A Multiscale Approach for the Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flows with Droplets

A multiscale approach for the detailed simulation of water droplets dispersed in a turbulent airflow is presented. The multiscale procedure combines a novel representative volume element (RVE) with the Pseudo Direct Numerical Simulation (P-DNS) method. The solution at the coarse-scale relies on a synthetic model, constructed using precomputed offline RVE simulations and an alternating digital tree, to characterize the non-linear dynamic response at the fine-scale. A set of numerical experiments for a wide range of volume fractions, particle distribution sizes, and external shear forces in the RVE are carried out. Quantitative results of the statistically stationary turbulent state are obtained, and the turbulence modulation phenomenon due to the presence of droplets is discussed. The developed synthetic model is then employed to solve global scale simulations of flows with airborne droplets via the P-DNS method. Improved predictions are obtained for flow conditions where turbulence modulation is noticeable.Fil: Gimenez, Juan Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; ArgentinaFil: Idelsohn, Sergio Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Oñate, Eugenio. Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya; EspañaFil: Löhner, Rainald. George Mason University; Estados Unido

Apsidal Motion of the Massive, Benchmark Eclipsing Binary V578 Mon

V578 Mon is a system of two early B-type stars in the Rosette Nebula star-forming region (NGC 2244), and is one of only nine eclipsing binaries with component masses greater than 10 M\odot whose physical parameters have been determined with an accuracy of better than 3%. It is therefore a benchmark system for evolutionary and stellar structure models of newly formed massive stars. Combining our multi-band light curves spanning 40 yr with previous light curve data from the literature, we fit a model light curve that for the first time includes the effects of apsidal motion of the system. We measure an apsidal period of 33.48+0.10-0.06 yr. As a consequence of incorporating the apsidal motion into the modeling of the system's orbital parameters, we determine an updated eccentricity of e = 0.07755+0.00022-0.00027, which differs significantly from the value previously reported in the literature. Evidently, the inclusion of apsidal motion in the light curve modeling significantly affects the eccentricity determination. Incorporating these key parameters into a comprehensive model of the system's physical parameters-including internal structure constraints- will bring V578 Mon to the next level of benchmark precision and utility.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, to appear in the Astronomical Journa

Boosting the sustainable development goals in a civil engineering bachelor degree program

This article is (c) Emerald Group Publishing and permission has been granted for this version to appear here (please insert the web address here). Emerald does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without the express permission from Emerald Group Publishing Limited.[EN] Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the potential for implementing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the civil engineering bachelor degree in the School of Civil Engineering at Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain). Design/methodology/approach All the 2019/2020 course syllabi were analyzed to diagnose at which extent each subject within the program curriculum contributes to achieving the different SDGs. Findings The results show a promising starting point as 75% of the courses address or have potential to address targets covering the 2030 Agenda. This paper also presents actions launched by the School of Civil Engineering to boost the SDGs into the civil engineering curriculum. Originality/value This paper presents a rigorous and systematic method that can be carried out in different bachelor degrees to find the subjects that have the potential to incorporate the SDGs into their program. This paper also presents actions launched by the Civil Engineering School to boost the SDGs into the civil engineering curriculum.This innovative educational project and the article processing charge of this paper were funded by Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, through the project PIME/19-20/159 "Incorporacion de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en el plan de estudios del Grado en Ingenieria Civil". The authors thank the support and cooperation given by individuals, organizations, and companies that collaborated in the different transversal activities, as well as to the instructors who gave us feedback on the reviewing of their course syllabi.Gómez-Martín, ME.; Gimenez-Carbo, E.; Andrés-Doménech, I.; Pellicer, E. (2021). Boosting the sustainable development goals in a civil engineering bachelor degree program. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. 22(8):125-145. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-02-2021-0065S12514522

Análisis del enfoque de la asignatura laboratorio de software en la sede Ushuaia de la UNPSJB

Se analiza el enfoque y resultados de tres años de implementación de la asignatura Laboratorio de Software en la sede Ushuaia de la UNPSJB. Las particularidades del curso (Reducido número de alumnos, Conocimientos previos de Análisis y Diseño de Sistemas, Escasa experiencia en desarrollo de proyectos en equipo) nos llevó a plantear un curso centrado en problemas (“problem based learning”) buscando estimular las aptitudes de estudio e investigación de los alumnos y al mismo tiempo motivando el trabajo en equipo. Con un tercer curso en desarrollo es interesante hacer un balance de las ventajas y desventajas apreciadas hasta el momento. En particular tratamos de diferenciar la metodología de dictado en un curso centrado en problemas y las posibilidades de evaluación individual, cuando se ha elegido una técnica que fuerza el trabajo en grupo. Por último se hacen algunos comentarios sobre el impacto en los alumnos y docentes auxiliares y los principales errores a corregir en los esquemas “problem based”.VIII Ateneo de Profesores Universitarios de Computación (APUC)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Análisis del enfoque de la asignatura laboratorio de software en la sede Ushuaia de la UNPSJB

