SEOM-GEINO clinical guidelines for high-grade gliomas of adulthood (2022)

High-grade gliomas (HGG) are the most common primary brain malignancies and account for more than half of all malignant primary brain tumors. The new 2021 WHO classification divides adult HGG into four subtypes: grade 3 oligodendroglioma (1p/19 codeleted, IDH-mutant); grade 3 IDH-mutant astrocytoma; grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytoma, and grade 4 IDH wild-type glioblastoma (GB). Radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CTX) are the current standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed HGG. Several clinically relevant molecular markers that assist in diagnosis and prognosis have recently been identified. The treatment for recurrent high-grade gliomas is not well defined and decision-making is usually based on prior strategies, as well as several clinical and radiological factors. Whereas the prognosis for GB is grim (5-year survival rate of 5-10%) outcomes for the other high-grade gliomas are typically better, depending on the molecular features of the tumor. The presence of neurological deficits and seizures can significantly impact quality of life

Development and Validation of an Early Mortality Risk Score for Older Patients Treated with Chemotherapy for Cancer

Background: Estimation of life expectancy in older patients is relevant to select the best treatment strategy. We aimed to develop and validate a score to predict early mortality in older patients with cancer. Patients and Methods: A total of 749 patients over 70 years starting new chemotherapy regimens were prospectively included. A prechemotherapy assessment that included sociodemographic variables, tumor/treatment variables, and geriatric assessment variables was performed. Association between these factors and early death was examined using multivariable logistic regression. Score points were assigned to each risk factor. External validation was performed on an independent cohort. Results: In the training cohort, the independent predictors of 6-month mortality were metastatic stage (OR 4.8, 95% CI [2.4-9.6]), ECOG-PS 2 (OR 2.3, 95% CI [1.1-5.2]), ADL ≤ 5 (OR 1.7, 95% CI [1.1-3.5]), serum albumin levels ≤ 3.5 g/dL (OR 3.4, 95% CI [1.7-6.6]), BMI < 23 kg/m2 (OR 2.5, 95% CI [1.3-4.9]), and hemoglobin levels < 11 g/dL (OR 2.4, 95% CI (1.2-4.7)). With these results, we built a prognostic score. The area under the ROC curve was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.84), and in the validation set, it was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.67-0.79). Conclusions: This simple and highly accurate tool can help physicians making decisions in elderly patients with cancer who are planned to initiate chemotherapy treatment

Adapting care for older cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations from the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) COVID-19 Working Group

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a barrier to equal and evidence-based management of cancer in older adults. The International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) formed a panel of experts to develop consensus recommendations on the implications of the pandemic on several aspects of cancer care in this age group including geriatric assessment (GA), surgery, radiotherapy, systemic treatment, palliative care and research. Age and cancer diagnosis are significant predictors of adverse outcomes of the COVID-19 infection. In this setting, GA is particularly valuable to drive decision-making. GA may aid estimating physiologic reserve and adaptive capability, assessing risk-benefits of either providing or temporarily withholding treatments, and determining patient preferences to help inform treatment decisions. In a resource-constrained setting, geriatric screening tools may be administered remotely to identify patients requiring comprehensive GA. Tele-health is also crucial to ensure adequate continuity of care and minimize the risk of infection exposure. In general, therapeutic decisions should favor the most effective and least invasive approach with the lowest risk of adverse outcomes. In selected cases, this might require deferring or omitting surgery, radiotherapy or systemic treatments especially where benefits are marginal and alternative safe therapeutic options are available. Ongoing research is necessary to expand knowledge of the management of cancer in older adults. However, the pandemic presents a significant barrier and efforts should be made to ensure equitable access to clinical trials and prospective data collection to elucidate the outcomes of COVID-19 in this population

Niraparib in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and DNA repair gene defects (GALAHAD): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial

