Building Organisational Resilience Exploring Concepts, Strategies, and Formula

reservedQuesta tesi si propone di analizzare in modo approfondito il concetto di resilienza organizzativa e la sua importanza nel raggiungimento del successo organizzativo. L'introduzione fornisce una panoramica delle varie dimensioni che contribuiscono al successo organizzativo, tra cui la missione e la visione, la struttura organizzativa, la leadership, la cultura aziendale, i processi e le operazioni efficienti, i team competenti, l'approccio centrato sul cliente, l'adattabilità al cambiamento, il monitoraggio delle prestazioni e la sostenibilità. Tuttavia, l'aspetto spesso trascurato della resilienza organizzativa viene evidenziato come un elemento cruciale che conferisce un vantaggio competitivo. Il Capitolo 1 si concentra sull'evoluzione concettuale della resilienza organizzativa nel corso degli anni. Traccia l'evoluzione della definizione, dalla comprensione iniziale come capacità di resistere e riprendersi da interruzioni fino alla percezione attuale come capacità di adattarsi, impegnarsi nel rinnovamento e anticipare le sfide future. Il capitolo introduce le tre fasi della resilienza organizzativa: anticipazione, gestione delle situazioni critiche e adattamento, insieme alle capacità specifiche richieste per ciascuna fase. Il Capitolo 2 presenta un quadro completo per raggiungere la resilienza organizzativa. Esamina i fondamentali costituenti della resilienza, tra cui le relazioni, le interazioni, le dimensioni cognitive e le dimensioni comportamentali. Il capitolo esplora i prerequisiti strutturali come la capacità di adattarsi alle risorse, la competitività dinamica, una cultura aperta e orientata all'apprendimento, e i prerequisiti manageriali e comportamentali come le architetture formali, le pratiche organizzative, la leadership trasformazionale e il lavoro di squadra efficace. Il capitolo presenta una Formula completa appositamente progettata per favorire la resilienza organizzativa. Approfondisce i precursori e i catalizzatori che le organizzazioni dovrebbero possedere, come la base di conoscenze, la disponibilità di risorse, le risorse sociali e il potere/responsabilità. Inoltre, viene effettuata un'analisi approfondita delle variabili che facilitano efficacemente la resilienza, evidenziando sia le variabili concrete, come le forme organizzative ibride, la struttura a matrice, le relazioni inter-organizzative e la flessibilità strutturale, sia le variabili soft, come la cultura organizzativa aperta, la leadership trasformazionale, il clima aziendale orientato al cambiamento e l’impegno delle risorse umane.This paper aims to analyse the concept of organisational resilience in a comprehensive way and its importance in achieving organisational success. The introduction provides an overview of various dimensions that contribute to organisational success, including mission and vision, organisational structure, leadership, corporate culture, efficient processes and operations, competent teams, customer-centric approach, adaptability to change, performance monitoring, and sustainability. However, the frequently overlooked aspect of organisational resilience is highlighted as a crucial element that confers a competitive advantage. Chapter 1 focuses on the conceptual evolution of organisational resilience over the years. It traces the evolution of the definition from its initial understanding as the capacity to resist and recover from disruptions to the current perception of it as the ability to adapt, engage in self-renewal, and anticipate future challenges. The chapter introduces the three stages of organisational resilience: anticipation, critical situation management, and adaptation, along with the specific capabilities required for each stage. Chapter 2 presents a comprehensive framework for achieving organisational resilience. It examines the fundamental constituents of resilience, including relationships, interactions, cognitive dimensions, and behavioural dimensions. The chapter explores the structural prerequisites such as resourcefulness, dynamic competitiveness, open and learning-oriented culture, and managerial and behavioural prerequisites such as formal architectures, organisational practices, transformative leadership, and effective teamwork. The chapter presents a comprehensive Formula specifically crafted to foster organisational resilience. It delves into the precursors and catalysts that organizations should possess, such as knowledge base, availability of resources, social resources, and power/responsibility. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of the variables that effectively facilitate resilience is undertaken, highlighting both the hard variables, including hybrid organisational forms, matrix structure, inter-organisational units, and structural flexibility, and the soft variables, such as the open organisational culture, transformational leadership, change-oriented business climate and human resources commitment

Prevalence of celiac disease in adult patients with refractory functional dyspepsia: Value of routine duodenal biopsy

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in adult patients referred to an open access gastroenterology clinic in the south of Italy and submitted to esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) for evaluation of refractory functional dyspepsia

Usefulness of T-Tube in Liver Transplantation: Still Effective or Outmoded Strategy?