Se analiza el enfoque y resultados de tres años de implementación de la asignatura Laboratorio de Software en la sede Ushuaia de la UNPSJB. Las particularidades del curso (Reducido número de alumnos, Conocimientos previos de Análisis y Diseño de Sistemas, Escasa experiencia en desarrollo de proyectos en equipo) nos llevó a plantear un curso centrado en problemas (“problem based learning”) buscando estimular las aptitudes de estudio e investigación de los alumnos y al mismo tiempo motivando el trabajo en equipo. Con un tercer curso en desarrollo es interesante hacer un balance de las ventajas y desventajas apreciadas hasta el momento. En particular tratamos de diferenciar la metodología de dictado en un curso centrado en problemas y las posibilidades de evaluación individual, cuando se ha elegido una técnica que fuerza el trabajo en grupo. Por último se hacen algunos comentarios sobre el impacto en los alumnos y docentes auxiliares y los principales errores a corregir en los esquemas “problem based”.VIII Ateneo de Profesores Universitarios de Computación (APUC)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Cauliflower fractal forms arise from perturbations of floral gene networks

[EN] Throughout development, plant meristems regularly produce organs in defined spiral, opposite, or whorl patterns. Cauliflowers present an unusual organ arrangement with a multitude of spirals nested over a wide range of scales. How such a fractal, self-similar organization emerges from developmental mechanisms has remained elusive. Combining experimental analyses in an Arabidopsis thaliana cauliflower-like mutant with modeling, we found that curd self-similarity arises because the meristems fail to form flowers but keep the "memory" of their transient passage in a floral state. Additional mutations affecting meristem growth can induce the production of conical structures reminiscent of the conspicuous fractal Romanesco shape. This study reveals how fractal-like forms may emerge from the combination of key, defined perturbations of floral developmental programs and growth dynamics.This work was supported by the INRAE Caulimodel project (to F.P. and C.Go.); Inria Project Lab Morphogenetics (to C.Go., E.A., and F.P.); the ANR BBSRC Flower model project (to F.P. and C.Go.); the GRAL LabEX (ANR-10-LABX-49-01) within the framework of the CBH-EUR-GS (ANR-17-EURE-0003) (to F.P., G.T., M.L.M., and J.L.); the EU H2020 773875 ROMI project (to C.Go.); and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia Innovacion and FEDER (grant no. PGC2018-099232-B-I00 to F.M.).Azpeitia, E.; Tichtinsky, G.; Le Masson, M.; Serrano-Mislata, A.; Lucas, J.; Gregis, V.; Gimenez, C.... (2021). Cauliflower fractal forms arise from perturbations of floral gene networks. Science. 373(6551):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abg5999S16373655

MM, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and inpatient mortality

There is limited information on the characteristics, pre-admission prognostic factors, and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This retrospective case series investigated characteristics and outcomes of 167 MM patients hospitalized with COVID-19 reported from 73 hospitals within the Spanish Myeloma Collaborative Group network in Spain between March 1 and April 30, 2020. Outcomes were compared with a randomly selected contemporary cohort of 167 age-/sex-matched non-cancer patients with COVID-19 admitted at 6 participating hospitals. Common demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome variables were collected; specific disease status and treatment data were collected for MM patients. Among the MM and non-cancer patients, median age was 71 years and 57% of patients were male in each series, and 75% and 77% of patients, respectively, had at least one comorbidity. COVID-19 clinical severity was moderate-severe in 77% and 89% of patients and critical in 8% and 4%, respectively. Supplemental oxygen was required by 47% and 55% of MM and non-cancer patients, respectively, and 21%/9% vs 8%/6% required non-invasive/invasive ventilation. Inpatient mortality was 34% and 23% in MM and non-cancer patients, respectively. Among MM patients, inpatient mortality was 41% in males, 42% in patients aged >65 years, 49% in patients with active/progressive MM at hospitalization, and 59% in patients with comorbid renal disease at hospitalization, which were independent prognostic factors of inpatient mortality on adjusted multivariate analysis. This case series demonstrates the increased risk and identifies predictors of inpatient mortality among MM patients hospitalized with COVID-19.This study was supported by PETHEMA FoundationN

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN