Média aritmética - uma análise das atividades do livro didáctico de matemática adotados no brasil

Nesse trabalho discutimos os resultados de uma dissertação de mestrado que analisa a abordagem da média aritmética nos livros didáticos de matemática utilizados em escolas públicas do Brasil dos anos finais do ensino fundamental. O estudo, que tem como referencial a teoria dos campos conceituais, levanta os significados, as propriedades e as representações que constituem o campo conceitual da média aritmética que aparecem nas atividades propostas em tais livros. Os invariantes são investigados com uma análise teórica que podem ser mobilizados a partir de propiedades exploradas nas atividades. Concluímos que o campo conceitual da média nos livros didáticos é visto sem propiciar uma compreensão da média como uma medida estatística. Há poucas atividades nos livros didáticos de matemática que propiciem a compreensão por parte do aluno da função estatística da média aritmética

A Arte e a Rua – etnografia audiovisual na periferia de São Paulo

O ensaio discute a produção artística ligada ao Hip Hop em Cidade Tiradentes, maior conjunto habitacional popular da América Latina, situado na Zona Leste de São Paulo, Brasil. As autoras discutem a arte como meio de mobilização e luta política, as transformações da arte de rua e a relação entre arte e espaço público, tendo como base a experiência de antropologia visual compartilhada, que resultou na produção do site Mapa das Artes da Cidade Tiradentes (2009), dos filmes etnográficos, Lá do Leste (2010) e A Arte e a Rua (2011), do livro Lá do Leste (2013) e do webdocumentário www.ladoleste.org

Character Development and Depression in The Last of Us: Video Game and TV Adaptation

This study analyses and reflects on the connection between narrative, character development, and symptoms of depression in the context of The Last of Us (part I) video game and its television adaptation. The investigation seeks to examine and demonstrate how the characters and the narrative processes, in both media, evoke and present the emotional spectrum of depression, as well as their contribution to character portrayal and development. The primary aim of this study is to compare and link the emotional state of the characters with the clinical symptoms of depression, highlighting how the narrative can resonate with real-life mental health experiences. By analysing behaviours, facial expressions, and dialogues of the characters, this work aims to reveal the potential of video games and TV series as mediums for conveying and understanding the complexity of depression as both a clinical phenomenon and a narrative device. Methodologically, the study begins with a comprehensive review of the literature on narrative, character, and depression. Following this, a detailed analysis of the characters in TLOU and their narrative evolution in both media is conducted, utilizing the symptoms of depression and diagnostic established criteria from the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. It was possible to conclude that the depressive symptoms presented by the characters make them more realistic and foster a deeper connection with the audience in both media, as this identification enhances a deeper empathy from the public. It allows the audience not only to understand but also to engage with the characters' internal struggles. In this way, the narratives of TLOU offer an authentic and complex representation of depression, which resonates with the everyday experiences of the audience, thereby reinforcing and enriching the narrative, dramatic, and emotional experience of players and viewers.Este estudo analisa e reflete sobre a conexão entre narrativa, caraterização de personagens e sintomas de depressão no contexto do videojogo The Last of Us (parte I) e na adaptação televisiva do mesmo. A investigação procura averiguar e demonstrar como os personagens e os processos narrativos, em ambas as mídias, evocam e apresentam o espectro emocional da depressão, bem como o contributo destes para a sua caraterização e desenvolvimento. O objetivo principal deste estudo é comparar e vincular o estado emocional dos personagens com os sintomas clínicos da depressão, destacando o modo como a narrativa pode ressoar com experiências reais de saúde mental. Através da análise de comportamentos, expressões faciais e diálogos dos personagens, este trabalho procura evidenciar o potencial dos videojogos e das séries de TV como veículos para a transmissão e compreensão da complexidade da depressão enquanto fenómeno clínico e dispositivo narrativo. Metodologicamente, procedeu-se, inicialmente, a uma revisão abrangente da literatura sobre narrativa, personagens e depressão. Posteriormente, realizou-se uma análise detalhada dos personagens de TLOU e da sua evolução narrativa e dramática nas duas mídias, recorrendo aos sintomas de depressão e critérios estabelecidos pelo Manual diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais. Foi possível concluir que os sintomas de depressão apresentados pelos personagens os tornam mais verossímeis e os fazem ter uma maior conexão com o público de ambas as mídias, na medida em que essa identificação potencia uma empatia mais profunda por parte do público, dado que permitem que este não apenas compreenda, mas também se engaje com as lutas internas dos personagens. Dessa forma, as narrativas de TLOU oferecem uma representação tendencialmente autêntica e complexa da depressão, que se liga às vivências quotidianas do público, reforçando e ampliando a experiência narrativa, dramática e emocional de jogadores e espetadores