Introduction: T-tube placement during liver transplantation (LT) is still debated. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the usefulness of T-tube after LT in two cohorts differing in post-transplant risk. Methods: A total of 327 LTs performed between 2015 and 2018 were included in the analysis. LTs from donation after circulatory death and living donation, split-liver transplants, and LTs with hepaticojejunostomy were excluded. T-tube was reserved for marginal grafts, high-risk recipients, and bile duct size discrepancy. A balance of risk (BAR) score of ≤9 defined the low-risk cohort (232 patients, 68 with and 164 without T-tube), while a BAR score of >9 defined the high-risk cohort (95 patients, 43 with and 52 without T-tube). Postoperative complications were estimated with the comprehensive complication index (CCI). Postoperative biliary complications were classified in anastomotic stricture (AS), non-anastomotic stricture (NAS), and biliary leakage (BL). Results: In the low-risk cohort, LTs with and without T-tube had similar rates of NAS (0 vs. 2.9%, p = 0.36), AS (2.9 vs. 2.4%, p = 0.83), and BL (1.4 vs. 2.4%, p = 0.64). Analogous outcomes were found in the high-risk cohort: NAS (0 vs. 0), AS (0 vs. 5.7%, p = 0.11), and BL (0 vs. 1.3%, p = 0.27). There were more postoperative complications among patients with T-tube, in both the low-risk (CCI 29 vs. 21, p < 0.001) and high-risk (CCI 51 vs. 29, p < 0.001) cohort. No differences in primary non-function, hepatic artery thrombosis, and mortality were observed. Conclusions: T-tube placement did not influence postoperative biliary complications. Although the two cohorts were normalized for post-transplant risk, LT recipients with T-tube had a more complicated course

Usefulness of T-Tube in Liver Transplantation: Still Effective or Outmoded Strategy?

Introduction: T-tube placement during liver transplantation (LT) is still debated. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the usefulness of T-tube after LT in two cohorts differing in post-transplant risk. Methods: A total of 327 LTs performed between 2015 and 2018 were included in the analysis. LTs from donation after circulatory death and living donation, split-liver transplants, and LTs with hepaticojejunostomy were excluded. T-tube was reserved for marginal grafts, high-risk recipients, and bile duct size discrepancy. A balance of risk (BAR) score of ≤9 defined the low-risk cohort (232 patients, 68 with and 164 without T-tube), while a BAR score of >9 defined the high-risk cohort (95 patients, 43 with and 52 without T-tube). Postoperative complications were estimated with the comprehensive complication index (CCI). Postoperative biliary complications were classified in anastomotic stricture (AS), non-anastomotic stricture (NAS), and biliary leakage (BL). Results: In the low-risk cohort, LTs with and without T-tube had similar rates of NAS (0 vs. 2.9%, p = 0.36), AS (2.9 vs. 2.4%, p = 0.83), and BL (1.4 vs. 2.4%, p = 0.64). Analogous outcomes were found in the high-risk cohort: NAS (0 vs. 0), AS (0 vs. 5.7%, p = 0.11), and BL (0 vs. 1.3%, p = 0.27). There were more postoperative complications among patients with T-tube, in both the low-risk (CCI 29 vs. 21, p p < 0.001) cohort. No differences in primary non-function, hepatic artery thrombosis, and mortality were observed. Conclusions: T-tube placement did not influence postoperative biliary complications. Although the two cohorts were normalized for post-transplant risk, LT recipients with T-tube had a more complicated course

Genetic predisposition to lung adenocarcinoma outcome is a feature already present in patients’ non‐involved lung tissue