Background Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers are enriched for DNA repair gene defects (DRDs) that can be susceptible to synthetic lethality through inhibition of PARP proteins. We evaluated the anti-tumour activity and safety of the PARP inhibitor niraparib in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers and DRDs who progressed on previous treatment with an androgen signalling inhibitor and a taxane. Methods In this multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study, patients aged at least 18 years with histologically confirmed metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mixed histology accepted, with the exception of the small cell pure phenotype) and DRDs (assessed in blood, tumour tissue, or saliva), with progression on a previous next-generation androgen signalling inhibitor and a taxane per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 or Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 criteria and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2, were eligible. Enrolled patients received niraparib 300 mg orally once daily until treatment discontinuation, death, or study termination. For the final study analysis, all patients who received at least one dose of study drug were included in the safety analysis population; patients with germline pathogenic or somatic biallelic pathogenic alterations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA cohort) or biallelic alterations in other prespecified DRDs (non-BRCA cohort) were included in the efficacy analysis population. The primary endpoint was objective response rate in patients with BRCA alterations and measurable disease (measurable BRCA cohort). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02854436. Findings Between Sept 28, 2016, and June 26, 2020, 289 patients were enrolled, of whom 182 (63%) had received three or more systemic therapies for prostate cancer. 223 (77%) of 289 patients were included in the overall efficacy analysis population, which included BRCA (n=142) and non-BRCA (n=81) cohorts. At final analysis, with a median follow-up of 10·0 months (IQR 6·6–13·3), the objective response rate in the measurable BRCA cohort (n=76) was 34·2% (95% CI 23·7–46·0). In the safety analysis population, the most common treatment-emergent adverse events of any grade were nausea (169 [58%] of 289), anaemia (156 [54%]), and vomiting (111 [38%]); the most common grade 3 or worse events were haematological (anaemia in 95 [33%] of 289; thrombocytopenia in 47 [16%]; and neutropenia in 28 [10%]). Of 134 (46%) of 289 patients with at least one serious treatment-emergent adverse event, the most common were also haematological (thrombocytopenia in 17 [6%] and anaemia in 13 [4%]). Two adverse events with fatal outcome (one patient with urosepsis in the BRCA cohort and one patient with sepsis in the non-BRCA cohort) were deemed possibly related to niraparib treatment. Interpretation Niraparib is tolerable and shows anti-tumour activity in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and DRDs, particularly in those with BRCA alterations

Caracterització oncològica i geriàtrica dels malalts grans amb càncer de pulmó de la consulta d'oncologia mèdica a l'àmbit d'un hospital comarcal

A mesura que l'esperança de vida augmenta, augmenta la incidència i prevalença dels malalts grans amb càncer. El càncer de pulmó està associat amb l'edat(1). Malgrat que quasi la meitat dels nous casos es donen en gent gran, baix és el percentatge de malalts grans inclòs en assaig clínic(2). La principal característica de l'envelliment és la seva heterogeneïtat. Per identificar millor el malalt gran, la geriatria ha desenvolupat eines d'aproximació a la població gran. Aquestes s'anomenen avaluació geriàtrica global(CGA). La CGA contribueix amb l'oncologia aportant informació addicional, que permet estratificar els malalts en funció del seu risc de deteriorament funcional front a situacions d'estrès, com ara una neoplàsia(2). Detecta aquells malalts que es beneficiarien d'una intervenció geriàtrica prèvia a una intervenció/tractament oncològic(2-4). L'ús de la CGA en oncologia és molt limitat. Per tal de descriure la població gran amb càncer de pulmó de la nostra consulta, apliquem de manera prospectiva instruments d'avaluació geriàtrica. L'objectiu del treball va ser la implementació d'aquestes eines en la pràctica diària. Es tracta d'un estudi epidemiològic descriptiu del malalt gran amb càncer de pulmó del Departament 14.Resultats: de Gener de 2006 a Febrer del 2008, 83 malalts van ser avaluats prospectivament. El 97,6% eren homes, amb una mitjana d'edat de 77 anys (70-91). El 96,4% tenien història de tabaquisme; 72,5% exfumadors. La relació entre hàbit tabàquic i supervivència va mostrar tendència a la significació estadística. El tabaquisme es va relacionar significativament amb la histologia. Un 21,7% tenien antecedents d'altres neoplàsies i forta història de tabaquisme a la família. L'estadi es va relacionar amb la supervivència. El 61,3% tenien histologia epidermoide, relacionada significativament amb la supervivència. 84% estaven simptomàtics al diagnòstic. Alguns dels símptomes es van relacionar amb la supervivència. El 70% presentaven PS 0-1 al diagnòstic, associat significativament amb la supervivència. Pel que fa a les variables geriàtriques, els malalts van presentar un ampli espectre de dependències en ADL i IADL. El 51,8% eren independents per ADL mentre sòls el 30,1% ho era per IADL. Destaca comorbiditat elevada, no relacionada amb la supervivència. El 26,4% tenien criteris de demència i 31,3% de depressió. El 41,4% pèrdua de pes al diagnòstic i 34,9% albúmina baixa. Els malalts presentaven un fort recolzament social, per part de la família. Un 48,2% tenia algun síndrome geriàtric i el 72,3% complia criteris de fragilitat. Respecte la informació, el 73,5% dels malalts sol·licitava informació activa. Un 56,6% acceptaria com a objectiu del tractament l'augment de la supervivència. En el moment de l'anàlisi, el 70,1% dels malalts havien mort. La supervivència global fou de 326 dies. La principal causa de mort fou la progressió tumoral. Els factors relacionats amb la supervivència foren principalment els tumorals: estadi (pConclusions: l'aplicació d'una aproximació geriàtrica és factible en la pràctica diària. Aquesta, aporta informació addicional, no detectada per l'avaluació oncològica. Tot i que alguns paràmetres de l'envelliment es van relacionar amb pitjor supervivència; el mal pronòstic del càncer de pulmó va ser superior al pronòstic intrínsec a l'envelliment. La principal causa de mort en el malalt gran amb càncer de pulmó del nostre treball fou la tumoral. La col·laboració conjunta de la geriatria i l'oncologia ens ha d'ajudar a optimitzar la balança risc/benefici en el tractament d'aquesta població heterogènia.As a result of an increasing life expectancy, incidence and prevalence of elderly cancer patients rises. Lung cancer is one of the most elderly related neoplasms. Despite almost 50% of new diagnoses of lung cancer occur in the elderly; elderly are underrepresented at clinical trials. Aging is a highly individualized process and all the changes that occur cannot be predicted on the basis of chronological age. A much more thorough method, such a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), has been developed by geriatricians to be used when evaluating elderly cancer patients. The CGA has the ability to detect health problems in elderly patients, helping oncologist. It can identify patients that potentially benefit from an extensive evaluation. CGA use in oncology is limited; the best form of CGA for cancer patients remains to be defined. To describe oncology and geriatric profile of elderly lung cancer patients, we prospectively applied an evaluation form. The ultimate goal was to know if the application was feasible in an oncology outpatient unit. This is an epidemiologyc descriptive study of elderly lung cancer patients at Department 14.Results: Between January 2006 and February 2008, 83 patients > 70 years of age underwent prospectively assessment in our Department. 81 patients (97.6%) males. Median age 77 years (range 70-91). 96.4% had smoking history; 72.5% ex-smokers. Neither smoking habit (former versus exsmoker versus nonsmoker) was correlated with survival. 18 patients (21.7%) had a previous diagnosis of neoplastic disease. Staging: 19 patients (22.9%) had localized disease, 34 had regional spreading (41%) and 43 (36.1%) disseminated stage. The stage at diagnosis significantly correlated with survival (logrank p84% were symptomatic at diagnosis; some symptoms were related to survival. 70% had PS 0-1 at diagnosis; significantly correlated with survival. Roughly half of the patients (40; 48.2%) had ADL and 58 (69.9%) had IADL dependency. High comorbidity index, measured by Charlson and SCS scores weren't related to survival. Cognitive deficits were found in 22 (26.4%) patients and 26 (31.3%) had depression. An unintentional weight loss of more than 8.2% (range 1-21%) total body weight over the previous three months (range 1-8 months) was reported by 37 patients (44.6%). Mean albuminemia was 2.6 g/dl (range 2-5.9 g/dl). Albuminemia levels were below normal reference limits in 35% of patients. Almost all patients reported social support (98.8%) by family members. At least one geriatric syndrome was found in 40 (48.2%) patients. 72.3% had frailty criteria. 73.5% wanted to have diagnosis information. 56.6% if treated, shown their desire of improve survival.At the end of the study (December 2008), 59 patients had died (70.1%). Mean survival was 326 days (10.8 months; CI 95% 259-393). The main cause of death was lung cancer disease progression (69.5%, 57 patients), with 20 patients (25%) dying of other non-neoplastic causes. Neoplasic factors related to survival were: stage (pConclusions: A geriatric assessment could be applied to elderly lung cancer patients attended at an outpatient oncology department. Although most of the patients are frail, it seems that lung cancer prognosis is superior than aging factors. We have applied CGA and it seems that aging does not worsen the prognosis of lung cancer, except for certain aging-related parameters. Only by working together (medical oncologists, geriatrists) can we hope to offer a quality assistance in this increasing population

