345 research outputs found

    Optimized network structure and routing metric in wireless multihop ad hoc communication

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    Inspired by the Statistical Physics of complex networks, wireless multihop ad hoc communication networks are considered in abstracted form. Since such engineered networks are able to modify their structure via topology control, we search for optimized network structures, which maximize the end-to-end throughput performance. A modified version of betweenness centrality is introduced and shown to be very relevant for the respective modeling. The calculated optimized network structures lead to a significant increase of the end-to-end throughput. The discussion of the resulting structural properties reveals that it will be almost impossible to construct these optimized topologies in a technologically efficient distributive manner. However, the modified betweenness centrality also allows to propose a new routing metric for the end-to-end communication traffic. This approach leads to an even larger increase of throughput capacity and is easily implementable in a technologically relevant manner.Comment: 25 pages, v2: fixed one small typo in the 'authors' fiel

    Examination of invisible injuries: UV-induced fluorescence as a supplement to physical examination for blunt trauma injury

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    Die Untersuchung von Gewaltopfern und die Dokumentation von Verletzungen gehört zur Routinetätigkeit in der Klinischen Rechtsmedizin. Am häufigsten werden Folgen stumpfer Gewalteinwirkung festgestellt. Diese Untersuchungen geraten an ihre Grenzen, wenn z.B. Hautunterblutungen (noch) nicht oder bereits nicht mehr sichtbar sind. Die vorliegende Arbeit belegt den Nutzen von ultravioletter (UV) Strahlung zur Sichtbarmachung verblasster und mit bloßem Auge nicht erkennbare Hämatome. Die durch UV-Strahlung hervorgerufene Fluoreszenz von gesundem im Vergleich zu geschädigtem Gewebe kann teils noch bis zu Monate nach einer Verletzung Unterschiede aufweisen. Somit stellt das hier untersuchte Verfahren eine kostengünstige, schnelle und zuverlässige Alternative des Methodenspektrums rechtsmedizinischer Untersuchungstechniken dar.:1. Bibliographische Beschreibung 2. Introduction 3. Background 3.1. Hematoma 3.2. Electromagnetic radiation 3.3. Fluorescence 3.4. UV radiation 3.5. UV-induced fluorescence 3.6. Hematoma fluorescence 3.7. UV-photography 3.8. Alternative non-invasive 4. Motivation & Purpose of this Thesis 5. Publication 6. Summary & Conclusion 6.1. Background 6.2. Aim 6.3. Material and Method 6.4. Results 6.5. Thesis 6.6. Conclusion 7. Appendix 7.1. Bibliography 7.2. Core Data 7.3. Declaration of Independence 7.4. Curriculum vitae 7.5. Publications 7.6. AcknowledgementsIdentification and age determination of hematomas is daily work in forensic medicine. Following blunt trauma, a hematoma may be visible between a few hours and up to three weeks. Patients presenting their injuries outside of that timeframe usually miss visual signs. Various studies indicate that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can aid the process of hematoma identification, when visible signs are vague or even absent. In this thesis hematoma identification using UV- induced fluorescence is discussed as simple, economic and convenient method.:1. Bibliographische Beschreibung 2. Introduction 3. Background 3.1. Hematoma 3.2. Electromagnetic radiation 3.3. Fluorescence 3.4. UV radiation 3.5. UV-induced fluorescence 3.6. Hematoma fluorescence 3.7. UV-photography 3.8. Alternative non-invasive 4. Motivation & Purpose of this Thesis 5. Publication 6. Summary & Conclusion 6.1. Background 6.2. Aim 6.3. Material and Method 6.4. Results 6.5. Thesis 6.6. Conclusion 7. Appendix 7.1. Bibliography 7.2. Core Data 7.3. Declaration of Independence 7.4. Curriculum vitae 7.5. Publications 7.6. Acknowledgement

    Impact of network structure on the capacity of wireless multihop ad hoc communication

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    As a representative of a complex technological system, so-called wireless multihop ad hoc communication networks are discussed. They represent an infrastructure-less generalization of todays wireless cellular phone networks. Lacking a central control authority, the ad hoc nodes have to coordinate themselves such that the overall network performs in an optimal way. A performance indicator is the end-to-end throughput capacity. Various models, generating differing ad hoc network structure via differing transmission power assignments, are constructed and characterized. They serve as input for a generic data traffic simulation as well as some semi-analytic estimations. The latter reveal that due to the most-critical-node effect the end-to-end throughput capacity sensitively depends on the underlying network structure, resulting in differing scaling laws with respect to network size.Comment: 30 pages, to be published in Physica

