for one year. L. longipalpis was present on 100% of the rural properties visited, at least once during the twelve-month interval, totaling 64 males and 25 females. The insects were more numerous after the peak of the rain, but the association between prevalence of peridomestic vectors and the climatic data (precipitation, relative air humidity and temperature) and the occurrences of CVL among dogs on each rural property were not statistical significant (p &lt; 0.05). However, the occurrence of CVL cases in dogs and the presence of L. longipalpis indicate that more attention is necessairy for the control of this disease in the rural area studied.O objetivo desse trabalho foi o estudo da prevalência de Lutzomyia longipalpis e da leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) em uma área rural do município de Ilha Solteira do estado de São Paulo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 32 cães provenientes de pequenas propriedades rurais e analisadas por meio dos métodos sorológicos ELISA (imunoensaio enzimático indireto) e RIFI (reação de imunofluorescência indireta) para o diagnóstico da LVC. Pelos exames sorológicos, dos 32 cães avaliados, 31,25% foram diagnosticados positivos para LVC, os quais estavam diostribuídos em 66,67% (8/12) das propriedades positivas para Lutzomyia longipalpis. Armadilhas luminosas do tipo CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) foram instaladas em 12 propriedades, sendo uma por propriedade, e as coletas dos insetos foram realizadas três dias consecutivos a cada mês, durante um ano. O inseto L. longipalpis foi encontrado em 100% das propriedades visitadas, pelo menos uma vez no ano, totalizando 65 machos e 25 fêmeas. A maior quantidade de insetos foi observada principalmente após a ocorrência dos maiores picos de precipitação pluvial, mas a associação entre a prevalência dos vetores peridomiciliares e os dados climáticos (precipitação, umidade relativa do ar e temperatura) assim como a ocorrência da CVL em cães em cada propriedade não foi estatisticamente significante (p<0.05). No entanto, alerta-se que pela presença dos casos de LVC nos cães amostrados e também de L. longipalpis, maior atenção deve ser dada durante as investigações epidemiológicas para o controle dessa doença nessa área rural estudada.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP