Higher order two-mode and multi-mode entanglement in Raman processes

The existence of higher order entanglement in the stimulated and spontaneous Raman processes is established using the perturbative solutions of the Heisenberg equations of motion for various field modes that are obtained using the Sen-Mandal technique and a fully quantum mechanical Hamiltonian that describes the stimulated and spontaneous Raman processes. Specifically, the perturbative Sen-Mandal solutions are exploited here to show the signature of the higher order two-mode and multi-mode entanglement. In some special cases, we have also observed higher order entanglement in the partially spontaneous Raman processes. Further, it is shown that the depth of the nonclassicality indicators (parameters) can be manipulated by the specific choice of coupling constants, and it is observed that the depth of nonclassicality parameters increases with the order.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1301.028

Intermodal entanglement in Raman processes

The operator solution of a completely quantum mechanical Hamiltonian of the Raman processes is used here to investigate the possibility of obtaining intermodal entanglement between different modes involved in the Raman processes (e.g. pump mode, Stokes mode, vibration (phonon) mode and anti-Stokes mode). Intermodal entanglement is reported between a) pump mode and anti-Stokes mode, b) pump mode and vibration (phonon) mode c) Stokes mode and vibration phonon mode, d) Stokes mode and anti-stokes mode in the stimulated Raman processes for the variation of the phase angle of complex eigenvalue $\alpha_{1}$ of pump mode $a$. Some incidents of intermodal entanglement in the spontaneous and the partially spontaneous Raman processes are also reported. Further it is shown that the specific choice of coupling constants may produce genuine entanglement among Stokes mode, anti-Stokes mode and vibration-phonon mode. It is also shown that the two mode entanglement not identified by Duan's criterion may be identified by Hillery-Zubairy criteria. It is further shown that intermodal entanglement, intermodal antibunching and intermodal squeezing are independent phenomena.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Restoration of uterine redox-balance by methanolic extract of Camellia sinensis in arsenicated rats

Arsenic, an environmental and industrial pollutant causes female reproductive disturbances and female infertility. Several researchers found that the use of Camellia sinensis (CS) (green tea) is effective as an alternative therapeutic strategy in the management of several health ailments. This study explores the role of CS extract against arsenic-induced rat uterine tissue damage. Methanolic extract of CS (10 mg/kg BW) was tested concomitantly in arsenic-treated (10 mg/kg BW) rats for a duration of two-oestrous cycle length (8 days). CS effectively attenuated arsenic-induced antioxidantdepletion and necrosis in uterine tissue. Rats treated with sodium arsenite showed significantly reduced activities of enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in uterine tissue as evidenced by the results of spectrophotometric and electrozymographic analysis. Co-administration of CS significantly reversed the above oxidative stress markers in uterine tissue along with the histopathological changes in ovarian and uterine tissue. Moreover, an increase in the level of transcription factor NF-κB in the uterine tissue in association with reduced serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid were mitigated in arsenic fed rats following CS co-administration

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Nonclassicalities of the Superposition State of Coherent and Photon-Added-Coherent State

The nonclassical properties of the hybrid coherent state (HCS), which is the superposition state of the coherent state and photon-added coherent (PAC) state, is investigated analytically. We evaluated the photon number statistics, the Wigner-Yanase skew information, the Mandel Q factor and the quadrature squeezing of the HCS to quantify its nonclassicality. This superposition state exhibits more nonclassical properties than the PAC state and even the superposition state of coherent state and single-photon-added coherent (SPAC) state. We reported that the addition of more photons to the PAC state part of the HCS generally quantifies more nonclassicalities. The nonclassical properties of the HCS also depend on the amplitudes of coherent state and the PAC state in the HCS