Weather-related geo-hazard assessment model for railway embankment stability

The primary objective of this thesis is to develop a model for quantification of weather-related railway embankments hazards. The model for quantification of embankment hazards constitutes an essential component of a decision support system that is required for the management of railway embankment hazards. A model for the deterministic and probabilistic assessment of weather-related geo-hazards (W-GHA model) is proposed based on concepts of unsaturated soil mechanics and hydrology. The model combines a system of two-dimensional partial differential equations governing the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of saturated/unsaturated soils and soil-atmosphere coupling equations. A Dynamic Programming algorithm for slope stability analysis (Safe-DP) was developed and incorporated into the W-GHA model. Finally, an efficient probabilistic and sensitivity analysis framework based on an alternative point estimate method was proposed. According to the W-GHA model framework, railway embankment hazards are assessed based on factors of safety and probabilities of failures computed using soil property variability and case scenarios. A comprehensive study of unsaturated property variability is presented. A methodology for the characterization and assessment of unsaturated soil property variability is proposed. Appropriate fitting equations and parameter were selected. Probability density functions adequate for representing the unsaturated soil parameters studied were determined. Typical central tendency measures, variability measures, and correlation coefficients were established for the unsaturated soil parameters. The inherent variability of the unsaturated soil properties can be addressed using the probabilistic analysis framework proposed herein. A large number of hypothetical railway embankments were analysed using the proposed model. The embankment analyses were undertaken in order to demonstrate the application of the proposed model and in order to determine the sensitivity of the factor of safety to the uncertainty in several input variables. The conclusions drawn from the sensitivity analysis study resulted in important simplifications of the W-GHA model. It was shown how unsaturated soil mechanics can be applied for the assessment of near ground surface stability hazards. The approach proposed in this thesis forms a protocol for application of unsaturated soil mechanics into geotechnical engineering practice. This protocol is based on predicted unsaturated soil properties and based on the use of case scenarios for addressing soil property uncertainty. Other classes of unsaturated soil problems will benefit from the protocol presented in this thesis

Pre-service Teachers\u27 Knowledge: Analysis of teachers\u27 education situation based on TPACK

This paper identifies the knowledge that emerges from collaborative situations, in an initial teachers’ education with integration of digital technology for teaching of function, in a blended and collaborative modality course, aiming to emerge Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in pre-service teachers. The method comprised the design of a teachers’ collaborative training experiment. The experiment had five phases, from a theoretical discussion to plan an Instrumental Orchestration to teach function with digital resources. Collaboratively, students worked in groups. The participants were students from a Mathematics teachers’ education. The experiment took place in the Teaching Methodology of Mathematics discipline at a public university in Brazil. This article focuses on the analysis of students’ knowledge in the planning stage, carried out collaboratively. The data analysis pointed out the three types of Technological, Pedagogical and Content knowledge were identified in different phases of the experiment, sometimes collectively, sometimes individually. In addition, we also identified that some intersections of TPACK emerged from the interactions; despite being in the initial stage of training, the students show pedagogical knowledge linked to knowledge of the content they had at the time of the training experiment

Mathematic e-textbooks in different didactic configurations

The e-textbook is one of the main resources that distance learning institutions make available in the virtual learning environment (VLE) for teachers and students. According to the Brazilian References for Distance Learning, the authors should follow some methodological, epistemological and political principles for its production: to allow students and teachers (educator and tutor) to construct knowledge through interaction with peers. In this paper we seek to map the enrichment of the content in DE carried out by teachers’ educator, from the use of e-textbook, in the light of the analysis of the teacher’s instrumental orchestrations. The theoretical framework comprised Luc Trouche\u27s Instrumental Orchestration, focused on understanding the didactic configuration. Three trainers of Analytical Geometry from two courses of Mathematics teachers’ initial education of Brazilian Open University composed our subjects. As for the method, we adopted some techniques used in the documentational approach to didactics, introduced by Ghislaine Gueudet and Luc Trouche. We made a virtual visit to the teachers\u27 virtual classroom protocols in VLE, and then an interview with each teacher was undertaken. Finally, we asked them to draw a map of the resources they use in class. Our results revealed the need to add other content resources, during didactic mediation forcing the teacher to change his didactic configurations, and the need to think about a collective construction of the e-textbook, discussing in parallel with the main authors of distance learning, teachers and tutors of the performers