Caracterització oncològica i geriàtrica dels malalts grans amb càncer de pulmó de la consulta d'oncologia mèdica a l'àmbit d'un hospital comarcal

Descripció del recurs: 25 gener 2011A mesura que l'esperança de vida augmenta, augmenta la incidència i prevalença dels malalts grans amb càncer. El càncer de pulmó està associat amb l'edat(1). Malgrat que quasi la meitat dels nous casos es donen en gent gran, baix és el percentatge de malalts grans inclòs en assaig clínic(2). La principal característica de l'envelliment és la seva heterogeneïtat. Per identificar millor el malalt gran, la geriatria ha desenvolupat eines d'aproximació a la població gran. Aquestes s'anomenen avaluació geriàtrica global(CGA). La CGA contribueix amb l'oncologia aportant informació addicional, que permet estratificar els malalts en funció del seu risc de deteriorament funcional front a situacions d'estrès, com ara una neoplàsia(2). Detecta aquells malalts que es beneficiarien d'una intervenció geriàtrica prèvia a una intervenció/tractament oncològic(2-4). L'ús de la CGA en oncologia és molt limitat. Per tal de descriure la població gran amb càncer de pulmó de la nostra consulta, apliquem de manera prospectiva instruments d'avaluació geriàtrica. L'objectiu del treball va ser la implementació d'aquestes eines en la pràctica diària. Es tracta d'un estudi epidemiològic descriptiu del malalt gran amb càncer de pulmó del Departament 14.Resultats: de Gener de 2006 a Febrer del 2008, 83 malalts van ser avaluats prospectivament. El 97,6% eren homes, amb una mitjana d'edat de 77 anys (70-91). El 96,4% tenien història de tabaquisme; 72,5% exfumadors. La relació entre hàbit tabàquic i supervivència va mostrar tendència a la significació estadística. El tabaquisme es va relacionar significativament amb la histologia. Un 21,7% tenien antecedents d'altres neoplàsies i forta història de tabaquisme a la família. L'estadi es va relacionar amb la supervivència. El 61,3% tenien histologia epidermoide, relacionada significativament amb la supervivència. 84% estaven simptomàtics al diagnòstic. Alguns dels símptomes es van relacionar amb la supervivència. El 70% presentaven PS 0-1 al diagnòstic, associat significativament amb la supervivència. Pel que fa a les variables geriàtriques, els malalts van presentar un ampli espectre de dependències en ADL i IADL. El 51,8% eren independents per ADL mentre sòls el 30,1% ho era per IADL. Destaca comorbiditat elevada, no relacionada amb la supervivència. El 26,4% tenien criteris de demència i 31,3% de depressió. El 41,4% pèrdua de pes al diagnòstic i 34,9% albúmina baixa. Els malalts presentaven un fort recolzament social, per part de la família. Un 48,2% tenia algun síndrome geriàtric i el 72,3% complia criteris de fragilitat. Respecte la informació, el 73,5% dels malalts sol·licitava informació activa. Un 56,6% acceptaria com a objectiu del tractament l'augment de la supervivència. En el moment de l'anàlisi, el 70,1% dels malalts havien mort. La supervivència global fou de 326 dies. La principal causa de mort fou la progressió tumoral. Els factors relacionats amb la supervivència foren principalment els tumorals: estadi (p&lt;0,001), PS (p:0,0003), histologia escamós (p:0,003), alguns símptomes al diagnòstic (pèrdua de pes; astènia, anorèxia, dolor) (p&lt;0,05). Alguns dels paràmetres geriàtrics es van relacionar significativament amb la supervivència: IADL (p&lt;0,001), demència (p:0,02), depressió (p:0,0006), deliri (p:0,04) incontinència (p:0,04). Els criteris de fragilitat o la comorbiditat no es van relacionar amb la supervivència. Cap d'aquests paràmetres estava relacionat de manera significativa amb l'edat. L'edat no es va relacionar amb la supervivència.Conclusions: l'aplicació d'una aproximació geriàtrica és factible en la pràctica diària. Aquesta, aporta informació addicional, no detectada per l'avaluació oncològica. Tot i que alguns paràmetres de l'envelliment es van relacionar amb pitjor supervivència; el mal pronòstic del càncer de pulmó va ser superior al pronòstic intrínsec a l'envelliment. La principal causa de mort en el malalt gran amb càncer de pulmó del nostre treball