Sepsis Screen Parameters in Blood Culture Positive Neonatal Sepsis

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome of bacteremia characterized by systemic signs and symptoms of infection in the first 28 days of life. Although, Positive blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of neonatal septicemia, definitive culture results take at least 48–72 h, resulting in treatment delay. Hence certain rapid diagnostic tests such as C-reactive protein, micro erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, and immature/total neutrophil count ratio collectively termed as the “Sepsis Screen” is used. The aim of this research is to study the relation between sepsis screen parameters and blood culture proven neonatal sepsis and to assess the clinical profile of neonates with culture-proven sepsis. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive observational study conducted on 97 clinically suspected neonatal sepsis cases in the neonatal intensive care unit.. Sepsis screen tests were evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The culture results were correlated with sepsis screen tests and p-value<0.05 was considered significant.  Results: Early-onset sepsis was seen in 47.4% cases, while late-onset sepsis accounted for 52.6% cases. Immature to total neutrophil ratio was the single best reliable sepsis screen test with a high specificity, PPV, and negative predictive values of 93.8%, 85.7%, and 88.4% respectively. Conclusion: Most of the individual sepsis screen parameters showed statistical correlation with blood culture status, yet Immature to total neutrophil ratio had highest sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and proved to be a sensitive and responsive indicator of neonatal sepsis

Adsorption studies of chromium (VI) removal from water by lanthanum diethanolamine hybrid material

<div><p>In the present research work, lanthanum diethanolamine hybrid material is synthesized by co-precipitation method and used for the removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic dichromate solution and hand pump water sample. The sorption experiments were carried out in batch mode to optimize various influencing parameters such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, competitive anions and temperature. The characterization of the material and mechanism of Cr(VI) adsorption on the material was studied by using scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and thermogravimetric analysis–differential thermal analysis. Adsorption kinetics studies reveal that the adsorption process followed first-order kinetics and intraparticle diffusion model with correlation coefficients (<i>R</i>²) of 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. The adsorption data were best fitted to linearly transformed Langmuir isotherm with correlation coefficient (<i>R</i>²) of 0.997. The maximum removal of Cr(VI) is found to be 99.31% at optimal condition: pH=5.6 of the solution, adsorbent dose of 8 g L⁻¹ with initial concentration of 10 mg L⁻¹ of Cr(VI) solution and an equilibrium time of 50 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of the material is 357.1 mg g⁻¹. Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated to study the effect of temperature on the removal process. The study shows that the adsorption process is feasible and endothermic in nature. The value of <i>E</i> (260.6 kJ mol⁻¹) indicates the chemisorption nature of the adsorption process. The material is difficult to be regenerated. The above studies indicate that the hybrid material is capable of removing Cr(VI) from water.</p></div

Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among Healthcare Workers in South Asia in non-outbreak settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and sub-group-specific prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carrier rate among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in South Asia. Methodology We considered prospective and cross-sectional studies published in the English language with participants ≥ 50 by searching different electronic databases to locate the relevant articles that reported the epidemiology of MRSA. The participants were healthy South Asian nationality HCWs (asymptomatic for any infectious disease) of any age and gender with a definitive diagnosis of MRSA carriage. The result was synthesized for the pooled prevalence of MRSA carriers among HCWs using 95% confidence interval (CI) with DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models. Results The pooled prevalence of MRSA carriage among HCWs was 9.23% (95%CI; 6.50%, 12.35%) with a range from 0.67% to 36.06%. The prevalence in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh was 5.65% (95%CI; 3.65%, 8.03%), 8.83% (95%CI; 6.77%, 11.11%), 17.20% (95%CI; 10.70%, 24.85%), 22.56% (95%CI; 4.93%, 47.83%) and 4.93% (95%CI; 1.88%, 9.20%) respectively. The pooled prevalence of MRSA carriage among nurses and doctors was 8.90% (95%CI; 6.00%, 12.24%) and 6.53% (95%CI; 3.63%, 10.06%) respectively. Conclusion The findings from our study suggests that if the propagation of MRSA continues, then it can lead to a situation of an outbreak. Hence, proper preventive measures are to be adopted to prevent this outbreak.Peer reviewe