Chinese markets: How to enter into it under Brazilian enterprises´ perspectives

The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze under Brazilian enterprises’ perspectives the steps and main challenges to enter into the Chinese market. Doing business with the world´s second largest economy1 has become increasingly important to Western companies of all shapes and sizes. Despite a difficult economic moment around the world, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic, China's economy has continued to grow at near double-digit rates over the past two years (8.1% GDP growth in 2021)2. Nevertheless, to enter into the Chinese market is a complex task for foreign companies with little or no experience of doing business with this target market. In this context, the study identifies the recommended steps and the perspectives of Brazilian enterprises that a company should take before entering the Chinese market. It also addresses topics related to international market selection, competitive environment comprehensions, national competitiveness assessment, and overall business context analysis. Furthermore, it aims to identify the possibilities that a foreign company has to consolidate itself in the Chinese market, factors affecting entry mode decisions and business models, and the practical methods used by Brazilian enterprises to consolidate on this target market. Lastly, the study provides a specific knowledge on how to enter the Chinese market for Brazilian companies.O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar sob a perspectiva das empresas brasileiras os passos e principais desafios para entrar no mercado chinês. Fazer negócios com a segunda maior economia do mundo3 tornou-se cada vez mais importante para empresas ocidentais de todas as formas e tamanhos. Apesar de um momento económico difícil em todo o mundo, em parte devido à pandemia da COVID-19, a economia da China continuou a crescer a taxas próximas dos dois dígitos nos últimos dois anos (8,1% de crescimento do PIB em 2021)4. No entanto, entrar no mercado chinês é uma tarefa complexa para empresas estrangeiras com pouca ou nenhuma experiência em fazer negócios com este mercado alvo. Nesse contexto, este estudo identifica os passos recomendados e as perspectivas das empresas brasileiras que negociam e têm presença no mercado chinês. Abordando temas relacionados à seleção de mercados internacionais, compreensão do ambiente competitivo, avaliação da competitividade nacional e análise do contexto geral do negócio. Além disso, afim de identificar as possibilidades que uma empresa estrangeira tem de se consolidar no mercado chinês, foram analisados também os fatores que afetam as decisões do modo de entrada e modelo de negócio e as práticas utilizadas pelas empresas brasileiras para se consolidar no mercado chinês. Por fim, o estudo fornece conhecimento específico para empresas brasileiras sobre como entrar no mercado chinês

Teacher education for integrating resources in mathematics teaching: contributions from instrumental meta-orchestration

This paper introduces the model of instrumental meta-orchestration (IMO), as an extension of the model of instrumental orchestration. This IMO model is defined as a systematic and intentional monitoring, by a teacher educator, of artefacts and teachers (or pre-service teachers) for facing a Meta-situation, defined as a composition of situations of different natures and difficulty levels. An IMO, in itself, is a composition of instrumental orchestrations (sequenced or interwoven). This paper presents and discusses an instrumental meta-orchestration experienced in a class of undergraduate mathematics teachers. The development of the initial model results in: new concepts, such as ad hoc reaction, didactic meta-configuration, exploitation modes and didactic meta-performance; new features, such as flexibility and interactivity; and new phenomena, such as cascade effects. It also reveals the importance of unexpected events that occur between orchestrations. Moreover, it expanded the forms of destination for evaluating specific online documents, which are named webdocs. Finally, the paper discusses the contribution to mathematics teacher education of such an extended model

Multidimensional Perspective about Resistors Association in Electric Circuits: Part I - Investigating Non-Scientific Conceptions and Instructional Materials / Perspectiva multidimensional sobre a associação de resistores em circuitos elétricos: Parte I - Investigando concepções não científicas e materiais instrucionais

The main goal is evaluating and analyzing non-scientific conceptions and learning difficulties in electric circuits. Reflections and instructional considerations will be admitted among researches in literature and some textbooks focusing topological representation. The study was carried out prioritizing the main concepts of equivalent resistance and association between resistors, including the perception of foundational and auxiliary concepts. A verifying of causal elements for intuitive reasoning on series and parallel circuits were analyzed. Is was found that understandings involve a complex linguistic and symbolic context. They had showed essential for bringing out a perspective about multidimensional representation. Findings characterize this as an active area where confusions appear when non-conventional diagrams are explored or due the visual homogeneity in textbooks, didactic choices or scientific books.