    eine Pilotstudie

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    Hintergrund: Das metabolische Syndrom ist mit einem erhöhten kardiovaskulären Risiko assoziiert. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung eines möglichen Zusammenhanges zwischen dem metabolischen Syndrom und dem Auftreten postoperativer Komplikationen sowie der Verweildauer bei geriatrischen Patienten nach onkochirurgischen Eingriffen. Methoden: Bei der PERATECS (Patienten Empowerment und risikoadaptierte Behandlung zur Verbesserung des Outcomes bei älteren Menschen mit gastrointestinalen, pulmonalen und urogenitalen Krebserkrankungen) Pilotstudie handelt es sich um eine prospektive Kohorten Studie. Die Erfassung der Daten fand im Zeitraum von Juni 2008 bis Juli 2010 an der Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt operative Intensivmedizin (CCM/CVK) der Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, am Campus Charité Mitte und Campus Virchow-Klinikum statt. Eingeschlossen wurden 145 Patienten ≥ 65 Jahre, die für eine gastrointestinale, thorakale oder urogenitale Tumoroperation vorgesehen waren. Präoperativ wurden die Kriterien für ein metabolisches Syndrom als Begleiterkrankung erfasst. Nach der Operation wurden die Patienten in den ersten 5 Tagen täglich, am 8. Tag und am Entlassungstag visitiert. Komplikationen, Schmerzen, Mobilität und die Krankenhausverweildauer wurden erhoben. Die aufgetretenen Komplikationen wurden anhand der Clavien Dindo Skala nach Schweregrad eingeteilt. Primärer Endpunkt dieser Doktorarbeit ist der Einfluss des metabolischen Syndroms auf die postoperativen Komplikationen. Sekundäres Endziel bildet der Einfluss des metabolischen Syndroms auf die Krankenhausverweildauer. Zur Auswertung wurden zudem Parameter des geriatrischen onkologischen Assessment hinzugezogen. Ergebnisse: Von den eingeschlossenen Patienten erlitten 42 (29%) Patienten schwere postoperative Komplikationen. 112 (77,2%) der Patienten wiesen mindestens ein Merkmal des metabolischen Syndroms auf. Das metabolische Syndrom zeigte keinen Einfluss auf die Schwere der Komplikationen (p = 0,88). Auch bezüglich der Verweildauer konnte kein signifikanter Einfluss nachgewiesen werden (p = 0,78). Jedoch konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Schwere der Komplikationen mit einer längeren Krankenhausverweildauer signifikant assoziiert ist. (p = 0,001) In der Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass ein eingeschränkter Timed up and go Test mit dem Auftreten schwerer postoperativer Komplikationen assoziiert ist (p = 0,008). Schlussfolgerung: Das metabolische Syndrom, als Komorbidität, ist in der vorliegenden Studie nicht mit dem Auftreten schwerer postoperativer Komplikationen bei geriatrischen onkochirurgischen Patienten assoziiert. Zur Optimierung der Therapie sowie zur Verbesserung des postoperativen Outcomes ist ein geriatrisches onkologisches Assessment sinnvoll.Background: The metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the metabolic syndrome on postoperative complications and the length of stay in geriatric patients after oncosurgical surgery. Methods: The PERATECS (patient empowerment and risk-adjusted treatment to improve outcomes in the elderly with gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and urogenital cancers) pilot study is a prospective cohort study. Data were collected from June 2008 to July 2010 at the Department of Anesthesiology with a focus on intensive care units Charité (CCM/CCV), Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte and Campus Virchow Klinikum. Included were 145 patients ≥ 65 years of age intended for gastrointestinal, thoracic or genitourinary tumor surgery. Preoperative the criteria for a metabolic syndrome as comorbidity were noted. After surgery, the patients were examined daily for the first 5 days, on the eight day and on the day of discharge. The complications, pain, mobility and the lengh of stay were documented. The complications were recorded and classified according to severity using the Clavien Dindo scale. The primary endpoint is the influence of the metabolic syndrome on the postoperative complications. The secondary aim is the influence of metabolic syndrome on hospital stay. In addition, parameters of the geriatric oncological assessment were used for the evaluation. Results: From the included patients, 42 (29%) patients suffered severe postoperative complications. 112 (77.2%) of the patients had at least one parameter of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome did not affect the severity of the complications (p = 0,88). Also regarding the residence time no significant influence could be proven (p = 0,78) It could be shown that the severity of the complications correlated significantly with a longer hospital stay (p = 0,001). The study showed that a limited timed up and go test indicates the severity and number of postoperative complication (p = 0,008) Discussion and Conclusions: In this study, the metabolic syndrome as a comorbidity is not associated with the occurrence of severe postoperative complications in geriatric oncosurgical patients. To optimize the therapy and to improve the postoperative outcomes, a geriatric oncological assessment is reasonable

    The Opportunistic Transmission of Wireless Worms between Mobile Devices

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    The ubiquity of portable wireless-enabled computing and communications devices has stimulated the emergence of malicious codes (wireless worms) that are capable of spreading between spatially proximal devices. The potential exists for worms to be opportunistically transmitted between devices as they move around, so human mobility patterns will have an impact on epidemic spread. The scenario we address in this paper is proximity attacks from fleetingly in-contact wireless devices with short-range communication range, such as Bluetooth-enabled smart phones. An individual-based model of mobile devices is introduced and the effect of population characteristics and device behaviour on the outbreak dynamics is investigated. We show through extensive simulations that in the above scenario the resulting mass-action epidemic models remain applicable provided the contact rate is derived consistently from the underlying mobility model. The model gives useful analytical expressions against which more refined simulations of worm spread can be developed and tested.Comment: Submitted for publicatio