Emerging evidence suggests that the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma can be determined from germline variants and transcript levels in non-tumoral lung tissue. Gene expression data from non-involved lung tissue of 483 lung adenocarcinoma patients were tested for correlation with overall survival using multivariable Cox proportional hazard and multivariate machine learning models. For genes whose transcript levels associated with survival, we used genotype data from 414 patients to identify germline variants acting as cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Associations of eQTL variant genotypes with gene expression and survival were tested. Levels of four transcripts were inversely associated with survival by Cox analysis (CLCF1, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.53; CNTNAP1, HR&nbsp;=&nbsp;2.17; and DUSP14, HR&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.78; and MT1F: HR&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.40). Machine learning analysis identified a signature of transcripts associated with lung adenocarcinoma outcome that was largely overlapping with the transcripts identified by Cox analysis, including the three most significant genes (CLCF1, CNTNAP1 and DUSP14). Pathway analysis indicated that the signature is enriched for extracellular matrix components. We identified 32 cis-eQTLs for CNTNAP1, including six with an inverse correlation and 26 with a direct correlation between the number of minor alleles and transcript levels. Of these, all but one were prognostic: the six with an inverse correlation were associated with better prognosis (HR &lt;1) while the others were associated with worse prognosis. Our findings provide supportive evidence that genetic predisposition to lung adenocarcinoma outcome is a feature already present in patients' non-involved lung tissue

Femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgeries reported to the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for Cataract and Refractive Surgery:Baseline characteristics, surgical procedure, and outcomes

PurposeTo describe a large cohort of femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgeries in terms of baseline characteristics and the related outcomes.SettingEighteen cataract surgery clinics in 9 European countries and Australia.DesignProspective multicenter case series.MethodsData on consecutive eyes having femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery in the participating clinics were entered in the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for Cataract and Refractive Surgery (EUREQUO). A trained registry manager in each clinic was responsible for valid reporting to the EUREQUO. Demographics, preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), risk factors, type of surgery, type of intraocular lens, visual outcomes, refractive outcomes, and complications were reported.ResultsComplete data were available for 3379 cases. The mean age was 64.4 years ± 10.9 (SD) and 57.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 56.1-59.5) of the patients were women. A surgical complication was reported in 2.9% of all cases (95% CI, 2.4-3.5). The mean postoperative CDVA was 0.04 ± 0.15. logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. A biometry prediction error (spherical equivalent) was within ±0.5 diopter in 71.8% (95% CI, 70.3-73.3) of all surgeries. Postoperative complications were reported in 3.3% (95% CI, 2.7-4.0). Patients with good preoperative CDVA had the best visual and refractive outcomes; patients with poor preoperative visual acuity had poorer outcomes.ConclusionsThe visual and refractive outcomes of femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery were favorable compared with manual phacoemulsification. The outcomes were highly influenced by the preoperative visual acuity, but all preoperative CDVA groups had acceptable outcomes

Status and Trends of Physical Activity Surveillance, Policy, and Research in 164 Countries: Findings From the Global Observatory for Physical Activity—GoPA! 2015 and 2020 Surveys

Background: Physical activity (PA) surveillance, policy, and research efforts need to be periodically appraised to gain insight into national and global capacities for PA promotion. The aim of this paper was to assess the status and trends in PA surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries. Methods: We used data from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) 2015 and 2020 surveys. Comprehensive searches were performed for each country to determine the level of development of their PA surveillance, policy, and research, and the findings were verified by the GoPA! Country Contacts. Trends were analyzed based on the data available for both survey years. Results: The global 5-year progress in all 3 indicators was modest, with most countries either improving or staying at the same level. PA surveillance, policy, and research improved or remained at a high level in 48.1%, 40.6%, and 42.1% of the countries, respectively. PA surveillance, policy, and research scores decreased or remained at a low level in 8.3%, 15.8%, and 28.6% of the countries, respectively. The highest capacity for PA promotion was found in Europe, the lowest in Africa and low- and lower-middle-income countries. Although a large percentage of the world’s population benefit from at least some PA policy, surveillance, and research efforts in their countries, 49.6 million people are without PA surveillance, 629.4 million people are without PA policy, and 108.7 million live in countries without any PA research output. A total of 6.3 billion people or 88.2% of the world’s population live in countries where PA promotion capacity should be significantly improved. Conclusion: Despite PA is essential for health, there are large inequalities between countries and world regions in their capacity to promote PA. Coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the inequalities and improve the global capacity for PA promotion.</jats:p