fou la tumoral. La col·laboració conjunta de la geriatria i l'oncologia ens ha d'ajudar a optimitzar la balança risc/benefici en el tractament d'aquesta població heterogènia.As a result of an increasing life expectancy, incidence and prevalence of elderly cancer patients rises. Lung cancer is one of the most elderly related neoplasms. Despite almost 50% of new diagnoses of lung cancer occur in the elderly; elderly are underrepresented at clinical trials. Aging is a highly individualized process and all the changes that occur cannot be predicted on the basis of chronological age. A much more thorough method, such a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), has been developed by geriatricians to be used when evaluating elderly cancer patients. The CGA has the ability to detect health problems in elderly patients, helping oncologist. It can identify patients that potentially benefit from an extensive evaluation. CGA use in oncology is limited; the best form of CGA for cancer patients remains to be defined. To describe oncology and geriatric profile of elderly lung cancer patients, we prospectively applied an evaluation form. The ultimate goal was to know if the application was feasible in an oncology outpatient unit. This is an epidemiologyc descriptive study of elderly lung cancer patients at Department 14.Results: Between January 2006 and February 2008, 83 patients &gt; 70 years of age underwent prospectively assessment in our Department. 81 patients (97.6%) males. Median age 77 years (range 70-91). 96.4% had smoking history; 72.5% ex-smokers. Neither smoking habit (former versus exsmoker versus nonsmoker) was correlated with survival. 18 patients (21.7%) had a previous diagnosis of neoplastic disease. Staging: 19 patients (22.9%) had localized disease, 34 had regional spreading (41%) and 43 (36.1%) disseminated stage. The stage at diagnosis significantly correlated with survival (logrank p&lt;0.001). 61.3% had squamous histologic type; significantly related with survival. 84% were symptomatic at diagnosis; some symptoms were related to survival. 70% had PS 0-1 at diagnosis; significantly correlated with survival. Roughly half of the patients (40; 48.2%) had ADL and 58 (69.9%) had IADL dependency. High comorbidity index, measured by Charlson and SCS scores weren't related to survival. Cognitive deficits were found in 22 (26.4%) patients and 26 (31.3%) had depression. An unintentional weight loss of more than 8.2% (range 1-21%) total body weight over the previous three months (range 1-8 months) was reported by 37 patients (44.6%). Mean albuminemia was 2.6 g/dl (range 2-5.9 g/dl). Albuminemia levels were below normal reference limits in 35% of patients. Almost all patients reported social support (98.8%) by family members. At least one geriatric syndrome was found in 40 (48.2%) patients. 72.3% had frailty criteria. 73.5% wanted to have diagnosis information. 56.6% if treated, shown their desire of improve survival.At the end of the study (December 2008), 59 patients had died (70.1%). Mean survival was 326 days (10.8 months; CI 95% 259-393). The main cause of death was lung cancer disease progression (69.5%, 57 patients), with 20 patients (25%) dying of other non-neoplastic causes. Neoplasic factors related to survival were: stage (p&lt;0.001), PS (p:0.0003), squamous histologic type (p:0.003), some symptoms (weight loss , astenia, anorexia, pain) (p&lt;0.05). some geriatric items were related to survival: IADL (p&lt;0.001), cognitive deficit (p:0.02), depression (p:0.0006), delirium (p:0.04), incontinence (p:0.04). Items related to survival weren't related to age. Conclusions: A geriatric assessment could be applied to elderly lung cancer patients attended at an outpatient oncology department. Although most of the patients are frail, it seems that lung cancer prognosis is superior than aging factors. We have applied CGA and it seems that aging does not worsen the prognosis of lung cancer, except for certain aging-related parameters. Only by working together (medical oncologists, geriatrists) can we hope to offer a quality assistance in this increasing population