    Robotic Platform for Parallelized Cultivation and Monitoring of Microbial Growth Parameters in Microwell Plates

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    Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.The enormous variation possibilities of bioprocesses challenge process development to fix a commercial process with respect to costs and time. Although some cultivation systems and some devices for unit operations combine the latest technology on miniaturization, parallelization, and sensing, the degree of automation in upstream and downstream bioprocess development is still limited to single steps. We aim to face this challenge by an interdisciplinary approach to significantly shorten development times and costs. As a first step, we scaled down analytical assays to the microliter scale and created automated procedures for starting the cultivation and monitoring the optical density (OD), pH, concentrations of glucose and acetate in the culture medium, and product formation in fed-batch cultures in the 96-well format. Then, the separate measurements of pH, OD, and concentrations of acetate and glucose were combined to one method. This method enables automated process monitoring at dedicated intervals (e.g., also during the night). By this approach, we managed to increase the information content of cultivations in 96-microwell plates, thus turning them into a suitable tool for high-throughput bioprocess development. Here, we present the flowcharts as well as cultivation data of our automation approach

    Proposta de abrigo efêmero para pessoas em vulnerabilidade social

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    Este Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso em Design de Produto da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul consistiu no desenvolvimento de um produto que atenda às necessidades de sobrevivência de moradia temporária de pessoas em situação de rua, uma condição de vulnerabilidade social. Objetivou-se a criação de um produto que não atenda apenas aspectos práticos da realidade desse grupo, mas que também promova condições de convívio, que estão associadas ao sentimento de pertencimento e vínculo. Para tanto foram utilizadas metodologias e ferramentas de Design Participativo aplicadas à proposta de customização do produto, em conjunto com a população em situação de rua. As etapas contempladas neste projeto foram fundamentação teórica, definição da metodologia e a problematização, a conceituação do projeto, a geração de alternativas, a seleção da alternativa, detalhamento do projeto e avaliação através da solução final em tamanho real.This Undergraduate thesis in Product Design of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul consists of the development of a product that meets the survival needs of people temporary living in the street, a condition of social vulnerability. The objective is to create a product that not only addresses practical aspects of the reality of this group, but also promotes living conditions, which are associated with the feeling of belonging and bond. To do so, we will use participatory design methodologies and tools applied to the product customization proposal, in conjunction with the street population. The stages contemplated in this project are theoretical foundation, definition of the methodology and the problematization, the conceptualization of the project, the generation of alternatives, selection of the alternative, project detailing and evaluation through the final solution in real size

    Theoretical studies on the lineage specification of hematopoietic stem cells

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    Hämatopoetische Stammzellen besitzen die Fähigkeit, die dauerhafte Erhaltung ihrer eigenen Population im Knochenmark zu gewährleisten und gleichzeitig zur Neubildung der verschiedenen Zelltypen des peripheren Blutes beizutragen. Die Sequenz von Entscheidungsprozessen, die den Übergang einer undifferenzierten Stammzelle in eine funktionale ausgereifte Zelle beschreibt, wird als Linienspezifikation bezeichnet. Obwohl viele Details zu den molekularen Mechanismen dieser Entscheidungsprozesse mittlerweile erforscht sind, bestehen noch immer große Unklarheiten, wie die komplexen phänotypischen Veränderungen hervorgerufen und reguliert werden. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wird ein geeignetes mathematisches Modell der Linienspezifikation hämatopoetischer Stammzellen entwickelt, welches dann in ein bestehendes Modell der hämatopoetischen Stammzellorganisation auf Gewebsebene integriert wird. Zur Verifizierung des theoretischen Modells werden Simulationsergebnisse mit verschiedenen experimentellen Daten verglichen. Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Beschreibung und Analyse der Entwick- lungsprozesse von Einzelzellen, die aus diesem integrierten Modell hervorgehen. Aufbauend auf den entsprechenden Modellsimulationen wird dazu eine topologische Charakterisierung der resultierenden zellulären Genealogien etabliert, welche durch verschiedener Maße für deren Quantifizierung ergänzt wird. Das vorgestellte mathematische Modell stellt eine neuartige Verknüpfung der intrazellulären Linienspezifikation mit der Beschreibung der hämatopoetischen Stammzellorganisation auf Populationsebene her. Dadurch wird das Stammzellm- odell von Röder und Löffler um die wichtige Dimension der Linienspezifikation ergänzt und damit in seinem Anwendungsbereich deutlich ausgedehnt. Durch die Analyse von Einzelzellverläufen trägt das Modell zu einem grundlegenden Verständnis der inhärenten Heterogenität hämatopoetischer Stammzellen bei
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