Expert consensus to optimize the treatment of elderly patients with luminal metastatic breast cancer

Most patients diagnosed with luminal metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who are seen in oncology consultations are elderly. MBC in elderly patients is characterized by a higher percentage of hormone receptor (HR) expression and a lower expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The decision regarding which treatment to administer to these patients is complex due to the lack of solid evidence to support the decision-making process. The objective of this paper is to review the scientific evidence on the treatment of elderly patients with luminal MBC. For this purpose, the Oncogeriatrics Section of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), the Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM) and the SOLTI Group appointed a group of experts who have worked together to establish consensus recommendations to optimize the treatment of this population. It was concluded that the chronological age of the patient alone should not guide therapeutic decisions and that a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) should be performed whenever possible before establishing treatment. Treatment selection for the elderly population should consider the patient's baseline status, the expected benefit and toxicity of each treatment, and the impact of treatment toxicity on the patient's quality of life and functionality

Phase II Trial Evaluating Olaparib Maintenance in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Responsive or Stabilized on Docetaxel Treatment: SOGUG-IMANOL Study

In this study, based on the results of chemotherapy or poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi) maintenance in other tumors, we explore whether olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, could be useful in terms of prolonging radiographic progression of the disease in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with specific mutations whose illness had not progressed under treatment with docetaxel—A standard chemotherapy for these patients. In the 14 patients included in this study harboring mutations in homologous recombination genes, olaparib maintenance was an effective option, stabilizing the metastasis and extending the radiographic and clinical progression of the disease with tolerable and manageable adverse events. Overall, the results suggest this alternative could be useful for selected patients.This work was supported by AstraZeneca Farmacéutica Spain, S.A. (Madrid, Spain).Medicin

State of the scientific evidence and recommendations for the management of older patients with gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent and deadly tumours worldwide. However, the evidence that currently exists for the treatment of older adults is limited and is derived mainly from clinical trials in which older patients are poorly represented. In this article, a group of experts selected from the Oncogeriatrics Section of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), the Spanish Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumours (TTD), and the Spanish Multidisciplinary Group on Digestive Cancer (GEMCAD) reviews the existing scientific evidence for older patients ( >= 65 years old) with gastric cancer and establishes a series of recommendations that allow optimization of management during all phases of the disease. Geriatric assessment (GA) and a multidisciplinary approach should be fundamental parts of the process. In early stages, endoscopic submucosal resection or laparoscopic gastrectomy is recommended depending on the stage. In locally advanced stage, the tolerability of triplet regimens has been established; however, as in the metastatic stage, platinum- and fluoropyrimidine-based regimens with the possibility of lower dose intensity are recommended resulting in similar efficacy. Likewise, the administration of trastuzumab, ramucirumab and immunotherapy for unresectable metastatic or locally advanced disease is safe. Supportive treatment acquires special importance in a population with different life expectancies than at a younger age. It is essential to consider the general state of the patient and the psychosocial dimension